In this Python tutorial, we'll be covering the basics of logging in Python. We'll be covering everything from the importance of logging to the different types of logging available in Python.
If you're new to Python or logging in general, then this tutorial is for you! We'll cover everything you need to know to get started with logging in Python, from setting up a basic filelogger to more advanced configurations. By the end of this tutorial, you'll be well on your way to mastering logging in Python!
Why?
Logging information helps us understanding what is going on in our applications and provides us with information that we can act on.
How?
We are using the default logging module of python3. We do a step by step guide on how to create custom logging configurations that fit our needs.
We start with the basic usage of simply importing the default python logging module and record messages with the .debug(), .info(), .warning(), .error(), .critical() methods. Then we continue to log to a file by making use of the logging.basicConfig() method, which allows us to define the loglevel, filename, filemode and encoding.
As we want to change the format of our log records, we start working with the "format" attribute of the logging.basicConfig method.
Next, we discover the usage of logging.config.dictConfig and we put all previous examples into one big one, where we neatly define our custom logging formatters, different handlers (logging.StreamHandler, logging.FileHandler) and a default logger, that makes use of each handler with different loglevel configurations.
To top all of this up, we look into two examples of filtering logrecords in python by using the addFilter method on our logger.
The more advanced method includes the usage of the logging.Filter class and discovering that we can control what filters are applied to loggers based on the naming convention of our fictional modules. As we are adjusting the actual logging.LogRecord object, we can then use our custom attributes in the custom formatter that we use in our handler.
There is also a bonus section, in which we have a quick look at a real world example: The default Django logging configuration from the documentation. Based on our newly acquired knowledge we fully understand what is going on and can quickly answer a junior developer interview question.
The second bonus includes the mentioning of the NullHandler and how we can easily switch off any 3rd party library logging configuration to not cluster up our own logging during development.
Note: I took some examples from the official documentation, so when you read the documentation it sounds familiar. Always read the official documentation as it has more details.
✦ URL: ✦
- docs.python.org/3/library/log...
- github.com/richardschwabe/log...
✦ Homework:
- docs.python.org/3/howto/loggi...
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