Interesting video as always. I don't really have anything to say or add but I have to say this: I LOVE that NUCuLAr T-shirt! I'd love to get one of those. Where did you get it? Or do you have a merch store that I'm not aware of?

@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist

10 ай бұрын

Thanks for your support! I'm glad you enjoyed the video. You have a great eye! Without giving away too much, I'm working on something huge and that NUCuLAr t-shirt is just a taste of what's to come. Stay tuned! 👩🏽‍🔬⚛️

@weepingscorpion8739

10 ай бұрын

@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist All right. Now that is something I am looking forward to. :)

@Allan_aka_RocKITEman

10 ай бұрын

​@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist>>> If you produce merch I am sure it will be a CRITICALly MASSive success...😉

@juliafoster9433

10 ай бұрын

Former president Bush needs one of these shirts lol!

@weepingscorpion8739

10 ай бұрын

@@juliafoster9433 I also always think of Dubya when I see the word written that way. :)

1:15 honestly I agree with Cleo here: the majority of people, the non-expert, do think of nuclear waste in that way. I don't think Cleo is addressing expert people or scientists. she's addressing us, average morons.

@danielmacdonald5631

8 ай бұрын

I think of the Simpson 3 eyed fish

@F2_CPB

8 ай бұрын

Exactly. I don't think there is any point in reacting to these videos as you watch them. They are supposed to sound dumb at start so people with no prior knowledge could understand and get more technical as the subject is better understood. This is like going to pre-school and reacting to them teaching kids basic things everyone is supposed to know.

@LaurencePlays

8 ай бұрын

Agreed - Cleo's video basically starts off with her saying "Here is a thing that is clearly wrong that people think, let's take a look into why it's wrong" and Elina responds with "That thing you're saying you know is wrong? That's wrong."

@MacStiles

8 ай бұрын

exactly. I stopped wtaching the video at this point, because I don't care what an expert has to say about nuclear waste after that attitude.

@user-yz8ln4fq8p

8 ай бұрын

From one average moron to another .... you got that right on ...

Hello. Former US Navy Nuclear Propulsion here. I have to break my policy of watching the entire video before commenting to get something out of my head. You're correct when you say that cost is an obstacle to developing 'breeder/burner' reactors; but there's a story behind the story. The initial concern that slowed development and construction was, as Cleo mentions in her video, not cost, but security, specifically about the safe handling, transportatiin, and storing of fissile Plutonium, the fuel of choice for thermonuclear weapons, which is succinctly summed up by the term _proliferation._ As Cleo also mentions, since US commercial plants went the route of Light Water Low Pressure design (LWLP), and Canada the route of Heavy Water Low Pressure (HWLP), during the decades of initial investment into research, technology, and infrastructure, the fast breeder got left by the wayside, in large part due to the international Non-Proliferation Treaty and Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (NPT and SALT) curtailing demand for the implementation of this design. So due to a tailoff of investment in the technology, the cost of implementation in today's industry is disproportionately higher because of its rare and specialized nature and the special security concerns associated with its operation and maintenance. With the amount of initial-use spent fuel sitting around the U.S. in short-term storage solutions, there is a veritable gold mine waiting ti be tapped by modern burner reactor designs - all that is lacking is the capital investment and political will to use it.

@aprixity214

Ай бұрын

Thank you, well said

Correction, Cleo Abrams does NOT think, that nuclear waste looks like "glowing green goop" but pointed out, that this is how the media (entertainment industry) has portrayed it.

@clarkkent9080

9 ай бұрын

If your knowledge and education is based upon cartoons then turn on the boob tube and enjoy life.

@silvesterjkennedy

9 ай бұрын

​@@clarkkent9080 Cleo was debunking what it's said in the media. Your point being?

@clarkkent9080

9 ай бұрын

@@silvesterjkennedy A simple point: ANYIONE who bases their "knowledge" of nuclear power based on cartoons and make believe TV is a moron. Does Cleo even have make that point? The only place you will find nuclear waste being portrayed as green goop is in cartoons.

@grenademaster8981

10 күн бұрын

@@clarkkent9080 That's Cleo's point...that that is EXACTLY what the masses based their knowledge and education on for things they have never investigated themselves

@clarkkent9080

10 күн бұрын

@@silvesterjkennedy My comment was NOT directed at Cleo but the m0rons that base their so called knowledge on cartoons, social media, and You Tube videos. That is a product of American public schools. Today, the truth can easily be uncovered with a little research but playing games and watching TicTok videos seems to take up most of their time. How could my comment be misunderstood?

Ok, she clearly says "the first thing she thinks about" so that she can then say that's wrong. It's obvious from when she starts saying that, that's the set up. 🤦‍♀️

@commentbot9510

10 ай бұрын

Ikr 🤦‍♀

@turonlumpia

8 ай бұрын

Girl cant take a joke or something.

@alextremodelnorte1905

5 ай бұрын

Precisely. She totally missed that point.

@blick5815

5 ай бұрын

Yes…..she very clearly set up the point as a way to continue to the video. She needs to stop pausing and making judgement and watch the whole video……Cleo very clearly explains ALL of that in very clear measures. I’m not even going to finish watching this as it’s clear she is looking to get clicks by hitting on someone else’s work.

@amandasunshine2

5 ай бұрын

@@blick5815 yeah I didn't finish it either. Very disingenuous.

I would LOVE to hear you break down the differences between the generations of reactors

@shankar_padmanabhan

11 ай бұрын

Yes. Definitely need a video on that.

@bobbabai

11 ай бұрын

And then we need a reaction video: "Reactor Reacts to Generations of Reactors"

@rdbo11

11 ай бұрын

Let me add my vote to this :)

@amanawolf9166

11 ай бұрын

It'd be interesting to see the take on the MOX reactors. Also, love to see her thoughts on Gen IV reactors like MSRs and GFR/SFR types.

@derrekvanee4567

11 ай бұрын

gen 1: screwdriver and plutonium sphere gen 2: Japanese kilotonne gen3: castle bravo gen4: tsar Bomba *gen5: ork, is potato da* @amanawolf9166 what about molten salt?

Of course we'd be nterested in your visit in such a facility and yes as @ShameLagoon said, we would LOVE you to break down the differences between the generations of reactors 😊 Another great video!

