on Hyboria (Robert E Howard)

Пікірлер: 157

  • @leonardreich458
    @leonardreich4584 жыл бұрын

    Howard was the best of them all. For others of you who know this, I salute you.

  • @libertyprime6932

    @libertyprime6932

    2 жыл бұрын

    I remember thinking George RR Martin was the best American fantasy writer. Lol, what a fool I was. Howard is far better and predates GRRM by decades

  • @flashgordon1262

    @flashgordon1262

    2 жыл бұрын

    :)

  • @TA-by9wv

    @TA-by9wv

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@libertyprime6932 Clark Ashton smith's zothique and hyperborea short stories are also great. It's like a bridge between Howard and lovecraft in style.

  • @whitslebinkzaffrey5838

    @whitslebinkzaffrey5838

    2 жыл бұрын

    100 percent.

  • @GentlemanLife-Beyotch

    @GentlemanLife-Beyotch

    Жыл бұрын

    One of the best perhaps.

  • @harrymills2770
    @harrymills27705 жыл бұрын

    Many hours of escape when I got laid up as a kid. Owe him and Edgar Rice Burroughs (and others) a great debt.

  • @TheDing1701
    @TheDing17013 жыл бұрын

    This is absolutely the best Conan/Robert E. Howard informational video anywhere on KZread (or anywhere else). I just received eleven Conan novels in the mail, and was a huge fan of the Marvel comics in the 70's and 80's. This is a perfect primer to gear up for a couple of months of of free time spent in the Hyborian Age. Truly, thank you.

  • @Arkanoid1212

    @Arkanoid1212

    3 жыл бұрын

    i am glad to be of service

  • @Dexroid

    @Dexroid

    2 жыл бұрын

    I'm currently reading Robert Jordans versions of them. It's worth a read.

  • @TheDing1701

    @TheDing1701

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Dexroid Since that post I've read several of Jordan's! Damn good!

  • @pauls3585
    @pauls35853 жыл бұрын

    this is one of the best Conan/Howard videos ever. thank you

  • @duke927
    @duke9274 жыл бұрын

    Homer’s Odyssey. Book XI. “And now she (Odysseus’ ship) reached earth’s limits, the deep stream of the Ocean, where the Cimmerian people’s land and city lie, wrapt in a fog and cloud... but deadly night is spread abroad over those hapless men.”

  • @turtleanton6539
    @turtleanton65394 жыл бұрын

    Fantastic video about a fantastic man.

  • @Seanbo88
    @Seanbo88 Жыл бұрын

    "I did not seem to be creating, but rather relating events that had occured..." That's when you know you've got something good.

  • @AAron-gr3jk
    @AAron-gr3jk4 жыл бұрын

    So detailed! I'm enjoying this. sad ending 11 June 1936

  • @petersteele7603
    @petersteele76033 жыл бұрын

    As a long time fan of conan in his various incarnations... I've always been fascinated as to where & how Howard pulled the yarns from... I've read & listened to dozens of different sources dissecting Howard's motivations & thoughts. This one, although long, is the most informative I've found thus far. Howard was the definition of an enigma shrouded by a paradox wrapped in a mystery. The sheer size & stature of the man, his unconditional respect & love of his mother, her betrayal, his (in hindsight) high powered friends (Lovecraft & his association with the Golden dawn/Crowley & all those nefarious individuals) combined with imaginative mind of a enlightened scion... and his mysteriously sketchy (imo) death.

  • @FMD-FullMetalDragon

    @FMD-FullMetalDragon

    3 жыл бұрын

    Makes you wonder if he committed suicide or not.

  • @Bee_Mavrick

    @Bee_Mavrick

    2 жыл бұрын

    Dude was deep in the rabbit hole

  • @ScooBdont
    @ScooBdont3 жыл бұрын

    I didn’t know that “The Star Rover” also known as “The Jacket” was a favorite of Howard’s. I read it in my youth and it stuck with me for decades until I found it again. I didn’t remember who had written it but many of the stories inside of the story had stuck with me. I finally stopped procrastinating and put in the effort to find who the author was/is. Still one of my favorites

  • @The_Gallowglass
    @The_Gallowglass Жыл бұрын

    It really grates on my soul whenever he says SELTS. I'm not sure where he's getting hy in Hyboria meaning "country of" in Irish. "Tír na ..." land/country of The only thing I can think of is that they're mixing things up. Hibernia was what the Romans called Ireland. He may have conflated Hy with Hi from Hibernia and Hyperborea. Hibernia, Iouerníā/Ierne, Iverni, Ériu, Éiré, Erin, etc = Ireland

  • @andrewmckeown6786
    @andrewmckeown67863 жыл бұрын

    Such a huge fan...cant even say enough....Crom

  • @rodturner4589
    @rodturner45892 жыл бұрын

    Robert E Howard and Frank Frazetta were made for each other.

