I currently intend to make a lab equipment video. I recently got a donation of expensive lab equipment (rotovap, vacuum aspirator, water chiller) and i'd like to show them since amateurs rarely get to see or use such equipment.

@warmonger12z

Жыл бұрын

That's a very generous donation - where did it come from?

@cake4919

Жыл бұрын

@NurdRage That would be awesome! Btw, about the amateur-accessible anion exchange membrane that you briefly discussed wanting to make in your video, someone has already made a video on making these, multiple videos in fact, with various different membranes displayed. His channel name is mysteriousbhoice and the channel is pretty obscure but he probably has the best electrochemistry channel on youtube. Here is a recent video of him making an anion exchange membrane, and I highly recommend checking out many of his other videos kzread.info/dash/bejne/rJaKz5aHdtW9erA.html Also, if you ever do get a large enough collection of analytical equipment it would make for an interesting lab equipment video to explain and display analytical equipment such as NMR, spectrophotometer, UV-VIS, FT-IR, etc.

@LucaLBO495

Жыл бұрын

🎉

@fireveno

Жыл бұрын

Can nafion work for multivalent atoms like aluminum? Can this whole experiment be done in a way to drive aluminum atoms to a electrode?

@OldShatterham

Жыл бұрын

I would definitely look forward to that!

Glad to see you're still at it. You were the first chemistry KZreadr I ever watched and you started off one hell of an addiction.

@chrisweatherley9587

Жыл бұрын

Ditto... iodine tincture to I2. Back when i was a bit naughty 20yr ago. Now I'm downright evil and wanna know what happens when you throw phenyalanine in that thing.

OH MY GOD YOU ARE BACK 🤗🤗🤗

I'm not a chemist, and love your videos. Thank you 💖

As always enlightening video! If you can't get nafion, a clay pot works as well for making acids or bases. Make sure it's not glazed, and plug the hole at the bottom if there is one. I've gotten up to 4.5M NaOH from baking soda and 1M sulfuric acid from Epsom salt. The anion/cation you want to separate from the salt will diffuse back a bit, but the solution will be still pure because (HCO3)- is repelled from the cathode and Mg2+ is repelled from the anode. Harry from Scrap Science has more on that!

@CatboyChemicalSociety

Жыл бұрын

or ionomer cement which is deionizer resin mixed with cement and casted and this works just like nafion.

@francisjahera1150

3 ай бұрын

What voltage do you use?

@Kevin-jz9bg

3 ай бұрын

​@@francisjahera1150 For better yield, It's the current that matters more. I set mine power supply to constnat 3-4 amps, and with my electrode sizes and pot geometry, was about 4-5V for the lye and 6-9V for sulfuric acid. So basically, 5V should be fine. Crank it up if it's too slow for your liking, turn it down if your electrodes start to degrade.

Great to see you get some videos out again. never miss one. keep up the great work.

Glad to see you back after so long

Wow two videos in a week. Glad to see more content from you again!

@PepekBezlepek

Жыл бұрын

wait I missed one?? :O

Another brilliant Nurdrage original video. So glad to see that you're still producing even if it's just working with vintage footage :-) I've been binge watching the sodium production and water purification videos again and again to tide me over, I'm going through a tough time myself, I know I'll never be a chemist or anything close to your level but when I watch and listen to Nurdrage I can briefly feel smarter than I probably am, there's something oddly comforting in there. Thanks from a loyal fan.

so happy to see you back

I am very glad you are back, I always find your videos engaging.

Great to see a new video! That's one insane membrane!

2 videos in a week. A blessing indeed 😌

The Return of the King! Good to see you back!

I'm jazzed that you're back after the nearly year-long hiatus. I love these videos

So glad to see you back NurdRage! Lots of good vibes!

Awesome new video; soon as I saw it, I pressed play. Fascinating as always.

It's great that you're back!!

Welcome back! Hope to see more videos soon

Return of the King

I remember the good old days back in high school when I "borrowed" chemicals and equipment from chem class so I could go replicate NurdRage experiments in a shack in the backyard. I remember being elated to synthesize nitric acid with sodium nitrate, copper and hydrochloric acid. I did it for my love of chemistry. Thanks for another good video and hope to see more! Keep it up.

I follow your channel from the early start. Nice to hear from you again.