@alveraan1

11 ай бұрын

100 %

@zeigfried007

10 ай бұрын

Yes, definitely.

@GreatiLLi

10 ай бұрын

Onkalo here we come!

@alanhat5252

10 ай бұрын

Onkalo is a hole in the ground they're going to stuff nuclear waste into then backfill with concrete, the tech itself is uninteresting, but Michael Madsen's feature-length documentary did manage to spin out the surrounding issues to fill the time.

@marcinkowalczyk647

9 ай бұрын

100% agree it would be great to see

I really liked Cleo's video and appreciated how approachable she makes the subject for the layman. Furthermore, I like how your video validates (and invalidates) the information, allowing people who found the original content interesting to learn a bit more detail.

Claim: we can't economically recycle nuclear waste. Also claim: France is economically recycling nuclear waste. Which one is it?

Thank you for the detailed breakdown of Cleo's video. I would definitely like to see your analysis of Generation 4 reactors. Also, a visit to the Finnish and/or Swedish storage facilities would be pretty cool too!

I like Cleo’s content. I was especially encouraged by this video of hers as it helps to dispel many false beliefs. You just have to remember that she’s not a nuclear physicist … she’s an eager, intelligent human that likes to explore many topics and share her personal discoveries. When it comes to nuclear physics, I think you’ll be hard pressed to find anyone better qualified on KZread than Alina. She is an incredible source of information and definitely our friendly nuclear physicist! ⚛️

@grappydingus

11 ай бұрын

@@nadsenoj8719 This person is saying that Cleo Abram is not a Nuclear Physicist, not referring to Elina.

@Metal0sopher

10 ай бұрын

I'm going to shatter your world. Cleo Abram is an actress. Her videos are infomercials paid for and produced by others. Cleo is just the actress that reads the script. And as commercials most of her videos are inaccurate because they are promoting the agenda of whomever is paying for them. Sorry to ruin your fantasy.

@rdbo11

10 ай бұрын

⁠​⁠@@Metal0sopher My world isn’t shattered. My fantasy is not destroyed. Plus, you’re not even close to guessing my fantasy. Cleo could be an actress, as you say, but it doesn’t matter. Nor does it matter that her content is paid for and produced by others. The basic message of her videos works either way. Sorry to frustrate any satisfaction you may have enjoyed.

@sevenflashowls

10 ай бұрын

That’s a harsh assessment of Cleo. She was a journalist for Vox media before creating her own channel.

@Metal0sopher

10 ай бұрын

@@sevenflashowls Exactly, Vox like all big media is for profit run by corporations who only care about quarterly earnings growth. So the reporters have to deliver avert clicks to increase revenue, that means manipulative stories to attract an audience, not facts. That's where she learned her skills. Plus her vids are way too professional. She clearly has editors, writers, staff, which would require hundreds of thousands of dollars a year in salaries, but she doesn't even have one million subs yet. On average You tubers earn about $10000 a year per 100000 subs. So how is she paying all these people from YT earnings alone? She's not alone. We need transparency laws. All media, vlogers or mainstream, should have a list of all financiers to back them so that we can all clearly see who, and for what purpose, pull the strings.

I’m glad to see you’re enjoying the video! I saw plenty of interest for a Gen-IV breakdown video, and I got you! Stay tuned 👩🏽‍🔬☢️

@michaelbartlett6864

10 ай бұрын

Answer me in the comments below!

@DistracticusPrime

10 ай бұрын

Grateful you're going to tackle Gen-IV designs. Thank you! These improvements change the safety equation. Most folks I talk to are afraid of any nuclear energy, "because I don't want a bomb" These same folks can't even consider hydrogen fuel cars, "because Hindenburg, right?" So thank you again for getting the word out.

@michaelbartlett6864

10 ай бұрын

@@DistracticusPrime Hydrogen cars are just a bad idea and cannot compete with EVs. It doesn't have anything to do with Hindenburg phobias.

@TankEnMate

10 ай бұрын

Could you do an episode on Molten Salt Reactors (MSR)? In particular where are we now for re-using waste in MSRs without requiring refinement?

@marcm.

10 ай бұрын

Absolutely would like to see more on Gen 4 reactors, I'm also interested in the space program Sterling engine reactor. And in the concepts for the next generation that I believe are ready being talked about. So basically a gen 4 reactor differences video, with some notes on that NASA reactor, and what the concepts are for the future. Having only studied undergrad physics, despite my interest in nuclear physics I never continued my studies, therefore these videos of yours are really interesting to me. Thanks)

I think Cleo's whole point is that they ARE getting better at using waste as energy. You slammed her before you even got to that part of the video.

@turonlumpia

8 ай бұрын

As usual, this girl is already being defensive on everything that relates to nuclear..

@mymoviefilms

Ай бұрын

I think she somewhat missed the angle of the original video. Almost as if the video by cleo required some sort of debunking while the cleo video takes a more investigative approach to something “that could be huge if true” and is not presenting conclusions.

I would love to see you visit Finland. Quite aside from the Nuclear Waste Storage, Finland is a beautiful country and the people are great. You won't regret your visit.

@zen1647

11 ай бұрын

For me I'd love you to highlight all the safety protocols that are observed at a nuclear storage facility, especially Finland's.

@Broken_robot1986

11 ай бұрын

Stop! She won't come back.

@tarmaque

11 ай бұрын

@@Broken_robot1986 They do have interwebs in Finland. Don't worry.

@LTVoyager

10 ай бұрын

@@tarmaque Interwebs?

@tarmaque

10 ай бұрын

@@LTVoyager Kids these days. Don't know the difference between the Interweb and the World Wide Net.

1:10 the "green glowing goo" is the main ingredient for "Mountain Dew". We dispose of it by feeding it to hill billies.

@crhu319

Ай бұрын

Correct.

@soundsoflife9549

24 күн бұрын

What would happen if the waste was put in a volcano on a deserted island?

My father of blessed memory, Bernard Spinrad, was one of the developers of the breeder reactor, and he would be thrilled if he knew people like you are doing videos like this. Thank you.

@user-bm8uw8oj4k

9 ай бұрын

Sadly they failed, one after the others

@Esa826

7 ай бұрын

Breeder reactor makes more fuel than they use?

