From the Corrections Department: 1:26 should read "Rigil Kentaurus" rather than Rigel. Rigel, Beta Orionis (β Ori), is a blue-white supergiant star located in the constellation Orion. Thanks to Tristian Yamaty for pointing this out.

@thelastxgamer

2 жыл бұрын

Should also probably correct the thumbnail, which says "expoplanet"! Update: They've fixed it within two hours :)

@KilosWorld

2 жыл бұрын

Fix your thumbnail, it says "expoplanet"

@purplenanite

2 жыл бұрын

At 1:26 - the subtitles say "Tolimar" but the slide says "Toliman"? I so want to see pictures of Proxima B - Starshot, get on it! lol

@dzonybajlando9270

2 жыл бұрын

EXPOPLANETS

@jimmyjasi-anti-descartes7088

2 жыл бұрын

What is worth remembering is that that planet may have been similar to that "inhabited by inteligent Apes". But. Apart of speculation about possibility of life it is more than impossible to be there any Anthropoid (human shaped creatures) Darwinism forbades that beyond doubt (even Alfred Wallece Darwins coworker and author of heretical view that "humans were predestined to Evolve on Earth") strongly objected to any notion that any other world could be inhabited by humans or by creatures anatomically similar to them! Any one who understand Evolution knows beyond doubt that even if we "are not Alone in the Universe", we are certainly "alone" in the meaning that although our Universe may harbour countless Earth like, life inhabited planets non other places in the Universe (and perhaps Multiverse) can be inhabited by beings we could call humans or make parallels to humans. Scientists or layman who denyes this would be an equivalent of a "Phisists" claiming that E=m3 instead of 2! So Danicken fans to boot. Or no. Bring as more disdain.

As someone who plays Stellaris, I can guarantee that we have two very habitable planets nearby. This is probably one of them. Now we just need to find the hyperlane network...

@illegal_space_alien

2 жыл бұрын

Nah, we are in our own L-cluster, cut off from the network by aliens who have more wisdom than we do.

@mvmlego1212

2 жыл бұрын

I've tried getting through a Stellaris campaign before, but the intermediate phase (between the time the galaxy is explored and the crisis faction arises) is potentially the most boring gameplay I've ever experienced. Also, the amount of DLC baiting in that game is maddening.

@JROD082384

2 жыл бұрын

With the proper technology, we have at least 2 planets in our solar system besides Earth that could EASILY be made habitable.

@innocentsmith6091

2 жыл бұрын

As someone who plays Alpha Centauri, I can guarantee it's covered in psychic worms.

@innocentsmith6091

2 жыл бұрын

@@mvmlego1212 Paradox is DLC crazy. You should look at how much EU4 or CK2 cost with all their DLC.

We have to keep in mind that there's a sample bias built in to these detection techniques: Large fast-moving planets are the easiest to detect, so that's why we've seen so many "hot jupiters" and planets orbiting so close as to be tidally locked.

@andybaldman

2 жыл бұрын

Well said.

@DrWhom

2 жыл бұрын

Absolutely. In the same vein our own star is not run of the mill as people often assert . It is much larger than the median star in our milky-way

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrWhom do you have any sources for that? I understood that ours was only slightly higher mass than average.

@limiv5272

2 жыл бұрын

@@DrWhom Actually to my understanding our telescopes don't usually stay pointed at a patch of sky long enough to detect multiple transits of planets that aren't very close to their star, it would take literally years, and that's why we usually only detect the ones orbiting very closely. It could be that most stars have many planets orbiting them and we just haven't had the patience to find them yet

@ckl9390

2 жыл бұрын

Also, if a star has as many planets as ours, then the combined effect of their gravitational wobble may make the star effectively hold still or present no discernible pattern.

Are you wearing a kurzgesagt shirt? I absolutely love that channel! About as much as I love this show! Keep up the good work!

@orangea9458

2 жыл бұрын

he is indeed

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

kurzgesagt is the only merch I've purchased from a youtuber period. And I've been around the block a few times... He got me with some ultra-massive black hole pins!

@38kapz13

2 жыл бұрын

I thought I was the only one that had noticed it 😃

This is probably the first video here where I understood everything that was said. I'm not great with math, but discoveries in space I can fully appreciate.