Very cool and useful . Of course most people in the us can get it OTC with little hassle , but , others may not be so fortunate . There is always metathesis by reacting calcium hydroxide with sodium carbonate . Calcium hydroxide is easy to make if you have fire , limestone , steel vessels and patience . So that would make an interesting video going from driveway gravel and washing powder , to sodium hydroxide .

You have no idea how happy I am to see that you're back.

I've been wanting to do this for a long while. Thank you

Always appreciated.

love seeing uploads from you

Glad you're back nurdRage. Thank you :)

So glad to see your videos again! 😁

Thanks; I am trying to think of more exotic compounds that could be made, but maybe that's on your list. Cheers, Mark

Another really good video; keep 'em coming.

Great video! Thanks to you I have bought small piece of Nafion. I can get NaOH easily but the process here is so interesting that I just had to buy the Nafion to see and expolore the process. All my years with chemistry both at university and job now and I never heard of Nafion (well we had some little info about membranes in general but not this black magic, dark arts thingy called Nafion) before you have presented it to me. Thank you so much for this video!

2 videos in 2 days you're spoiling us

Hello. Nice to see you again. I was waiting for your videos. Plz keep uploading more videos. We love your contents

I actual play around with the idea of creating a diy exchange membrane from water softening beads a while ago.

@JehuMcSpooran

Жыл бұрын

Do it! It would be epic if you could make your own PEM for fuel cells

@CatboyChemicalSociety

Жыл бұрын

I have a video on that called ionomer cement where you put them in a blender and mix them with cement powder.

This will certainly be useful for my RV lab.

I love your content. It seems scientific like yours on KZread is getting less frequent... I'm so glad you're back and I hope you're doing well!

It was an excellent video, an excellent technical explanation, your video was liked here in Brazil

Wow! 2 videos in like 3 days. Nice.

Super! Thank you very much!

This is one my favorite channel I learn a lot from this, thanks for sharing nice idea on how making sodium hydroxide love it..

2 videos in the span of a couple days!? we have been blessed

Excellent work.

HE’S BACK BABY

Hello again! I feel completely stupid when watching these videos but can't stop, science is so fascinating.

Very cool video, your last statement made me laugh "I can't get sodium hydroxide but I can get Nafion"

Finally u're back

The Nurd is back in town! Cool!

He is back!

Was hoping to see this very video

Yesss, a new Nurdrage video :)

Crazy if you had this great video sitting on a harddrive for ten years.

I always enjoy your videos. I took a chemistry in highschool to see chemistry like this. The highschool class turned out to be a math class in disguise.

welcome back 😀

i'm well versed in chemistry but the lil chem kid i was bounces in joy seeing the concentrated sodium hydroxide solution defy osmosis and gravity and just pump itself up into the collection vessel. Its magic seeing that, i love it. Lime, Ca(OH)2, is a dirt cheap construction material. You can turn salt into sodium hydroxide and chlorinated lime, CaCl(OCl), two essential deep-cleaning compounds, one capable to create soap, the other a desinfectant, this is very powerful technology for for instance a field hospital in rural Africa equipped with solar panels.

Thanks for sharing

Cool. Thank you!

Beautifull.

Last time I looked into this, the 3M website listed ionic exchange membranes as like $300/inch^2, so I haven't thought about them in 7 years.

I had a go at this, made a perspex assembly very similar to yours. Just having trouble getting it to syphon out of the cathode chamber, may have to mess around with my initial liquid levels.

Interesting! Thanks...

Long time no see !!

Awesome - Very glad to see you back in Action ! Nafion looks like an extremely useful product. How does it tolerate organic solvents ? - i'll investigate this time instead of just asking dumb questions.

@ajjdgj6tmgedvnmtmek

Жыл бұрын

Tolerates aprotic polar solvents well, and solvents like DMSO and DMF are commonly used.

More vids from you my man!!!

2 NurdRage videos in a week? You are spoiling us, kind sir. :P

I've tried this type of electrolysis(but using clay pot as membrane) and made some H2SO4 from Na2SO4 solution. I'm really glad to see you do such type of experiments! Awsome vid as always! ❤️❤️❤️

@xxxm981

Жыл бұрын

Won´t that just dissolve the pot?

@heisenbergstayouttamyterri1508

Жыл бұрын

@@xxxm981 I saw some spots on the pot so it does corrode the pot a little. But still, is VERY SLOW. You can try shitload of times before you will finally destroy your pot. For more info, go to the channel "Scrap Science".

@xxxm981

Жыл бұрын

@@heisenbergstayouttamyterri1508 Did you ever measure your yield?