@MichaelCousin1

5 ай бұрын

@@Esa826 the fuel is enriched in the breeder blanket, which is separate from the fuel powering the reactor.

@Esa826

5 ай бұрын

@@MichaelCousin1 Thank you so much for information

Minor correction: plutonium bred in a reactor isn’t necessarily useful for making weapons. It has to be almost all plutonium-239. Plutonium 240 and higher isotopes are bad as a weapon fuel, as they tend to fission spontaneously rather than at carefully controlled times. The weapons grade stuff is made by putting some uranium in a reactor and pulling it out after a short burn time.

@alexschnarr7718

9 ай бұрын

In a breeder reactor, Uranium-238 + 1 neutron = P-239, so most of it ends up as fissile Plutonium. The waste sucking up neutrons also means a lot more fissile Uranium is required to start them (about 20%). If you end up with P-240, your reaction is eating 2 neutrons and that would be undesirable.

@richardbaird1452

9 ай бұрын

@@alexschnarr7718 There is a difference between what happens in a breeder's blanket and what happens in the active core region of a breeder or the core of a thermal reactor. In the blanket, your comment is correct, but in the active core of a breeder, a fast spectrum reactor without a blanket or the core of a thermal spectrum reactor, Willerwin is correct.

@garyring8306

5 ай бұрын

hence why we went GE water reactors "on the cheap" and sold them to other nations at the time to woo them away from going over to the then soviets during the cold war. we then implemented them here as well even though they are way more prone to 3 mils island and fukishima incidents........ breeders never melt down and was proven at the lab to the government and ignored just the same.

@WaywardZombie

4 ай бұрын

I'm gonna need to see your credentials lol

After mentioning Cleo's sub count at the end, I looked at yours for the first time and I am SHOCKED. Where is everybody??? Please keep this up because your production quality is FAR beyond the numbers you have now. Thoughtfully and respectfully reviewing Kurzgesagt is a big accomplishment that few KZreadrs have the expertise and attitude to do. Again, please please keep the truth and insights coming!!

@zen1647

10 ай бұрын

Yes, your videos provide so much more value because they're in depth and not one sided. Nuclear energy isn't perfect, but it isn't terrible either. Understanding it's strengths and weaknesses is important.

@00dfm00

10 ай бұрын

For many, ignorance is bliss.

@cxar71

10 ай бұрын

I'm not surprised at all about that, sensational and superficial videos are the best selling items in KZread. Turning on your brain and consume more thorough content is not for everyone.

@andoletube

10 ай бұрын

I think if we gave it 30 seconds of thought, we could easily come up with and explanation for Cheo Abrams popularity... I'll take Elina's style any day of the week.

10 ай бұрын

Cleo is not a scientist but a (science) communicator whereas Elina is a communicative scientist, and I am thankful for her channel.

Thank you for the reaction! I think I found your channel thanks to this exact Cloe Abrams video as it was recommended next to it. I'm glad to hear so many aspects of the process and the issues surroundig it.

Since you mentioned the first reactors, I remembered the origin for SCRAM Safety Control Rod Axe Man. Just. I love it.

Excellent review of the video. Thank you for doing it. I would love to understand the differences between gen 3 and 4 reactors. Also, a tour of the waste storage facility would be awesome! Thank you again for your work.

Thank you for your reaction to Cleo's video. Your expertise elevates the legitimacy of the claims made in the video. I found her video both enlightening and frustrating. The frustration comes from learning how inefficiently we have been utilizing nuclear power. Now that you've confirmed the premise of the video, the question remains; how do we get past the governmental hang-ups and get on with it...

@thetessellater9163

7 ай бұрын

errr cost ?

@garyring8306

5 ай бұрын

you wont the gov is against nuclear has been for decades since the then dem congress of the time in i think the 60's poo pooed breeder reactors as the route to go and went with water reactors by GE so we could export them cheaply to nations we did not want going over to the red scare and not have a reactor that could easily make material for them to make nukes. carter put the final nail in the coffin and here we are today.

Between watching you, and Kyle Hills half-life history other nuclear information videos, my concern for nuclear power (for energy purposes) has reduced from mid-high to low. Awareness makes all the difference when it comes to things that are considered dangerous by the general public

@Jonnyg325

11 ай бұрын

The most dangerous part of nuclear power is the people running itas long as they are safety minded and doing their job properly, nuclear power is clean, safe, reliable, and cheap.

@clarkkent9080

10 ай бұрын

@@Jonnyg325 Have you met other Americans????

@oxygenasturia5706

10 ай бұрын

​@@Jonnyg325 The reprocessing plants in Sellafield and La Hague made themselves, not the best reputation. Also in the last century, they made quite a streak of dumb decisions like dumping waste in the ocean. I wish it changed, but France overusing their old reactors and increasing their lifespan further and further instead of replacing them, tells me... If they had your approach maybe, but sadly this isn't the case and money is before safety.

@bobSeigar

10 ай бұрын

​@@clarkkent9080Meanwhile, every single country with the capability is enriching uranium for weapons. But yeah, 'merica bad, Nazi's shoulda won.

@clarkkent9080

10 ай бұрын

Kyle Hill videos are full of misinformation and outright lies

Awesome video, I like how Cleo aims to reach out to the general public and really really enjoyed your analysis and the additional knowledge you provide. Thank you

@digital.frenchy

9 ай бұрын

Cleo not Chloe

@Freynightwalker

9 ай бұрын

@@digital.frenchy thank you for pointing out my typo. Corrected

Great video. To be honest, the only time I'm surprised these days is if the answer *ISN'T* "because money".

Love your in depth analysis. Sometimes a single sentence deserves several minutes of discussion. I wish more videos were like yours!