  • @prodigal1970
    @prodigal19702 жыл бұрын

    Great work, the Hyper Hyborean salutes you...!

  • @copyrightstrikez_bandit143
    @copyrightstrikez_bandit1434 жыл бұрын

    Nemesis the warlock u have one of the best youtube channels I seen. Original and cooL to see all this classic Lore dude.

  • @Arkanoid1212

    @Arkanoid1212

    4 жыл бұрын

    thank you very much, i hope you enjoy it

  • @christiansmith1883
    @christiansmith18833 жыл бұрын

    Thanks, good voice and entertainig.

  • @prestige_materials
    @prestige_materials3 жыл бұрын

    When the human mind accidentally recalls past lives on a primeval Earth is by far the most valuable information we will ever get in the inherently accurate though occulted fields of History and Anthropology. Very interesting and provoking. H.P. Lovecraft, J.R.R Tolkien, Robert E. Howard, Etc.

  • @kingconan9271

    @kingconan9271

    2 жыл бұрын

    Well said

  • @Hero_Of_Old

    @Hero_Of_Old

    Жыл бұрын

    Blood memory

  • @benitogallego
    @benitogallego2 жыл бұрын

    The name "Zamora" was most probably taken from an actual kingdom that existed in Spain in the middle ages. Today it's the name of a province and its capital city.

  • @staticdynamic1605
    @staticdynamic16053 жыл бұрын

    I loved this!

  • @zaberfang
    @zaberfang4 жыл бұрын

    I wish I have Howard's skill to churn up stories. But for some reason, it feels like his stories may have actually happened.

  • @ChikaNeca

    @ChikaNeca

    3 жыл бұрын

    Maybe in some way

  • @gokux7856

    @gokux7856

    3 жыл бұрын

    Oh shit I was thinking the same thing a few days ago!! Almost like he had tapped into another dimension form the past maybe as it just flowed out when he wrote .

  • @davidbellamy2612

    @davidbellamy2612

    3 жыл бұрын

    Apparently he was quite mad and would frantically write all night because he was being driven to do so by his characters; some have said that he was terrified they would murder him if he stopped and that he could actually see them. Regardless; he was a stunningly good writer and his words have always stirred vivid images in my own minds-eye and that is rare ability. Tolkien did it as did Stephen Donaldson [well at least his early works] so Howard stands tall with the best fantasy writers.

  • @mzeewatk846
    @mzeewatk8465 жыл бұрын

    sure wish i'd been around in 36 to give his head a shake.... a hard end to comprehend.

  • @Arkanoid1212

    @Arkanoid1212

    5 жыл бұрын

    A tragedy. The circle attained its renown not within their lifetimes. Smith coped better with it than the others, Robert didn't at all. Far ahead of their time.

  • @benidictnelbert

    @benidictnelbert

    4 жыл бұрын

    It’s almost as if he were here to impart knowledge of a time forgotten to history! Then left.

  • @leonardreich458

    @leonardreich458

    4 жыл бұрын

    It hurts me no end that I did not know him personally. My friend, I too wish I was there to stop him.

  • @thinkordie7292
    @thinkordie72924 жыл бұрын

    I honestly believe that REH may have been given a glimpse of a bleak future for mankind. How the similarities of what this world used to be, that the notion of mankind rising and falling in intelligence exemplified by Rome into the Dark Ages or the Han Dynasty into the Three Kingdoms -era, and the almost anti-civilization of most of his characters. More importantly, his characters helped 5 and 6 yr old me face fears. I will slay the boogeyman.

  • @AAron-gr3jk

    @AAron-gr3jk

    4 жыл бұрын

    that is interesting: Hyberboria not as a forgotten history of our world, but as the future. with our history being the forgotten precursor.

