We will go over the oxidation and reduction reactions surrounding monosaccharides or simple sugars of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides exist as both aldoses and ketoses, however due to isomerization all monosaccharides can undergo Oxidation and reduction.
When an Aldose is reduced it turns into a sugar alcohol known as a alditol. Aldoses can be weakly oxidized into aldonic acid or strongly oxidized into an Aldaric acid, which are respectively known as sugar acids. Due to metabolism in the human body enzymatic oxidation is also possible with primary alcohols as well. All four reactions types are discussed use D-Galactose as an example with nomenclature!
0:00 A look into simple sugars.
00:42 Isomerization: All Monosaccharides can be oxidized!
1:51 Reduction of a Galactose (Sugar Alcohol)
4:26 Weak oxidation of Galactose (Sugar Acid)
6:09 Strong Oxidation of Carbohydrate
8:14 Enzyme Oxidation of Carbohydrate (Metabolism)
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