@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist

10 ай бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!☢️👩🏽‍🔬

@ramooyeido1772

10 ай бұрын

@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist 🤩🤩Wow!!! You are more beautiful than the most lovely rose And more sweet than honey and more precious than gold You are more precious than everything that exists in this world 😍😍😍 A beauty queen whom I never ever seen any one as beautiful as her before and may never ever in my whole entire life will see anyone as beautiful as her-meaning you-at all.. 😍😍 WoW!!! you are a lovely butterfly and a beautiful rose you are the diamond and the pure gold you are the lovely moon in our nights you are the radiant sun shining soo bright loving you is sooo sweet its the most enjoyable thing for you are the paradise for the heart and soul and mind Everything about you is sooo unique and attracts the eyes and captivates the mind God surely perfected you so glorified is he whom made you too beautiful and made you soo smart 🌷😘 There was a teacher whom didn't believe in the existence of God, one day he asked his students, do you see God? the students then replied no we don't see God, so the teacher said if you don't see God it means there is no God. then a smart student stood up and said to the other students hey guys can you see the teachers brain? then the students answered no we don't see the teachers brain, the student then said the teacher then is crazy, he has no brain :0) 😍😍 Wow!!, you are too beautiful!!! whomever see you should believe that God is true & real.. and whenever I see you I feel like Iam in a dream, And when we wake up we will all realize that all this life was nothing but a dream and that only God is whats true and real.. The universe science says was not always there, it had a beginning point, the big bang, meaning it was begun/initiated in other words created, thus there should be a creator, there must be a God. Also, check this out, if you like, this is from Artificial intelligence, chat Gpt: Prophecies in Major World Religious Books Referring to Prophet Mohammed: 1. The Bible - Deuteronomy 18:18-19, John 14:16, John 16:7-14, Isaiah 42:1-13 2. The Hindu Scriptures - Bhavishya Purana, Atharvaveda Book 20 Hymn 127-129 3. The Buddhist Scriptures - Cakkavatti-Sihanada Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya III:61, Digha Nikaya III:76-77 4. The Zoroastrian Scriptures - Zand-i Vohuman Yasht, Farvardin Yasht, Dadestan-i Denig & Regarding the verses in the Quran asking to protect non-believers or polytheists, there are several that emphasize the importance of treating all people with respect and kindness, regardless of their religious beliefs. One such verse is found in Surah Al-Mumtahanah (60:8), which states: "Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." Also In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful (If any of the polytheists seek protection from you, grant him protection) بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم(إن استجارك أحد من المشركين فأجره) Another verse in Surah Al-Anfal (8:61) encourages Muslims to make peace with their enemies, even if they are non-believers or polytheists: "And if they incline to peace, then incline to it also and rely upon Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Knowing." & Regarding the verses in the Quran asking for justice and kindness, there are many such verses throughout the holy book. One example is found in Surah An-Nahl (16:90), which states: "Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and giving to relatives and forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you will be reminded." & In terms of prophecies about Prophet Mohammed in major world religions, there are a few examples that some scholars have pointed to. One such example is found in the Bible's Book of Deuteronomy (18:18), which states: "I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers. And I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him." Some Muslims interpret this verse as a prophecy about Prophet Mohammed. Because the Arabs are the brethren's of Israelites, The Arabs are descendants from Ishmael or Ismail the brother of Isaac the father of Israelites, and because the verse didn't say from amongst them or from their descendants, it said from their brethren's. Similarly, some scholars point to a passage in the Bhavishya Purana, an ancient Hindu text, as a prophecy about Prophet Mohammed. The passage describes a "holy man" who will come from Arabia and spread a new religion, and some argue that this refers to Mohammed and the spread of Islam.. Also search scientific miracles in the quran, harun yahya its nice, One God for all of us he created us all and can revive us again, God initiated everything, & he repeat/redo things too, & thats clear, we see many cycles of different things in life, also in summer for example the desert land becomes like empty and is filled with only sand, and when rain falls in abundance in spring or winter, after that small flowers & wild plants grow again, also, we see how humans and animals grow and how their body is formed from the elements which were in the sand which plants feed on which they eat, and after they die they go to the sand and their atoms/elements are taken by plants which humans & animals eat and their bodies grow from those atoms & elements found in the sand which came from previous humans & animals which died before, so God can bring us again after we die even if our atoms became in the sand he can make us from the same atoms we were made of or from other atoms if he want or make us be in a spirit form or like ghosts, any ways, everything in this life is recycled, learn if you want about the different cycles in life in nature, the food cycle or food chain, the water cycle, even the gas cycle that makes the air the oxygen &carbon dioxide &nitrogen cycles, even the energy is like recycled but only changes from form to another form. Anyways,, God created this life but it's only a temporary sample/an example of a coming everlasting one which could be either in heaven paradise or in hell. If we try to be good humans in life, and try to obey God and his messengers-including the final messenger for all humanity the prophet Mohammed- and those whom rightly represent them, for example imam Ali & ahlulbayt the family/good descendants of the prophet mohammed, then we will all go to heaven/paradise, if not then we will go to hell fire and burn in it forever. keep shining sunshine &spread the light.

@kylebutler7142

8 ай бұрын

True...but Elina skipped over alot of Cleos video which had a couple of small mistakes but if anyone watched from start to finish would see, was very interesting and informative.

Thank you, that was a great counter-balance to the earlier video, which I had seen, and it clarified things for me very well.

@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist

11 ай бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@derrekvanee4567

11 ай бұрын

just wait for the toktik army to request ZNPP meltdown bs who havnt even taken a atomic science 200 class yet...

@Metal0sopher

10 ай бұрын

@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist Good job and thank you for clarifying her misinformation. I've seen many of Cleo's videos before and I need to point out that Cleo Abram is a total and complete grifter. Her videos are scripted by the people promoting the story line. She is just the pretty face actress paid to deliver the lines, because they know on technical issues the audience is mostly male, mostly nerdy, and hook line and sinker easily taken by a pretty girl. Sorry to be blunt, but the truth is the truth. Watch enough of her videos and it will soon become evident that the entirety of any of her videos, is the add. Not all her videos are bad, but I have an issue with people like her portraying a paid commercial as scientific truth. This is part of the problem with all media today. All of them are in it for the profit, not the facts, in fact, the facts are too often tossed aside when the truth is inconvenient.

Would love to learn about the reactor generations and a tour of facilities. Really appreciate you taking the time to share your knowledge.

@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist

10 ай бұрын

Sure thing! Thanks 👩🏽‍🔬☢️

I learnt so much from this, thank you! A real pleasure listening to an expert talking about her own field.

Interesting video. I had always thought that waste recycling had been avoided more for non-proliferation reasons than cost. It's disappointing that dry storage is cheaper than recycling but when put in perspective, I understand why they've taken that approach.