  • @jonathanwells223

    @jonathanwells223

    3 жыл бұрын

    It’s more that civilization might not be as important or as powerful as everyone thinks. All civilization was swept away during the cataclysm that caused the continents to drift into their current state according to Howard, leaving only the people and a vague memory of the Hyborian Age. Civilizations might be temporary but people will live on as they always have.

  • @andrewmckeown6786
    @andrewmckeown67863 жыл бұрын

    Oh I should add, David Gimmel(R.I.P.). Has been described as the greatest writer of heroic fantasy, not without good reason. Check him out👍

  • @wintermute0079
    @wintermute00794 жыл бұрын

    Celtic is pronounced with a hard c sound

  • @roymakescomics

    @roymakescomics

    3 жыл бұрын

    People from Boston know..

  • @FuckGoogle2

    @FuckGoogle2

    3 жыл бұрын

    You mean a K?

  • @paulmiller7838

    @paulmiller7838

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@FuckGoogle2 That would be a hard C sound yes. A soft C sound would be for like an S. Which is why some languages do not use the letter C, it's kind of irrelevant.

  • @needfoolthings

    @needfoolthings

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@paulmiller7838 There is no C sound. It's right to ask if you mean a K sound as opposed to an S sound.

  • @spaceytracey1237

    @spaceytracey1237

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@FuckGoogle2 pretty much innit? Celtic-football team pronounced-selltic. Celtic-in this regard-Kell-tic.

  • @1allspub
    @1allspub3 жыл бұрын

    This contains some really outstanding and illuminating REH insights and analysis. But it must be noted (as others have already done in the comments) that narrator has an innate ability to mispronounce both REH’s created names and historical names! LOL!!! Oh, and “Hy” doesn’t mean “country of” in Irish, rather it is a corruption of the Irish word “Ui” (as in “Ui Neill” for example) and means “grandsons of” (or more generally “descendants of”) a particular ancestor or ancestral figure. But no doubt I am nitpicking... really this is a great listen! Highly recommended for any true REH fan! :)

  • @MrWompusscat
    @MrWompusscat4 жыл бұрын

    This is great!!

  • @fredrikgranstrom6743
    @fredrikgranstrom67433 жыл бұрын

    this is just great

  • @gigatwin5298
    @gigatwin52982 жыл бұрын

    Of all the Conan stories written by Howard that I've read I'd say with complete confidence that his worst Conan story is equal to the best of some of the other authors I've read. To be honest I quite enjoyed the story "The Devil in Iron" despite it being some what clear that its not as strong as a story as his other works

  • @dphill96
    @dphill963 жыл бұрын

    Wow! and thank you.

  • @thorkalel2851
    @thorkalel28515 жыл бұрын

    Crom...

  • @jonathanwells223

    @jonathanwells223

    3 жыл бұрын

    Is that all it takes to get a Heart?!

  • @davelee3725
    @davelee37253 жыл бұрын

    It always seemed like he was writing about a time that happend after the first crash of civilization after the pyramid were built 20 000 years ago

  • @davelee3725

    @davelee3725

    2 жыл бұрын

    @anonymous it was a strange time I bet

  • @kingconan9271

    @kingconan9271

    2 жыл бұрын

    @anonymous it did it's linked to hollow earth and related stories..

  • @dvepps6780
    @dvepps6780 Жыл бұрын

    From "Hyborian Genesis: Notes on the Creation of the Conan Stories" by Patrice Louinet

  • @whitslebinkzaffrey5838
    @whitslebinkzaffrey58382 жыл бұрын

    There is a lot of truth in his mythos.

  • @Pekingesejedi
    @Pekingesejedi3 жыл бұрын

    All that’s missing is Basil Poledouris

  • @mechhyena6957
    @mechhyena69574 жыл бұрын

    @2:19:00 -- wow! On Beyond the Black River encapsulating the American Frontier.

  • @jonathanwells223

    @jonathanwells223

    3 жыл бұрын

    More like the Roman frontier. Those Germans were scary! Look up the Suebi and you will know what I mean.

  • @mindmesh7566
    @mindmesh75663 жыл бұрын

    The Cimmerians were an Iranian speaking people. Like Persians to the south and the Sakas (we call Scythians) to the north in the Eurasian heartland that is now - not 3,000 years ago - called southern Russia and Central Asia.

