When a lion or lioness smells the urine or faeces of another lion or lioness, they display the Flehmen response. The cat will raise its head and erect a fierce grimace with its lips held back for a few seconds. Above the palate, cats have a vomeronasal organ, also known as the organ of Jacobson. They are actually 'testing' the chemical composition of the urine that the last animal left behind by taking a deep whiff and then retracting their lips. Male lions use this behaviour to help them assess whether a female is about to enter the estrous cycle.
GAME DRIVE ETIQUETTE - RULES (SANParks):
- When you come across a sighting, slowly pull over on the side of the road closest to the animal, but keep a safe distance and turn OFF your engine
- If there are animals in the road, immediately stop at least 20 m from them
- The lane furthest from the sighting should NEVER be blocked, so that others can pass if they want to
- Don’t linger longer than a few minutes at a sighting, so that others can view it too
- Never go off the designated roads
- Never climb out of your vehicle during a drive, or hang out of your car windows or sunroof
- Don’t hoot or blare loud music
- Avoid driving into vegetation, as this could damage the environment or kill small animals
- During night drives, never shine a spotlight directly in animals’ eyes
- Never make noise to get animals to move, stand up or otherwise react for pictures
- Respect the rangers, and always comply with their requests or instructions
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