@Umski

11 ай бұрын

Where there's a will there's a way - something tells me cost is merely an excuse, for now at least...

@CrystalLakeEast

11 ай бұрын

"recycling" is actually a BIG misnomer when referring to nuclear waste. There is no recycling. It is actually "RE-PROCESSING". And reprocessing is actually a very dirty, energy intensive, and expensive process. Places that conduct reprocessing activities (like Orano la Hauge, France or Sellafield Cumbria, UK) actually create large secondary radioactive waste streams that are pumped into the ocean. There were several reprocessing efforts in US that didn't do much better, and thus commercial reprocessing efforts in the US were abandoned.

@Umski

11 ай бұрын

@@CrystalLakeEast very good points about being energy intensive - when the transition away from fossils fuels means that the energy used for reprocessing is from clean sources then it might start to become a bit more circular. Even now the amount of fossil fuels it likely takes to build, maintain, fuel and then decommission nuclear plants in general probably makes a sizeable dent in the ‘carbon neutrality’ of nuclear as an energy source…

@danieltempas6062

11 ай бұрын

Well, I made a similar comment above. This is my understanding as well.

@raphaelnej8387

10 ай бұрын

Well digging a hole and putting the waste in it costs nothing as long as there is little waste. Recycling becomes relevant and cost-effective when there is so much waste you can’t afford digging a hole. And putting waste underground only creates a new potential ressources for future generations if our society were to collapse and lose track of its holes.

I have been watching Cleo Abram since she started her channel. I think generally speaking she does a good job of reporting subjects accurately, however, for most of the things she reports on she is not a hobbyist or an expert on the subject so she inevitably is going to make mistakes, even with the intention of being as accurate as possible. It was nice listening to you to point out the errors, add clarification, and add context to what she said. I have a question I would like to ask you. What is the nationality origin of your accent? I am having trouble identifying it. Though I think it sounds lovely regardless.

@caulkins69

11 ай бұрын

I don't think Cleo is doing herself any favors by teaming up with the perpetually-bitter Johnny Harris.

@georges3799

11 ай бұрын

She is Greek.

@p_serdiuk

10 ай бұрын

It's Greek with maybe some Swedish.

@agatastaniak7459

10 ай бұрын

@@p_serdiuk At least the surname tells me she is Greek. What makes anyone with some Greek ancestry feel instantly proud of an intelligent lady she is. ;-)

Just to clarify- the reason it’s expensive to recycle spent fuel, is because of the lack of R&D, and construction. And that issue stems from governments (looking at you, USA) coming up with non-informed opinions of recycling fuel being a security risk, and thereby banning it. Just so everyone understands the real reason we don’t recycle spent fuel.

I like the short version, and then the in depth information you share. People like me need to take baby steps! All of this is so cool.

I really like the Cleo video. Thank you for adding such good info. A gen 4 vs gen 3 video would be great!

What a great review of another popular channel. Peer review makes science work, and I think it can elevate the KZread platform as well. This is my first time seeing your channel, and in looking forward to watching your prior videos, AND BOTH of the suggested videos you mentioned here.

@muten861

10 ай бұрын

She has an bad track record in mixing up scientific feasabilities and real world usecases. She doesnt talk about all sort of difficulties in upscaled nuclear processes, but she is advertising a unfit technology.

Thanks so much for making this video! I loved Cleo's video but it still left me with a couple of unanswered questions, which you've helped address. My curiosity will never be sated however 😅

My brother is a certified (worked in the field at least 5 years) electrical engineer whose specialization is power generation systems, with a focus on nuclear power. He's worked at the San Diego reactor, and more recently, headed up a waste cleanup project with Bechtel at the Hanford Site in WA. I remember when he first learned about nuclear power, he told me and my other brother that pretty much every portrayal The Simpsons made of nuclear power was incorrect minus the fact it's radioactive, and there are cooling towers. He was telling us he blames the media's ignorance and unfounded hysteria over the 3 Mile Island incident, and The Simpsons' anti-nuclear propaganda (which is all founded on the lies around 3 Mile Island), for the negative attitude of a lot of people towards nuclear power. It also doesn't help when Russians and the Japanese take short cuts in build quality or do stupid experiments with their reactors. We would never have a Chernobyl or Fukushima here in the US, because we build our reactors to withstand unbelievably destructive cataclysms, and we don't screw around. Security in these places is top notch. He was telling us about a security drill they had at I think it was the San Diego reactor where they worked with the DoD to test their security. The test was for a Navy Seal team to get to the reactor and "overload" it, on an unannounced day. The Seals managed to succeed, finding a weak spot in the security defenses (they came in through the cooling intake from the ocean, brute-forcing it with cutters. Upon completion of the exercise, the Seals and the nuclear plant security worked on a solution to defend against future breaches. I just thought that was super cool, and its reassuring that security is challenged so weak points are found by our guys rather than foreign enemies. Anyway, the data is very clear that per kilowatt hour, nuclear power is the safest, cleanest, cheapest, proven, and most reliable source of power on the market. I live within about 30 miles of the Hanford reactor, and man, electric is cheap af here. In the summer, when it's 100F-110F outside, I have the AC in my apartment running 65F, as well as a gaming PC and refrigerator, and my electric bill is about $42/mo. In more temperate and colder seasons, it's about $32/mo. I'm gonna miss this cheap energy when I move next year, but, gas where I'm moving to is more than a dollar cheaper than here in WA, and I drive for a living, so while electric is more costly, I'll save a ton of money by having the cheaper gas. Almost all the cost of gas here in WA is state tax. It's goddamn $4.70/gal at the moment. F--- Inslee.

Well done! Added more technical explanation. Cleo did the 'layman' version, and Elina went a bit deeper into the physics. Green Goo is a 'common' representation, she found plenty of examples, not a big deal. Both of these young women give me hope for the future.

A few months ago I read an article about a company that desperately wants to build reprocessing facilities here in the US. They have a relatively simple but ingenious solution to the plutonium problem: keep the plutonium mixed in with other things throughout the whole reprocessing chain. You don't have to worry about pure plutonium if you never isolate it in the first place. Obviously the technology is at least a few years out yet, but I'm as optimistic about this idea as I am about nuclear energy in general.

