Forgetting sun protection: Sun exposure is one of the main triggers for melasma. UV rays stimulate melanocytes (cells that produce pigment), leading to increased pigmentation in melasma-affected areas. Forgetting to apply sunscreen or not reapplying it throughout the day can worsen melasma.
Using home remedies/DIY treatments: While some home remedies may seem harmless, ingredients like lemon and toothpaste can actually aggravate melasma. Lemon contains citric acid, which can be too harsh for sensitive skin and may lead to inflammation and increased pigmentation. Toothpaste often contains abrasive ingredients that can irritate the skin and worsen melasma.
Waxing the area: Waxing can cause inflammation and trauma to the skin, which can trigger melasma or worsen existing pigmentation. Additionally, pulling the wax off can disrupt the skin's barrier, making it more susceptible to UV damage.
Self-treating with steroid, mercury, hydroquinone-based creams: While some people may try to treat melasma with over-the-counter creams containing steroids, mercury, or hydroquinone, these ingredients can have adverse effects if not used properly. Steroids can thin the skin and lead to rebound pigmentation, while mercury can be toxic and hydroquinone, if used incorrectly, can cause skin irritation and ochronosis (a bluish-black discoloration of the skin).
Using harsh exfoliants that can irritate the skin: Exfoliating the skin is important for removing dead skin cells and promoting cell turnover, but using harsh exfoliants like scrubs with rough particles or chemical exfoliants with high concentrations can irritate the skin and exacerbate melasma. It's important to choose gentle exfoliants and use them sparingly, especially in melasma-prone areas.