It boggles my mind that I've watched Matt for like 5 years now. Seeing him with grey in his beard still gets me in a way that few things do. Thank you guys so much for the work you do, it's appreciated in ways beyond which I can articulate.

@cosmic_gate476

2 жыл бұрын

Love how content like this is ubiquitous and indexed for us. I used to buy and read lots of fun science books as a kid, but now kids can just open youtube.

@jeremysart

2 жыл бұрын

I was hit in a similar way with the Jurassic World Dominion trailer and seeing Sam Neil with a fully greyed beard.

@TheWoblinGoblin

2 жыл бұрын

Did you just call Matt old? And fat!?

@mugwump7049

2 жыл бұрын

You should see my beard.

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@TheWoblinGoblin um... there's no mention of weight at all.

I think it's worth emphasizing that the wobble (if I did the calculations right) of Proxima Centauri that allowed for the inference of this planet is around 1 part in 300 BILLION compared to its distance to us. If you're not in awe at this, try to come up with anything that you deal with in your life that's precise to even 1 part in a thousand. Also, the radius of Proxima Centauri's wobble is apparently almost precisely 42 miles, which is clearly the best evidence that there's life there.

@danieljensen2626

2 жыл бұрын

Basically all of astrophysics comes down to finding a needle of a consistent effect in a haystack of noise. Also, for a fun comparison, LIGO is basically that precision squared (so twice the number of orders of magnitude).

@FredPlanatia

2 жыл бұрын

assuming the universe is an imperial one ;-)

@ldbarthel

2 жыл бұрын

42 miles you say? Then it's clear that Proxima is the answer to the question.

@ballelort87

2 жыл бұрын

42 likes

@_ninthRing_

2 жыл бұрын

Pity that Science uses Metric standards, unless Adams has hidden the number 67.59258 somewhere in one of his books...?

This is one of those episodes where I just gasp at the subject, in awe of the ridiculousness of our small species gazing at possible wanders outside of our solar system. Love that feeling

@N73B60

2 жыл бұрын

Meanwhile... politicians make war.

@oldman2800

2 жыл бұрын

And getting to our next nearest solar system with current technology will only take 72k in years. I don't think the average homosap has a clue just how uttly vast the universe is

R.E. Startshot, as far as I'm aware, the issue is not with making cameras or interstellar vehicles light enough, for potential laser propulsion, but a transmitter (including power supply), powerful enough, to send that information back to earth, while staying within that weight limit.

@ckl9390

2 жыл бұрын

I wonder if anyone has considered using a relay of probes so individual transmitters don't have to be as powerful to reach back to Earth?

@atk05003

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. Project Starshot is still in the research and development stages. Some of the challenges that I've heard people talk about include making a power source that is light enough and powerful enough; hardening the electronics against cosmic radiation and extreme acceleration (up to tens of thousands of G's); and manufacturing a sail that is strong enough, reflective enough, and heat resistant enough to handle the extremely powerful laser beams. Researchers seem confident that these problems can be solved, but we still need to make some improvements to reach the goal. @ckl, Yes. They are planning on relaying signals through the probes. Besides reducing the power needed by the transmitters (likely laser transmitters), it also means they can track the much nearer target of the next probe(s) rather than all of them needing to keep a tight lock on the Earth's position. I've even heard people discussing ways the network of probes could bypass any disabled or malfunctioning probes in the chain.

Small typo in the name of the stars. It should be Rigil rather than Rigel. Rigel is much further away, and significantly bigger than Rigil 😁

@dzonybajlando9270

2 жыл бұрын

Not even smaller typo in the thumbnail, with "EXPOPLANETS" 😅

@MikeeGG

2 жыл бұрын

Nerd.

@FederalTaxEvader

2 жыл бұрын

@@MikeeGG All of us here clicked on a video about Astronomy and Astrotechnologics, and you think "nerd" is an insult?

@fnamelname9077

2 жыл бұрын

The man, the myth, the legend: Tristian Yamaty, of "PBS Space Time's pinned comment" fame.

@tuneboyz5634

2 жыл бұрын

thanks little buddy :)

I understood a significant portion of this episode. That's quite an improvement for me.