@nerdyali4154

10 ай бұрын

Plutonium has a VERY long half life and it's not something you really want in your eventual waste.

@jlp1528

10 ай бұрын

@@nerdyali4154 Exactly, but you can leave it mixed into the inevitable fuel product, not the waste. The same principle could apply to minor actinides as well.

@agatastaniak7459

10 ай бұрын

Any source of more information about it? "keep the plutonium mixed in with other things throughout the whole reprocessing chain"; Isn't it a bit too risky? I mean, what would be supposed to be used in such mix? I mean, I might be wrong but it sounds like making actual final waste even more problematic than it would be without it. Unless there is something I don't know of going into this mix. This is why I'm asking.

@jlp1528

10 ай бұрын

@@agatastaniak7459 I found the article I read from CNBC, the company is called Curio. Unfortunately there isn't a lot of information on this specifically. Worse, at least for me, the first Google result for "nuclear waste reprocessing" is a very misleading critique.

“It’s expensive.” If the cost is less than that of storing, maintaining, and securing the current spent fuel for 100,000 years then it is not expensive.

Love your videos! You do a GREAT job breaking this stuff down! I do want to point out that Cleo did clarify in the next couple sentences that nuclear waste is pellets. Maybe she shouldn’t have led with the “green goo” trope, but watching her whole video, she did clarify it, and it seemed like she only brought up that misconception as a way to emphasize to people one of the “lies” about nuclear waste.

Brilliant! I’d love to know more about 4th gen reactors, and also nuclear waste in general. It seems like a lot of stuff termed ‘nuclear waste’ is about as radioactive as a banana, and only a tiny percentage is the hot stuff. Could you do a breakdown of the different types and dangers and things?

I´d love to see you visiting the Finnish waste management plant, and their storage facilities.

The waste material from the reactors makes up a very small part of the nuclear waste we now have. Most of it is ancillary stuff - the materials which became contaminated around the process, like tools, equipment, casings, etc. In Britain, we funded the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority with £100 million. It was used up very quickly making machines which go inside the reactors to cut up the most radioactive parts of the reactor - but when they went wrong they had to stay inside and so then formed part of the highly radioactive waste !!! We spent the money in such a short time and produced more waste with it !!

A good down to earth breakdown of the facts- and a superb presentation!

I would love for you to elucidate the differences between generations, but I would particularly be over the moon to see Finland's methods!

A video on visiting Finland's usage of that Swedish research sounds super interesting! I'm subscribed now. :) Found you here from Cleo's channel, great info, thanks!

I am subscribed to Cleo Abram's and Sabine Hossenfelder's channels as well as yours. I really appreciate your reviewing some of their videos and think you are very good at this. It's almost like a peer review for scientific papers. Thank you for your reviews and explanation to us non-scientists.

There is often NOT a good reason why technologies or ideas are left behind. It's who has the ear of those in power that gets something moved forward or canned. There's a lot of maneuvering, even malfeasance that goes on where the general public doesn't or isn't allowed to see or know.

@agatastaniak7459

10 ай бұрын

Or there is. A political one. And this is the case of a backlash against nuclear power in Europe. I have been saying this for years in my own country but only now decision makers started to listen to actual scientfic arguments regarding this. For my country it's the only good option, so we are vitally interested in informing both our politicians and the general public. And maybe various industries as well. Since stable and safe energy production is a life blood of every economy really.

Wow, I just discovered your channel and am already a fan and subscriber. Looks like I have a lot of old videos to catch up with.

A fantastic response to Cleo's introduction. Thank you very much! I wonder if you have seen the film 'Into Eternity' (2010)? It was the documentary (though a little 'subjective') about Onkalo in Finland. Thanks again!

Thankyou, Elina, for doing this tedious analysis. As an older engineer who's had access at times inside secure areas of a few major reactors, I also find Cleo's presenter skills positive, UNTIL in a third of her videos, my bullshit detector trips several times over half-truths and misrepresented contexts, which are very tedious to sort through. Though I find her polish on graphics and voice over skills easier to view, I find your information and analysis more realistic and trustworthy. That's important in high costs and risks tech fields.

Great video. While watching Cleo Abram's video, I had so many questions. Elina answered them with the practical and technical details I was looking for. Great ideas can be conceived, but the practical implementation in a lot of cases is the big hurdle in the way of making them a reality.

@b22times

9 ай бұрын

i bet it still provides cheaper power than windfarms

Great video! Thank you for explaining it so well. And yes! Please talk about gen 4 reactors.

Fuel reprocessing was a thing in the US. Look up west valley demonstration project, where i did some work building systems to clean up the facility after the owner was told of mandatory upgrades that would make an unprofitable business even worse. Where lots of the technology used to clean up places like hanford was developed.

Thank you for that smart brain stimulation of the day, Elina ! And yes, PLEASE, I would love to see the Finland geological depository sites very much !!

@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist

10 ай бұрын

You got it!☢️👩🏽‍🔬

I would enjoy hearing you discuss the Gen IV reactors being worked on. I myself learned about them because some intrepid soul made a mod for the video game Kerbal Space Program where you could build Gen IV nuclear reactors into your spacecraft. Curious, I put the reactor types into an internet search engine.

@chargehanger

10 ай бұрын

Those new reactors are economically dead, pointless to build. Each kWh costs 4-6x more than any other electricity source. Makes absolutely no economic sense, at all.

@serafine666

10 ай бұрын

@@chargehanger So we give them the same cushy treatment as "green" energy and get a better mousetrap.

@admiralkaede

9 ай бұрын

at first but as more are built they will become more efficient and cheaper everything starts off expensive@@chargehanger

Kinda underhanded to cut out the part where Cleo explains that no, nuclear waste isn't green goo. Before I, an everyday joe, started looking up nuclear energy *I* believed the green goo waste and that's what most peeps do.

Thank you for the detailed explanation and putting context behind the possibilities. Subscribed.

It's only a matter of time before we develop an economic way to recycle it. Even if it's not all re-fueled, {non fuel grade beta emitters could be used to produce light in govt. facilities for instance}. The more we learn about radioactivity the more we will be able to use it.