@heisenbergstayouttamyterri1508

Жыл бұрын

@@xxxm981 Sadly, no. At that time I couldn't coz I didn't have the required instruments to measure the yield. But I was able to test and confirm that it was H2SO4. Like CO2 was released when it was mixed with Sodium carbonate and produced Barium Sulfate precipitate when mixed with soluble barium salts. It contained a very minimal amount of Na+ ions that somehow leaked but was too low to interfere in any reaction.

🎉 very cool 🎉

hi @NurdRage, have you thought about designing a "salt separator" which makes NaOH on one side and HCl on the other side? maybe pass the H and Cl through a quartz tube with a UV LED shining through it so the small amounts of gas (on-demand, or as it's produced in real-time so there's no buildup danger) combine in water vapor and precipitate as an acid? the idea of a contraption that electrically produces high PH on one side and low PH on the other side seems it could be useful

Highly concentrated hot NaOH does etch teflon, diluting might make sense

I made some time ago sodium hydroxide with the elctrolysis of sodium chloride. As a membrane I used a clay pot and as electrodes I used carbon rods from 6volt carbon zinc batteries for the anode and just some random copper wire for the cathode. It worked, but it took 20 HOURS TO GET 7 GRAMS. Do yeah it wasnt really efficient or a good way to make it. Also I used a variable 300w power supply as my power supply. I limited the current to about 8amps when it got that high.

Great video ! A question @7:18 - if you do this electrolysis with table salt NaCl why doesn´t it produce HCl at the anode to a lower extent, next to the O2 and H3O+ and Cl2 (Cl- and H3O+)?

@NurdRage

Жыл бұрын

it does actually!, but as the pH gets lower and lower, chlorine formation becomes the dominant reaction.

@Ewr42

Жыл бұрын

@@NurdRage so there's a way to make HCl and NaOH at the same time by using table salt and sodium bicarbonate?(assuming both sides somehow aren't able to combine back into salt and water, ofc) Or would it inevitably be a way to turn sodium bicarbonate into table salt and make a lot of chlorine, but with extra steps? (Ik my questions are pretty stupid, but what if you took them seriously anyway just as an exercise in basic chemistry logic to explain me what side reactions are instead of actually treating me like a clueless kid(wish I had that as an available excuse, but I'm just clueless) that's just curious about what happens when you mix every chemical In sight and zap it with electricity? Like, just for fun? Lol)

Nurdrage has said "sodium" so many times, he's got it down to one syllable to save time.

@voidedspace5510

Жыл бұрын

LOL

Hey, could you do a video about pinacol synthesis using nafion membrane and electrochemistry. I'd love to see that reaction.

Good job. What kind of membrane you used?

Are you still gonne make your improved chlorate cell?

Great experiment! How many volts were needed to push that one amp through the Nafion membrane?

Hi NurdGuy.. instead of the membrain could you just use an ion exchange resin to absorbe the stuff you dont want?

Actuallllly, i had heard of a similar method of usimg a ceramic membrane, as ghetto as a flower pot for making nitric acid with eletrolysis. If your membrane is flouridated, then it should do just fine in that experimemt as well, thouse the silicone or epoxy used to seal it might not hold up for long.

I recall you did a video a while back where you separated the components of a spent DI-Water producing Ion exchange cartridge fairly easily by exploiting density differences in the anion and cationic exchange functionalized styrene polymers. Have you considers dissolving the separated beads and casting a film from those solutions to use as anionic / cationic exchange membranes? Obviously those materials lack the superacid functionality of Nafion and would not perform as well but they would be more amateur accessible.

@hubrisnaut

Жыл бұрын

My thoughts exactly. I played around with the idea but never attempted it. The beads are cheap and readily available in bulk from places like Home Depot for recharging large whole home filters. There are papers describing the process of making these membranes from scratch but I believe using the styrene beads eliminates multiple steps. All that should necessary is to dissolve the beads in something like acetone, coating a glass plate and allowing the acetone to evaporate. (I'm going off memory here and it has been a while but I believe acetone is the solvent).

@user-uf8gu9ne1g

Жыл бұрын

Because linear polystyrene sulfonate is soluble, they use polystyrene/divinylbenzene copolymer as backbone of resin, making it harder to dissolve. So maybe you can't just dissolve it and make membrane out of resin, and the process might also require some heat.