@_ghost_pepper_

2 жыл бұрын

Ikr. I was thinking I'm finally baked enough to understand this dude. It's awesome

@fred_2021

2 жыл бұрын

Likewise. This was a comparatively broad brushed info-fest, which suited me just fine - I do better when the brush is the size of a yard broom.

@georgea2835

2 жыл бұрын

I thought I was the only one

@blakeb9964

2 жыл бұрын

Lol same.

@goldenwarrior1186

2 жыл бұрын

That’s prob because the topic of this vid is much easier to grasp than most of the other topics they cover (also same)

This is the best presentation I have seen by this narrator/presenter. He has slowed down his delivery just enough that I'm starting to be able to absorb the information, and as a result, I'm finding it much more interesting and accessible. Thank you, and please pass on the positive feedback to him.

"The radial velocity method can step in and potentially can catch many more systems". "The radial velocity method is emerging as a competitor to the transit approach due to rapid improvement in a class of highly specialized spectrographs". Yet, it is a quite old method and was used to detect the very first exoplanet around a main-sequence star in 1995 (which awarded the Nobel prize in physics to Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz in 2019). Interesting how technological improvement can revive older methods.

The "black foliage" hypothesis makes me very happy as a sci-fi/sci-fantasy writer who made an exoplanet biosphere with this very requirement. :D

@earthknight60

2 жыл бұрын

Look up radiotrophic fungi. We already have organisms here on Earth that do this.

@JimboJamble

2 жыл бұрын

A channel called Atlas Pro has a video where he talks about black/red plants on tidally locked Kepler-186f. You might find it interesting. He also interviews one of the authors of a paper in Science talking about the relationship between plant color and a star's peak spectrum.

@brianedwards7142

2 жыл бұрын

Ditto.

@patrickmccurry1563

2 жыл бұрын

Some bacteria that photosynthesizes using infrared has already been found in black smokers on the ocean floor. I can't find information on the pigments used though.

@Cheezdealer

2 жыл бұрын

Also a great album

"What if aliens were dark matter?" was the entire premise of the second half of the Hugo-nominated SF webcomic Schlock Mercenary, and I recommend everyone to check it out. Bearing in mind that the comic is now complete as of July 2020, and since it began in the year 2000 there's quite a lot of catching up to do if you want to read the whole thing.

@warpdriveby

2 жыл бұрын

...The premise is that 75% of the mass we think comprises the universe is Aliens? That doesn't seem like a good beginning to me. I'm all for a bit of creative latitude in sci-fi but that takes it so far from the sci half I have to object.

@travismason2811

2 жыл бұрын

@@warpdriveby Not all dark matter was aliens, but there were dark matter aliens. It has a lot of arcs, and tells a lot of stories and is possibly the best space opera ever made. The dude didn't miss a day for 20 years, don't get me wrong it's pretty simple at first, both in the art work and in the story, but the story starts getting pretty complex pretty early and then seems to square from there about every year. I haven't finished, but the friends I know that have have read it 5-10 over just so they can really understand the whole thing, and from what they say it's pretty solid.

@the-chillian

2 жыл бұрын

@@warpdriveby The idea was that certain aliens are dark matter, not that dark matter is aliens. And it was far from the beginning of the story.

@travismason2811

2 жыл бұрын

Ah, you beat me to it lol

@the-chillian

2 жыл бұрын

@@travismason2811 Howard is one of a handful of cartoonists who worked hard at improving his art over the years, and it showed.

During the last Total Eclipse over St Louis a few years back, I captured it as the Moon sat perfectly in front of the corona. Caught on video (uploaded) and with my bare naked eyes…Magical unforgettable moment

@slevinchannel7589

2 жыл бұрын

Hi. Want some science youtube recommendations?

@jovetj

2 жыл бұрын

@@slevinchannel7589 It was cloudy where I was. I was...not happy.

@slevinchannel7589

2 жыл бұрын

@@jovetj You mean a place where people hated you for liking Science? Yeah, that sounds really sad. But now you have access to not only this channel here but various others just like him. Sci Man Dan, Joe Scott, Hbomberguy, Kurzgesagt, they're all great, arent they?

@jovetj

2 жыл бұрын

@@slevinchannel7589 I was just reacting with my unfortunate eclipse experience. I think you meant to reply @ someone else ;-)

@dclomg5

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. I was living right outside of St Louis at the time. It was great. Surreal.