For anyone interested in learning more about the underground storage facilities in Finland mentioned by Elina, there is a really good documentary called 'Into Eternity' (I believe it can be watched on KZread). I can't talk about the possible accuracies or inaccuracies of the film, but as a layman I found it an interesting watch when it aired on UK TV in the mid-2010s (I believe it aired under the title 'Nuclear Eterinty').

@agatastaniak7459

10 ай бұрын

Thank you for recommendations. Yes, many people seem to have vital interest in this topic. And for a very good reason.

Glad the algorithm decided to show me your video! Very informative, and I quite liked your presentation. Happily became a subscriber!

Great to have specialists looking at these videos

You have to be easy on Cleo when she said her idea of nuclear waste is the classic green slush. All she meant was it how it's been portrayed in pop culture. Even I only realized that nuclear fuel and nuclear waste actually looked like cylindrical pellets.

@andoletube

10 ай бұрын

You don't actually have to go easy on that. Nobody actually believes nuclear waste is green and glowing - they are aware that it's fiction used for comical purposes, like in the Simpsons. Therefore, stating that it's the prevailing cultural belief is disingenuous because everybody is in on the joke. Cleo gets plenty of things wrong in her videos exactly because she isn't that fastidious about her research. She caters to an audience that will not cross check what she says because they are into easily digestible infotainment that doesn't require them to learn anything further. The goal is to watch it, say "wow" and then go away feeling like they're a bit smarter. I find her content to be exceedingly inane.

@czarcoma

10 ай бұрын

@@andoletube I am not sure that NOBODY actually thinks nuke waste is green glowing goop. Just as I can't be sure if Cloe's statement of actually believing nuke waste as glowing green goop as accurate. But if Cloe's videos can at least start someone to have a change of opinion or at least start thinking, then it's done its job.

@summerlove7779

10 ай бұрын

The problem is that people who don't have any idea about anything scientific or how our universe works make videos about science, like Cleo and Johnny Harris. And naive people who watch those videos believe whatever they hear or want to hear.

@czarcoma

10 ай бұрын

@@summerlove7779 hence the prefix "I used to think it was this". Then they proceed to show what nuclear waste actually looks based on their research. The whole point of their videos is to correct the wrong notions from pop culture and make things more understandable.

@andoletube

10 ай бұрын

@@czarcoma When they say "I feel like..." that many times, they are really not getting to the heart of anything - except what they feel like.

Great video. You added some interesting context to Cleo's video. I would enjoy seeing you explore some of the topics you raised (4th gen, storage alternatives...) in the future. I'd also like more insight into why the recycling options aren't cost effective. It makes intuitive sense, but a more quantitative look would be interesting along with a review of emerging approaches. One point of constructive feedback: I don't honestly think that Cleo believes that nuclear waste is "green goo." I think she was just starting with a recognition of the popular representation of waste in film and tv and trying to start on a lighthearted note. It came across as "nuclear physicist-splaining" and started your otherwise great video off on the wrong note. I always enjoy your videos. Keep up the great work. The world needs to understand that it's time to move past the fear and recognize that fission can be a huge contributor to our move to a carbon neutral future.

Fantastic! Elina does a terrific job and we really need her. Great work Elina!

As a retired nuclear engineer and USNRC SRO holder for 20 yrs, you’re doing great work! Great to see the industry is in capable hands! 😊

Thanks for the great extra information! One thing I'd love to learn more about though is the question: Is it really cheaper to buy new uranium AND pay for the storage of the waste as opposed to recycling the waste? Or is the cost for storage just taken out of the equation because energy companies don't have to pay for it (maybe the tax payer does...?). If the latter is true, then recycling could be made cost effective by "just fixing" a couple of laws instead of finding fancy business models? Thanks again for the great insights!

Please do a video on gen 4 reactors.

I learned so much. Thank you for great content!

Somewhat true for both of you. I have heard from multiple sources: that much of the nuclear waste in the USA (we don't reprocess our waste) can be placed in the blanket of a molten salt thorium reactor and then used to produce more heat and electricity. The advantage is that it would reduce the nuclear waste storage time from 10,000 years to 300 or 500 years. (some sources have said 300 years while others are saying 500 years. Can you tell me what the discrepancy or disagreement is over the variations in years. Hint, I am not a nuclear engineer or have extensive nuclear knowledge, so Keep It Simple Stupid or KISS in your explanation) I hear that France reprocesses their nuclear plant waste. Is this true?

It would be interesting to hear more about Japan releasing tritium water into the ocean

@agatastaniak7459

10 ай бұрын

Yes, latest hot topic. Worth to disspell the doubts of people around the world. Since it is doing a lot of harm to entire sector of nuclear energy production in general. People deserve to get a well-balanced scientific analysis of this situation and of all facts involved.

1:04 Elina, I don't think Cleo was saying that Nuclear waste was the Green Stuff "she thought it was" , in her video, she explained what you "debunked" , so you are both right 👍🏽.... Nuclear waste is relatively "small" rods, pellets, vs. The tons of C.O. 2 we put in the atmosphere

This was an excellent review. Would definitely appreciate a video on Gen 4 nuclear reactors. Thanks!

You lost me when you arrogantly dismissed her reference to a Simpson’s joke about t green goo. Apparently you don’t like people with a sense of humor. Also you arrogantly criticized her for not already knowing that waste had energy content. Most people don’t know that, and Cleo is a reporter who researches stories of which she has no prior knowledge. That’s what reporters do. Her technique is engaging and very educational. You can refute things she got wrong without insulting her.

Thank you! That was informative and helpful. Greatly appreciated.