@hubrisnaut

Жыл бұрын

@@user-uf8gu9ne1g I thought it was just sulfonated polystyrene. I really don't remember the process. I'll have to find the link to the paper. The attempt was to show polystyrene could be recycled into membranes. I think it would be a popular video if someone could show "amateurs" can accomplish making reasonably efficient ion exchange membranes.

@user-uf8gu9ne1g

Жыл бұрын

@@hubrisnaut Maybe it's just polystyrene sulfonate, not fully sulfonated. Or is it insoluble enough with some kind of treatment? I don't know exactly though. I've never thought it could be stable without crosslinking!

@user-uf8gu9ne1g

Жыл бұрын

@@hubrisnaut I found paper about partial sulfonation process. Is it what you've mentioned? DOI: 10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00258-6 10.1007/s10924-006-0018-3

Is it possible to use nafion to increase efficiency of chlorate cells?

Is this like the "chloralkali process"? I remember reading something like this somewhere.

bipolar electrodialysis allows the production of both acid and base, but it is quite a complex process, would be awesome to see someone outside of a fancy comercial/university lab achieve this. Maybe as a next step after finding a anion exchange membrane?

In 2396 your brain in a jar is gonna get so many emails.

Will PVA crosslinked with boric acid work for this process?

to make acids i have seen terracotta pots used as a semi permeable membrane would that not work for sulphuric acid ?

Any comments on carbonate/ bicarbonate ration in theanide compartment. Also, what is the O2/ CO2 ratio.

How temperature stable is that stuff? Can it be exposed to sodium directly? I guess you couldn't use water, but could this be used to directly electrolyse sodium using methanol in oil? Basically, could do your magnesium process but using electrolysis rather than magnesium?

Is it possible to make a deionised water using both types of such membranes?

Would the ion exchange method work for NaNO3 electrolysis ?

I've had a Nafion XL tab open in my browser for like 5 years. Ive wondered how accessible it is for amateurs. I was looking at making a flow battery but I've never been sure how stable the Nafion is long term.

@ajjdgj6tmgedvnmtmek

Жыл бұрын

There's three major stressors to Nafion membranes: peroxides (which can be spontaneously formed in water-based electrochemistry), heat (rarely an issue, as even initial thermal decomp is well over 200 C), and mechanical stress (since the polymer is actually functionally very weak). Biggest issue in practice tends to be running too much current so that pressure across the membrane exceeds the fairly low pressure threshold for damage. In an amateur setup where you're running off a household power supply, though, this risk is going to be greatly reduced.

@htomerif

Жыл бұрын

@@ajjdgj6tmgedvnmtmek By pressure damage, do you mean just gross total pressure difference across the membrane? Or can high currents destroy it from internal stresses? I was looking at creating a flow battery for high capacity power backup, and at the cell voltages I think I can get (i.e. 2 to 3 volts) I'm looking at at least a thousand amps. This is one of the things that shut my project down was I know the membrane is probably going to be the main contributor to the internal resistance of the cell. I'll have to look at their products again. Its been a few years.

@lrmackmcbride7498

Жыл бұрын

There is a fourth thing that impacts longevity and in commercial cells is the limiting factor and that is impurities blocking the membrane. Certain cations get 'stuck'. This eventually reduces ion transmission and increases the voltage required. So with high purity salt a membrane will last a very long time.

Did you make the anode yourself? If so can you make a video on how you did it?

@St0RM33

Жыл бұрын

he did check previous video

What about the membranes from a reverse osmosis cartridge? What would they be useful for in electrochemistry?

@CatboyChemicalSociety

Жыл бұрын

they will only let water through so nope.

Sodium and potassium tetraborate both have a 9ish pH. I wonder if you can get boric acid to precipitate in the anolyte and I wonder if reaction will go to 100%

Can we make a membrane by ironing the resin from water filters :)? Should be sulfonated polystyrene if sources are correct.

7:10 I'll be waiting 😋

cool

Would this procedure be applicable to calcium carbonate / bicarbonate?

What if we start from sodium carbonate Na2CO3(aq)? Would the process in this video give us NaOH on one side of the membrane and H2C03 on the other side (with the consumption of one more H+)?

@NurdRage

5 ай бұрын

Yep

GUESS WHO'S BACK BACK AGAIN SEE THEY BACK TELL A FRIEND

4:10 When you calculate current density, are you including both the anode and the cathode, or just the cathode?

@rex-up9ln

9 ай бұрын

You just need the overlapping area between them. So whichever is smaller will do