The idea of making a telescope using the Einstein ring around our sun, is something I want to be alive to see.

@linecraftman3907

2 жыл бұрын

It's a cool idea but it's gonna take way too much effort and it will only able to image one or just a handful of targets. The telescope would have to fly 550 AU. For comparison, voyager 1 is only at ~150AU

@mnrvaprjct

2 жыл бұрын

@@linecraftman3907 very fast, unmanned ships. Probably next gen propulsion technologies (like break through star shot)

@linecraftman3907

2 жыл бұрын

@@mnrvaprjct breakthrough starshot is a coin flying on a piece of tissue lol, there's no way it could work as a telescope. I guess you could reach such high speeds if you did beamed power or nuclear propulsion

@jackb3822

2 жыл бұрын

A bot just named “L” stole your comment. :/

@mnrvaprjct

2 жыл бұрын

@@linecraftman3907 I know. you can just make the entire coin sized probe a camera (with the other necessary components of course) and send thousands or hundreds of thousands to gather enough information to form a high resolution image and send that back. There’s no such thing as “impossible”, at least in the case here.

By the tshirt, Wonder if Matt also owns a bird. Questions, wouldnt the tidal force made the planet have strong tectonic activity? Seems like a rough world to be in.

@cholten99

2 жыл бұрын

Birb 😀

@gluonic

2 жыл бұрын

kurzgesagt

@FasutonemuMyoji

2 жыл бұрын

@@gluonic this.

@infinitemonkey917

2 жыл бұрын

That and the solar flares frying the planet.

@nasonguy

2 жыл бұрын

@@infinitemonkey917 That was my thought too. Since all we know about red dwarfs tells us they flare often. A flare sterilized, tidally locked, half frozen half molten wasteland. I wonder if it even has an atmosphere or if it's been totally stripped by flare activity.

I just love this channel!!! Great video, superb explanation and presentation!!! I’m so glad that you regularly post these fantastic videos and hope to see more in the future!👍🏻😎

Awesome opening for this episode. Its such an exciting time to live in as an amateur astronomer

2:47 „So it was named Proxima Centauri or Trisolaris“

@Audio_Jesus

2 жыл бұрын

I, for one, welcome our Trisolaran overlords.

I've only ever seen Alpha Centauri once -- it's pretty easy to spot from New Zealand thanks to our round Earth, lol. But I live firmly in the northern hemisphere where it's generally not visible.

@_nebulousthoughts

2 жыл бұрын

I can see it more or less year round here in Adelaide.

We keep thinking we need to colonize planets. But in reality, we’ll have the capability someday to create giant starships that fit our needs far better than planets can. Why get a fixer-upper house when you can have the perfect motor-home?

@Brukner841

2 жыл бұрын

as Isaac Arthur mentioned, "gravity wells are for suckers".

@Tom_Quixote

2 жыл бұрын

In reality, we have no idea whether it will ever be possible to build such spaceships.

@Brukner841

2 жыл бұрын

@@Tom_Quixote 117 years ago, right before the first recorded human flight by the Wright brothers, a declaration was given, signed by thousands of academics, which stated that it will never be possible for humankind to fly in the air, no matter how hard we try. Now we're teleporting molecules into space, and flying a robot on Mars. We will capture micro wormholes and enlarge them, we will create warp drives, and so many more FTL technologies, it's inevitable, dare I say, within the next 100 years. We have limitless potential, we develop at a rate that, for all we know, could be the fastest in the Universe.

@kerwinbrown4180

2 жыл бұрын

People like firm ground but in reality both will be the case.

@ikeroran7911

2 жыл бұрын

becausre when we get to that time, it will be too late, and the starts wil l likely have moved away

Should we take it as a coincidence that the nearest potentially inhabitable planet is around the closest star to Earth? Or should we interpret this as evidence that habitable planets are more common than we'd previously thought?

@toomanyopinions8353

2 жыл бұрын

I'd think something not being coincidental is more likely

@Dan-bz4qg

2 жыл бұрын

That Great Filter is getting uncomfortably close...

@alien9279

2 жыл бұрын

If you only gave 1 data point, assume it's the average!

@skorpiongod

2 жыл бұрын

Being in the habitable zone is just one of thousands of things that need to go right for life to form/thrive, so if anything it means this one specific condition isnt too rare.

