0:00 - 29:40 When a cell is irreversibly damaged, either it undergoes necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis always follows pathological cell injury by toxins, radiations, trauma, hypoxia. Apoptosis may be physiological (during embryogenesis) or pathological. NECROSIS: Necrosis is a series of morphological changes in a lethally and irreversibly injured cell. These changes may be recognized by light microscope only after a few hours. When cell is lethally injured, it cannot produce ATPs. Reserve of ATPs run out. In case of hypoxia, pyruvic acid produced from glucose cannot enter Krebs cycle. So they get converted into lactic acid. So intracellular environment becomes acidic. And structural and functional proteins get denatured. This will translate into morphological changes in cell. There is also enzymatic digestion of severely injured cell. a. These enzymes are from burst lysosomes.(autolysis) b. And also may be from inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages. These enzymes also may be from proliferating microbes (Heterolysis) So causes of morphological changes: a. Enzymatic digestion b. Denaturation of proteins c. Loss of integrity of plasma membrane. Intracellular components leaks out and injure surrounding cells. This causes inflammation at the site. This will summon the leucocytes. This process does not happen in apoptosis. The summoned leucocytes eat the cell debris and produce factors that cause proliferation of cells at the site for repair or conversion of fibrocyte into fibroblast. DEATH OF PATIENT IMMEDIATELY AFTER LETHAL CELL INJURY: For example, a person dies within an hour of severe myocardial ischemia. The section of heart under light does not show necrotic changes. Because necrotic changes take some hours to manifest and can happen only in a live person. Other sign like plaque in coronary artery sections and past MI scars may be seen in dead person. However, in this case, because of loss of membrane integrity, intracellular myocardial proteins may leak in to blood and act as evidence of myocardial death. These proteins may be cardia Troponin T, cardiac Troponin I, CK-MB. These markers are also used to diagnose MI in live persons. ECG can also be used. If the person were to live, local inflammation would be produced and leucocytes would be summoned forming a necrotic picture and later fibrosis would have occurred at the site of necrosis. 29:40 - 49:30 MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN NECROSIS: Normally cytoplasmic proteins bind eosinophillic stain. Ribosomes binds hemotoxyllin. DNA is basophilic and binds hematoxyllin. After irreversible injury, light microscopic changes seen are 1. Cell becomes intensely eosinophillic because a. Denatured intracellular proteins unfold and bind more eosinophil and cell becomes intensely eosinophillic. b. Disintegration of basophilic ribosomes. 2. Moth eaten appearance due to digestion of organalles and unstained pockets. 3. Granularity present in normal because of glycogen granules. 4. During necrosis, glycogen granules are lost and cell appearance becomes glassy and homogenous 5. Myelin figures are formed which are whorled phospholipid membrane formed from disintegrated membrane of organelles and cell. These will be ultimately be cleared by macrophages or undergo dystrophic calcification since they are difficult to digest. Ultra structural changes under Electron Microscope: 1. Plasma and organelle membrane discontinuity 2. Mitrochondrial swelling. 3. Amorphous bodies inside mitochondria 4. Intracellular myelin figures 5. Cytoplasmic amorphous deposits which are denatured proteins. DNA is also digested by DNAases Nuclear changes during necrosis may be any one of the following types 1. Karyolysis: Gradual disappearance of nucleus by gradual digestion of nuclear material 2. Pyknosis: Nucleus becomes intensely condensed and 3. Karyorrhexis: Nucleus becomes condensed and fragmented 49:30 - 1:20:12 DIFFERENT TYPES OF NECROSIS Coagulative necrosis: Hallmark: Maintenance of cellular architecture for few days but nucleus is lost within 1 or 2 days. Both structural and functional proteins undergo denaturation simultaneously. So enzymes are also denatured. So enzymatic digestion does not occur. So autolysis cannot occur. Example: Myocardial Infarction, Severe hypoxic injury of Spleen, Kidney, Liver Localised areas of coagulative necrosis is called infarct. After a few days, heterolysis by neutrophils and macrophages occurs. Brain cannot undergo coagulative necrosis. Liquefactive Necrosis: Severe hypoxia of brain causes liquefactive necrosis. Cellullar architecture not maintained. Enzymatic digestion occurs here( autolysis). Also heterolysis occurs by leucocytes and microbes. Other examples: necrosis by infection. Why do neutrophils come early than mcrophages? a. The chemotactic factors produced at first attract neutrophils. That which attract monocytes are produces later. b. Neutrophils are abundant c. Neutrophils are mobile In the later part of inflammation, macrophages are abundant than neutrophils. PUS: It is a product of liquefactive necrosis constitutes of alive, dead and dying local cells, microbes and neutrophils all covered with protein rich inflammatory exudates. ABCESS: Localised pus formation. Center of the collection consists of dead local cells, microbes, neutrophils. This is surrounded by active and alive local cells, microbes and neutrophils. This is further surrounded by blood vessels that is dilated and permeable. And finally, the periphery is made of fibrotic tissue and proliferating local tissue

@ujjwalx3438

Жыл бұрын

Thanks man It really helps🤩

@crobster8668

Жыл бұрын

Very very useful... Thank you so... much mam..

@user-bt4kb7wz1t

7 ай бұрын

Thanks man it's really helpful

@74.bhaskerpodila90

7 ай бұрын

Tqs a lot....Mam 🙏🙏🙏

@AhmedAmeen-ek2fn

5 ай бұрын

Where are u study bro

I watched the video because I thought it was about studying apoptosis in detail, but the wonderful explanation of necrosis prevented me from leaving until the end!❤

@DoctorNajeeb

9 ай бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!

Thank you for videos. I am a nursing student who just wants to know more and I really appreciate your in-depth videos and much respect.