  • @scouttrooperhh-1487
    @scouttrooperhh-14874 жыл бұрын

    1:12:12 Hello, Based?!

  • @SnarkyJohnny
    @SnarkyJohnny Жыл бұрын

    Had to resist the urge to yell Kelt everytime “Selt” was said in this. Otherwise it was a great video and I would still highly recommend it.

  • @pavelyankouski4913
    @pavelyankouski49132 жыл бұрын

    Howard is a Death Knight who forgot his two handed sword in the cave, and Conan found it, it is a sword of the Atlantean

  • @robertanderson866
    @robertanderson8662 жыл бұрын

    Awesome

  • @richardsanchez9190
    @richardsanchez91903 жыл бұрын

    Where the hell can I get that map on the thumbnail??

  • @willowwobble
    @willowwobble Жыл бұрын

    Interesting background info. Thank you. But there is a mistake in the narration. The speaker pronounced 'Celtic' with a soft 'c' as in saying 's', but the Celts always pronounced 'c' as if it was hard like a 'k'. Thus Celt should be pronounced as if written 'Kelt'.

  • @ikehall9513
    @ikehall95133 жыл бұрын

    Gratitude

  • @turtleanton6539
    @turtleanton65394 жыл бұрын

    CONAN❤

  • @blaircolquhoun7780
    @blaircolquhoun77802 жыл бұрын

    It was someone at Lamcer Books.

  • @jaimemartinez484
    @jaimemartinez4843 жыл бұрын

    Conan el bárbaro o conan el comeríamos the Best story

  • @MsVegasguy
    @MsVegasguy3 жыл бұрын

    A bit disappointed he did not go further into my favorite Conan yarn "Shadows in Zamboula". Would have loved to have heard more on the background of this fantastic story.

  • @KorumEmrys

    @KorumEmrys

    2 жыл бұрын

    Shadows In Zamboula is one of my favorites as well as Beyond the Black River which I also rate among the top 10 stories. Maybe top 20 as there are so MANY GREAT CONAN STORIES!!!

  • @tanberetO
    @tanberetO3 жыл бұрын

    Robert Howard is the most decorated soldier in US history. Not the same guy but still.

  • @johnoneil3985
    @johnoneil39852 жыл бұрын

    The video has flaws, but the criticisms are overly harsh. In English, there are often two or more acceptable pronunciations. The soft c pronunciation of Celtic comes from the French pronunciation and is older than the academically approved hard c pronunciation which reflects the Greek and Roman pronunciation. Cimmeria also can be pronounced with a hard or soft c.

  • @keith6706

    @keith6706

    4 ай бұрын

    Uh, no. The Greek "Keltoi" first appeared in writing in 517 BCE. French wouldn't exist for over a thousand years. Also, the word pretty much disappeared from usage during the early Medieval Period and only reappeared after 1700 when (English) writers began using the word after it was discovered in Roman and Greek texts. The French picked it up from the English, but because modern French pronunciation almost always uses "c" that sounds like /s/ and not /k/ in front of vowels like that in "celt", they pronounced it "selt".

  • @paulclauson8346
    @paulclauson8346 Жыл бұрын

    Don't pay attention to any of these nay sayers. Easy to pass judgement when you don't do this yourself. Keep up they great work some of us like what ur doing. How can u tell someone how Howard wanted Cimmerian to be pronounced . He is no longer here to instruct us. Names can be pronounced many ways . Bold of you to assume that you know what Howard wanted.

  • @kaministquiamahackamack336
    @kaministquiamahackamack3363 жыл бұрын

    I used to misread Hyboria as "Hyperbolia" FWIW.

  • @turtleanton6539
    @turtleanton65394 жыл бұрын

    CROM!

  • @douglasscharbrough2563
    @douglasscharbrough25633 жыл бұрын

    those lands shown kinda look like africa, europe and asian continents together

  • @allgoodnamestaken123

    @allgoodnamestaken123

    3 жыл бұрын

    Thats because it is ;) bottom right is Australia

  • @DANTHETUBEMAN
    @DANTHETUBEMAN3 жыл бұрын

    Was robert e howard a profit of how we live today as well as a viewer of a ancient past?