@garethdean6382

2 жыл бұрын

Our current understanding is that most stars should have planets, and a good portion of those will be in the 'habitable zone'. However this is a tricky concept given that both Mars and Venus qualify as 'habitable' or 'earthlike' by many definitions. Given that red dwarfs make up 3/4 of all stars, and we're NOT around one, this suggests that red dwarfs are less habitable than sunlike stars (Or that humanity is a special exception.) This would suggest looking for more than just the broadest possibility of life before passing judgement.

Re: Breakthrough Starshot, I wonder if anyone is working on imaging techniques to compensate for the optical effects of traveling at 0.2c. Edit: The appropriate Lorentz transform yields a pretty trivial γ of 1.0206, so not really significant. A slight spectral shift might perhaps be noticeable to the eye, but that's about all. Once you get up to about 0.5c is where things start to look really bent, and I believe all of those can be fixed with image processing except one, and that one turns out to a bummer for imaging planets in detail, as they would appear as through a fish-eye lens, with magnification of the center regions. The horizon you'd normally expect to see would get 'bent backwards' around the far side.

@seriousmaran9414

2 жыл бұрын

Problem is more where you put the power supply and transmitter in such a small probe?

@TestECull

2 жыл бұрын

Am I the only one that actually wants to see the images unprocessed?

@rmsgrey

2 жыл бұрын

@@seriousmaran9414 One solution that's been kicking around SF circles for decades is to re-fire the launch lasers for a while about 16 years (in this case) after launch so that the target system is bathed in laser light while the probe is passing through, which can both be used as a power source for onboard systems, and be reflected back as a signal. There are some engineering issues with this approach, but nothing too hairy looking.

@DrMackSplackem

2 жыл бұрын

@@TestECull There's an old video on here called "Optical Effects Of Special Relativity" that you'd appreciate. It shows a trip down a highway, first with no effects, and then the journey repeats three times with c = 1m/s, each time adding another distortion. It's very low-res but quite a trip.

@jasonjacoby

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe a Femto camera strapped to a supercomputer?

Love the kurzgesagt tee! It's great how all the science youtubers are fans of each other.

@mvmlego1212

2 жыл бұрын

PBS Space Time is one of my three favorite channels on KZread, but I'm not a fan of Kurzgesagt, and I really don't understand the hype around them. They have a bad habit of expressing opinions of public policy, philosophy, and other subjects with the same certitude that they teach astronomy, without acknowledging that there's room for reasonable disagreement. They also put an enormous amount of their budget into animations that don't add much in terms of education value, and are sometimes even rather grotesque.

@altortugas5979

2 жыл бұрын

I thought that’s what it was, wanted to see if anyone else had noticed. Now, if we can get him into a duck beanie…

@allanhernandez6692

2 жыл бұрын

Kurzgesagt is awesome! I really appreciate the research they do for their videos and their animation style is amazing!

@TheBrock2525

2 жыл бұрын

@@altortugas5979 I've got their hoodie, which is excellent quality and comfortable.

@kw8274

2 жыл бұрын

@@mvmlego1212 Ngl I don’t respect your opinion.. I find the effort they put in their videos not only attractive to people who are new & interested in the scientific community but also people who are normal blokes with curiosity. The videos are engaging, explore complex concepts with simple dialogue & intuitive visual images , beautiful fluid animation , and a touch of in your own words grotesque humor. A lot of people start off watching these topics with channels like Kurtzgesagt & then branch into more complicated research ; thus-affecting positivity the common opinion towards education & science in general , tons of people learn in a fun & engaging way including me and I don’t understand if anything how you can’t see that even if you personally don’t like the style. I’m also annoyed at the fact you said that they have a “ bad habit of expressing opinions “ when all of their videos are just presenting the topic in a unbiased & factually researched manner if you want discussion of other opinions then by all means go in the comment sections. tons of people have alternate things to say; all they do is spark the discussion starting off with actual data. If you don’t like the channel fine but these seem like pretty dumb reasons.

Always enjoy your videos! They have me looking stuff up for hours after viewing. 😄👍

the narration starting from 14:50 gave me goosebumps, felt like listening to an audio book and being really there on this planet

I can't wait to see the discoveries made with JWST and Proxima B! I know there are already lots of other large-scale observations planned which are also awesome, but this is probably the one i'm the most excited about; planetary discovery.