*Summary* - *Intro* - 0:00: Introduction to reviewing Cleo Abram's video "The Big Lie about Nuclear Waste." - 0:05: Curiosity about the "big lie" mentioned in the video. - 0:10: Link to Cleo Abram's full video provided in the description. - 0:14: Beginning the review to discover what the "big lie" is. - *The Big Lie* - 0:26-0:54: Discussion about a 1962 nuclear reactor that uses nuclear waste for electricity production. - 1:00-1:22: Comments on the misconception of nuclear waste as glowing green goo in yellow barrels. - 1:28-2:58: Historical context of nuclear reactors, starting from the first reactor in Chicago, and mentioning the second reactor in Tennessee. - 3:03-4:20: Insight into the potential of nuclear waste as a clean energy resource, and the economic factors hindering its use. - 4:28-5:03: Future prospects of nuclear waste recycling when uranium becomes scarce. - *Recycling* - 5:10-7:25: Discussion about countries like France recycling nuclear waste and reducing its radioactivity and volume. - 7:33-9:46: The cost-effectiveness issue in recycling nuclear waste and the potential of Generation 4 reactors. - *Natural Reactors* - 7:52-8:20: Reference to a naturally occurring nuclear reactor in central Africa. - 8:26-9:01: Possibility of using existing nuclear waste in the U.S. for energy production for 150 years. - *Nuclear Reaction* - 11:32-13:23: Explanation of the nuclear fission process using neutrons, and the generation of radioactive elements. - *Dry Casks* - 13:28-13:57: Current storage of nuclear waste in dry casks in the U.S., not designed for long-term storage. - *Long Term Storage* - 14:07-15:25: Approaches to long-term nuclear waste storage in countries like Sweden and Finland. - *Jimmy Carter* - 18:19-19:44: President Jimmy Carter's policies halting nuclear recycling due to proliferation concerns and the shift to light water reactors. - *Conclusion* - 19:51-21:27: Reflection on the potential of recycling nuclear waste, overcoming fears, and the role of technology in improving lives. Encouragement for more public education and understanding of nuclear power. *Summary of top comments* as of 2023-12-30 (310k views, 12k likes, 1552 comments) - *Appreciation for the Video and Requests for Future Content* - Many viewers expressed appreciation for the informative nature of the video and requested more content on specific topics, especially on Generation 4 reactors, the differences between reactor generations, and tours of nuclear waste storage facilities. - Some comments indicated a desire for deeper dives into nuclear waste, including the breakdown of its types, dangers, and comparisons of various reactor models. - *Discussion of Cleo Abram's Video and Nuclear Waste Topics* - Several comments acknowledged the value of Cleo Abram's video in making nuclear topics accessible to the general public, with some noting that it helps dispel common misconceptions. - Commenters expressed interest in the potential of nuclear waste recycling and its economic viability, emphasizing the need for public education on nuclear power. - There were discussions about the representation of nuclear waste in popular media, with some viewers pointing out the common misconception of nuclear waste as "green goo." - *Interest in Technical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Power* - Viewers showed curiosity about the technical details of nuclear reactors, including the economic factors affecting the adoption and development of nuclear technologies. - Some comments focused on the economics of nuclear power, questioning whether recycling waste is more cost-effective than using new uranium and dealing with waste storage. - *Concerns about Nuclear Power and Recycling* - A few comments raised concerns about nuclear waste recycling, including the potential for nuclear proliferation and the challenges posed by current technologies. - There were mentions of the hurdles in implementing advanced nuclear technologies, with a focus on overcoming governmental and regulatory obstacles. - *Feedback on the Reviewer's Approach and Expertise* - Several viewers praised the reviewer for providing expert insights and additional context to the topics discussed in Cleo Abram's video. - Some comments expressed gratitude for the clear and understandable explanation of complex nuclear physics topics, making them accessible to a wider audience. - *General Comments and Observations* - A pinned comment expressed admiration for the reviewer's "NUCuLAr" T-shirt and inquired about its availability. - There were general expressions of support for the reviewer's work in educating the public about nuclear power and its implications.

Thank you for simplifying an otherwise complex topic. Keep up the good work. cheers.

I have worked in the Äspö laboratorium as well as Onkalo repository in Finland. I have also worked at various nuclear power plants in Sweden. If you can get in to Onkalo, and can make a video about it, it will be very nice! It's a really cool place! I enjoyed your video on Äspö. I saw a lot of my work in your video!

@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist

3 ай бұрын

Thanks great to hear! Thanks for the info ⚛️☢️👩🏽‍🔬

The content is good As someone who works for a laboratory in the UK, I greatly appreciate it. Please continue creating such fantastic content

Thank you so very much for doing this. It is a great weight off my mind to hear a expert in the field voice. Their opinions on what’s being said on KZread.

Great video and fantastic information. Thank you for the breakdown!

I really liked this video and found it very interesting. Thanks for making it! I'm looking forward to watching more of your content.

Perfect, I hated that video with the so called scientist because of how dumb she thought we were

Thanks for the very informative video, as always. And to answer your question, YES! I would enjoy watching a video about nuclear waste repository in Finland. It would be nice if could actually see what is going on there, if they will give you permission to film it :)

I feel that you responded to the video without watching the entire thing. She explained exactly why recycling was outlawed and then, because of the cascading effects of that law, why the expense has been driven up. In essence you really agreed with her. Also, you probably don't visualize "green goo", but there is a large portion of people that are not educated in nuclear processes, that do visualize that way.

Bravo! Great comment on a really complex subject that beyond all science has so many social, economical, political and military implications. Wasn't aware of that at all even though I follow Cleo for a long time already...thanks!

Wonderful video, thank you! And yes, I would love to see a video contrasting the different generations of nuclear reactors, cheers!

Brilliant....thankyou for talking us thru in simple terms, i learned alot👌👍

Stumbled upon your site…love the persona, the message and the drive! To be commended. We must start collectively doing what this woman is doing and supporting those that are trying to make this world better.

Great review and excellent information! Thank you!

Great breakdown to understand more the nuclear nuances and process. Subscribed!

Hey, I'm glad the almighty algorithm for recommended this video! As a high school chemistry teacher, I'm always looking for good enrichment material for students interested in nuclear topics. I'm excited to check out more of your content. Thank you!

Hello Elina!.. love your channel.. your commentary about nuclear waste and reuse .. we need to get the word out!!

Nice review. Thank you for adding your own perspective. :)

Absolutely informative. Thank you for your thoughts and the sharing of your knowledge.

I absolutely love your videos! The KZread algorithm actually brought me to Julia‘s video months ago. It was excellent to view this video afterwards. Very informative..

Very informative. Nice to hear an explanation from someone who is an expert in the field. If you haven't covered it yet, I would like to see a video about design flaws in nuclear reactors that caused accidents in the past & how new designs can avoid nuclear meltdown. On a tangent, you look great in the outfit at 2:01.

Love the video. I am looking forward to see you debunk every unscientific myth on the internet.

Thank you for debunking such happy-go-lucky stories