Lingual Artery
• arises from the external carotid artery opposite the tip of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone.
• It is tortuous in its course.
• Its course is divided into three parts by the hyoglossus muscle.
• The first part lies in the carotid triangle.
• It forms a characteristic upward loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve.
• The lingual loop permits free movements of the hyoid bone.
• The second part lies deep to the hyoglossus along the upper border of hyoid bone.
• It is superficial to the middle constrictor of the pharynx.
• The third part is called the arteria profunda linguae, or the deep lingual artery.
• It runs upwards along the anterior border of the hyoglossus, and then hoizontally forwards on the undersurface of the tongue as the fourth part.
• In its vertical course, it lies between the genioglossus medially and the inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue laterally.
• The horizontal part of the artery is accompanied by the lingual nerve.
• During surgical removal of the tongue, the first part of the artery is ligated before it gives any branch to the tongue or to the tonsil.
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