  • @konsumterra1
    @konsumterra13 жыл бұрын

    celt has hard c like a k its a Greek word - not a sports team hyperborea is feature of greek mythology

  • @guritarasi8732
    @guritarasi87323 жыл бұрын

    Hyboria=Hyp+bor+ai=the up part of land with snow...Albanian language😉

  • @turtleanton6539
    @turtleanton65394 жыл бұрын

    He was not wrong about the SEX stuff

  • @andrewpytko4773

    @andrewpytko4773

    3 жыл бұрын

    It is what women want from strong men.

  • @Talltrees84
    @Talltrees844 жыл бұрын

    Seems as if REH was channelling Conan. Tis sorcery.

  • @Arkanoid1212

    @Arkanoid1212

    4 жыл бұрын

    At least it are damn good stories ^^

  • @Talltrees84

    @Talltrees84

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Arkanoid1212 By Crom you are right.

  • @scouttrooperhh-1487
    @scouttrooperhh-14874 жыл бұрын

    1:40:04 LMAO!

  • @agentxchannel6640
    @agentxchannel66403 жыл бұрын

    dream of a movie version of 'black canaan', exploring the blood, thunder and mutual racism and primordial fears involved..

  • @scratchpapergames9351
    @scratchpapergames93515 жыл бұрын

    I wish I could downvote that one downvote.

  • @jasonthomas4258

    @jasonthomas4258

    4 жыл бұрын

    I also wish it were possible Dungeon Master.

  • @jonathanwells223

    @jonathanwells223

    3 жыл бұрын

    Jason Thomas all you need is a stack of scratch paper and some imagination

  • @wanderingsoul7935
    @wanderingsoul7935 Жыл бұрын

    Great video, although the word Celt isn't pronounced correctly but I put that down to being American.

  • @mattlewandowski73
    @mattlewandowski733 жыл бұрын

    Kelt the only celtics are in boston

  • @Ed-zn1in
    @Ed-zn1in2 жыл бұрын

    Celtic pronounced KEL-TIC

  • @Interfect727
    @Interfect7273 жыл бұрын

    Is it Sim-mer-EE-uh or Sim-MEER-ee-uh or Kim-MEER-ee-uh or Kim-mer-EE-uh? Is there a consensus on this?

  • @Phantasia_Workshop

    @Phantasia_Workshop

    3 жыл бұрын

    Kim-MEER-ee-uh

  • @THEMAX00000
    @THEMAX00000 Жыл бұрын

    Does anyone know the narrator’s name?

  • @thomasdavison7184
    @thomasdavison7184 Жыл бұрын

    Howard created the most iconic well rounded character I think ever written but his writing was not on par for his day.

  • @temmy9
    @temmy93 жыл бұрын

    The god Emperor of Man from WH40k was Conan. True Story.

  • @kingconan9271

    @kingconan9271

    2 жыл бұрын

    Lol

  • @Eithriall
    @Eithriall4 жыл бұрын

    If we talk about Robert E. Howard writings, so we should talk about the Hyborian Age, not Hyboria. He never called this land Hyboria...but talks about Hyborian Realms. The western and most powerfull Realms of this age : « Five hundred years later the kingdoms of the world are clearly defined. The kingdoms of the Hyborians - Aquilonia, Nemedia, Brythunia, Hyperborea, Koth, Ophir, Argos, Corinthia, and one known as the Border Kingdom - dominate the western world. » Robert E. Howard. « The Coming of Conan the Cimmerian. » And stop with the "Crush my enemies..." sentence. Conan, the Robert E. Howard's character, never ever said such things....This is only the delirium from John Milius.

  • @turtleanton6539

    @turtleanton6539

    4 жыл бұрын

    Goodpoints

  • @user-in5wp8yo2i
    @user-in5wp8yo2i2 жыл бұрын

    Is Conan real historical caracter ?

  • @robertabrahamsen9076
    @robertabrahamsen90763 жыл бұрын

    I believe it's pronounced "Ki-meria," not "Sim-eria."

  • @Dexroid

    @Dexroid

    3 жыл бұрын

    I pronounce it with a hard c, but you do you, my dude.

  • @davidrosales3663
    @davidrosales36634 ай бұрын

    He took an old Native American story and created it into one of his own

  • @lilduce4448
    @lilduce44484 жыл бұрын

    JOE?