The best teacher l have ever seen , Allah protects you Dr. Najeeb . We are waiting for the rest of necrosis types 🙏🏻

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

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Fantastic teacher being a physiotherapist i also like watch dr najeeb sir lectures brilliant teacher✌👍💞

Dr Nejeeeb Thankyou my Lecture and My senior Faithfulness

You're a good professor. You make each point in lecture clear I'm Egyptian medical student

@DoctorNajeeb

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There is no need of further explanation after Dr Najeeb lecture 👏👏

I always search for dr najeeb sir lecture if am not clear with some concept. God bless u dr❤

thank you Dr.

I humbly Thank you Respected Sir💕..May Allah Almighty bless U with His uncountable blessings.Ameen

@DoctorNajeeb

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Hello dear doctor ! Really exceptional ❤️ lectures, God bless you ! Love from Iran 🇮🇷 🙏🌹

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Жыл бұрын

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Best teacher in world,god bless you sir

@DoctorNajeeb

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Love you sir you are excellent teacher.

It is literally best explanation i have studied in my whole 2nd year ❤

@DoctorNajeeb

5 ай бұрын

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You are the father of medicine as I think

@DoctorNajeeb

5 ай бұрын

Thank you for your love

Thanks alot for the Lectures .

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Glad you like them! HAPPY LEARNING ❤️

Love And Respect for you Sir 💖

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you for all the love and respect dear❤ Stay blessed ❤

Thank

MASTER OF MEDICAL SCIENCES💝DR NAJEEB WE LOVE U💝💝

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you for all the love and support❤️ Keep supporting❤️

Thank you sir

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Most welcome❤ Stay blessed ❤

Thank you sir 💝.....

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Most welcome

Tnxkiyou sir ji u are the great ❤❤❤

Best teacher in the world❤

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

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Sir my big wish in my whole life is that I want to meet you in my life sir you are really legend I sir still waiting for your new lecture 😘

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

So nice of you. Stay blessed ❤️

Very very thanks sir... 🙏❤❤

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Most welcome❤

My GREAT TEACHER

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you❤ Stay blessed ❤

Is it true that Necrotic cells do not generate ATP in the intracellular space?

‌thank you so much for your best videos🙏I want lecture videos about typhoid Fever 🙏

Sir, i am watching your lectures from class 9th....today I am in class 11th and I am still watching your lectures.Your lectures helps me a lot... especially in my 11th class..... Sir, I am very thankful to you....💜💜...

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

All the best for your future endeavors ❤️

thank you doctor my negrosis has been acting up lately this has helped me out with that pesky negrosis

Too much love from Delhi guru ji🙏🏻❤

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you for your love and support❤

Thankyou 100%

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The best forever ❤❤

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thanks for the love and support 💖

Sir 🔥

It's a blessing to be able to listen to your class dear Sir😊❣️

@DOCTORLUFFY.

Жыл бұрын

Are u in ist year mbbs

Nice lecture sir.watching from mardan

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thanks and welcome 💝

Love from Kashmir sir u are the best

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Love you more ❤️

Thanku sir ji

@DoctorNajeeb

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You are welcome❤

@robinafayaz5848

4 ай бұрын

Best lecture

Very good👍👍👍 teaching...

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you❤ Stay blessed ❤

Happy holidays professor

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Happy holidays!

Watching from kashmir ... love you so

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Love you more ❤️ Stay blessed 💖

Thank you so much Dr.Najeeb and happy holidays, where can I find the other part of necrosis (caseous, gangrenous, fibroid)?

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Please Visit at www.DrNajeebLectures.com You can find lectures on Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine.

@mingles179

10 ай бұрын

​@@DoctorNajeebsir can't find it

@mingles179

10 ай бұрын

Did you find the video? Pls let me know

Nice class

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thanks 🙏

Love you dear sir 😘 ❤️

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Love you more dear❤ Keep supporting❤

Perfect👍🏻 Excuse me is there are videos for all general pathology chapters?

@DoctorNajeeb

2 ай бұрын

Please visit the website to get full video library access. www.drnajeeblectures.com/

Happy teachers day ....dear sir.....may almighty god bless you and your family endlessly....

@DoctorNajeeb

9 ай бұрын

Thank you for your kind words❤

@shiflabanu8946

9 ай бұрын

​@@DoctorNajeeb sir, i have a doubt...is the following stem T/F - The light microscopy changes precede ultra structural changes during necrosis

May Allah Give you 100 year lifespan 🤲

@DoctorNajeeb

5 ай бұрын

Thank you for your love and support❤ Stay blessed ❤

I find your basic lectures of medical science free where should I search for it: please help me sir

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Please Visit at www.DrNajeebLectures.com You can find lectures on Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine.

Sir .may Allah protect you from evil eyes Amin suma amin

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for kind prayers. ❤️

What is inflammation

You are best teacher for we all student.... Thanks for this best lecture 😊 ..

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

It's my pleasure❤ Keep supporting ❤

What is necrosis❤

The meaning of life

Thank you so much sir,god bless you 👍🙏👌😊🤗

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Most welcome❤

Please allow the subscription for one year only and reduce the price... We want to leaen truely from sir and we cant afford this price though it is life time

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

contact at Support@drnajeeblectures.com

@sajabaniyasin1813

Жыл бұрын

@@DoctorNajeeb form is restricted on website and can’t contact you! What should we do ?

🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

❤❤

Waw

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Thank you ❤❤

🙏👍

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

❤❤

Sir cancer pe lectures hai aapka

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

You can find lectures at our website at : www.drnajeeblectures.com

❤❤🙏🙏🙏🙏

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

❤❤

Thank you sir

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

You are welcome ❤

Thank you so much Sir😍

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Most welcome

thank you sir

@DoctorNajeeb

Жыл бұрын

Most welcome❤ Stay blessed ❤