  • @Arkanoid1212

    @Arkanoid1212

    4 жыл бұрын

    Hi, Donald. I had a Puntin somwhere here but as far as i know not Joe. I hope you enjoy the Channel. Get lucky.

  • @justice3188
    @justice31883 жыл бұрын

    In the first minute he explains how Muhammad felt

  • @mechhyena6957
    @mechhyena69574 жыл бұрын

    Yikes. Conan's monologue at ~ @16:09

  • @grendel8342

    @grendel8342

    4 жыл бұрын

    i don't see whats so bad about it, its just and ode to escapism in his own writing.

  • @mechhyena6957

    @mechhyena6957

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@grendel8342 "So bad about it"? Are you kidding? It's AMAZING.

  • @grendel8342

    @grendel8342

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@mechhyena6957 i had thought by the wording of your first comment you had thought something was wrong with it. I think its pretty cool myself and was confused because i though i had found someone who disliked conan. I just usually associate the word "yikes" with a bad connotation and was mildly confused. Sorry for the confusion.

  • @nowhereman6019
    @nowhereman6019 Жыл бұрын

    His weird focus on hating specifically lesbians makes me think that he didn't believe men could actually be gay, only women, which is kind of funny.

  • @ryanrobison8973

    @ryanrobison8973

    8 ай бұрын

    This is hilarious.

  • @nivekian
    @nivekian3 жыл бұрын

    20 seconds in, hard stop in the Cimmerian mispronunciation. C'mon man... This is from 2 years ago...

  • @paulmiller7838
    @paulmiller78383 жыл бұрын

    Your mispronunciations of Celtic and Cimmeria are infuriating. Why would you narrate this if you clearly cannot even pronounce such important words to the story? That point aside, I am glad that you did because the more about Robert E. Howard there is the better.

  • @bryine.willis8683
    @bryine.willis86833 жыл бұрын

    Older

  • @frankberst9849
    @frankberst98494 жыл бұрын

    For edification, it's pronounced Cim - MER - ian, emphasis on the second syllable. Jeez

  • @nivekian

    @nivekian

    3 жыл бұрын

    The people all like "This is great information..." when I couldn't get past that...

  • @DanIel-fl1vc
    @DanIel-fl1vc3 жыл бұрын

    I've never read these books and after listening to some of this video I don't want to. It hasn't got the right to take itself this seriously, pretentious Tarzan is about right.

  • @DANTHETUBEMAN

    @DANTHETUBEMAN

    3 жыл бұрын

    How would you know without tasting,? The phinix and the sward just chapter one is the greatest ever written

  • @CelestialNerd336

    @CelestialNerd336

    2 жыл бұрын

    Having just jumped into Conan myself, I get it. The ethnocentricism is gross, and if it prevents you from enjoying Howard, no worries. Personally, I find that I love the style and despise the sensibilities. Some of the less 'yikes' stories are The God in the Bowl, Tower of the Elephant, and the Phoenix on the Sword. Steer clear of mostly anything with the word 'black' in the title if you don't want to see some gnarly racist overtones. 'Queen of the Black Coast' and 'The Pool of the Black Ones' go full unga-bunga and thus have NOT aged well. Also, Kull the Conquerer is (surprisingly) less 'vaguely racist mysogynist' and more 'lovably naïve himbo' in the stories I've read so far. You might enjoy him more than Conan or Solomon Kane.

  • @metrotek5
    @metrotek53 жыл бұрын

    Zamorians do it better

  • @twogungunnar9456
    @twogungunnar94563 жыл бұрын

    I wish he'd stop pronouncing it like "Simmer-EE-uh". It's Si-MAIR-ee-uh, possibly with a hard "k" instead of a soft "c", but this guy's definitely pronouncing it wrong.

  • @Phantasia_Workshop
    @Phantasia_Workshop3 жыл бұрын

    The mispronunciations are unbearable

  • @Arkanoid1212

    @Arkanoid1212

    3 жыл бұрын

    Noted^^

  • @bretthess6376
    @bretthess63763 жыл бұрын

    Your egregious mispronunciations make this video unwatchable. Too bad. Lots of work went into this video to be overthrown by such a thing. BTW, I've been a Howard reader for 50 years.