@wendylee1213

2 жыл бұрын

Me too!

@glennschiffer1742

Жыл бұрын

@@wendylee1213 Me 3

Between the larger Proxima c and the Alpha Cen twins further away, it seems reasonable to assume that Proxima b was relatively safe from asteroid impacts hitting the reset button, much like the outer planets likely soaked up a bunch of damage otherwise headed for Earth. Definitely has the potential to be a very interesting place! Here's hoping we launch the laser light sail missions sooner rather than later.

Thank you for this channel, everyone involved. This brings me joy.

I thought this was a really clear review and fun to follow! Nice writing, graphics, and presenting!

"What if Aliens are Dark Matter?" Try reading the Xeelee Sequence by Stephen Baxter. It's a very odd series, but totally worth it!

@Alexander_Kale

2 жыл бұрын

Why is there a "but" in that sentence?

The really good part about this star being a red dwarf is that if we could inhabitate this solar system, it would be for a very very very long time, in comparison to our sun whom probably not live longer than 10 billion years (and will probably be unhabitable within a billion year)

@NoWay-rv7vj

2 жыл бұрын

Some red dwarfs are noisy with outbursts, is proxima a calm one?

@ArawnOfAnnwn

2 жыл бұрын

@@NoWay-rv7vj No, but a thick atmosphere can help deal with that. Or sufficient shielding for a dome city. Or living underground.

@georgethompson1460

2 жыл бұрын

@@ArawnOfAnnwn Or geostationary magnetosphere satellite.

Beautiful video. This is one of the best channels on KZread. Such high quality content.

That closing line reminded me of “Foundation”. Thanks for the explanation!

Simulations of atmosphere dynamics have shown that planets like Proxima B probably would probably not be tidally locked. Dominant winds in those atmospheres would transfer enough angular momentum to the planet's body to prevent tidal locks from happening. You wouldn't need very much atmosphere for this to happen, Earth's atmosphere would do the job very nicely.

@alihms

2 жыл бұрын

So how thick (or maybe how dynamic) does the atmosphere needs to be? If I'm not mistaken, Io has a thin atmosphere but it is still tidally locked to Jupiter.

@francoislacombe9071

2 жыл бұрын

@@alihms Io's atmosphere is far too thin. Also, even if it was thicker, Io would still be tidally locked to Jupiter because the moon doesn't get enough heat from the Sun to power the needed winds. Look at Titan, a moon of Saturn with a much denser atmosphere, and it is tidally locked to Saturn for the same reason. How thick a planet's atmosphere needs to be depends on how close that planet is to its star, the closer in, the thicker the atmosphere. It's complicated.

New Expoplanet? Is that some planetary convention? 🤔

@maynardtrendle820

2 жыл бұрын

You beat me to it!

I love those rare Spacetime gems where I can actually understand the entire video!

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

"Once you can accept the universe as matter expanding into nothing that is something, wearing stripes with plaid comes easy." - Albert Einstein

This content is free. This is amazing. I am so thankful for you and your knowledge and generosity

I immediately thought of the book "The Three Body Problem" where there's a civilization on a planet that orbits all 3 Centauri stars. But in the book Proxima Centauri is MUCH closer to Alpha/Beta Centauri, so the 3 stars orbit around each other chaotically, and the planet is passed around like a football between them.

@nikethunner2732

2 жыл бұрын

Just finished the book. Interesting read, not the best ever, but creative. Maybe i'll read the other books someday.

@genderender

2 жыл бұрын

It’s not that proxima is closer, it’s that it’s assumed to be in a 3 body orbit with alpha and Beta Centauri, but currently in a “stable” orbit where life can exist. We here can’t really tell what proxima is doing

Wouldn't precession and axial tilt create good size zones with day/night cycles and manageable size tides in a tidally locked planet?

Fascinating possibility. I hope we get to find out.

Wow. You are a fountain of information. I loved this. Wouldn't it be wonderful if there were any kind on Proxima B.

I hear the word exoplanet and I’m like “finally, a chance for human interstellar colonies” and then Matt’s like well hold up: tidally locked, blasted with high energy particles, massive convection waves…”

I very much enjoyed this slightly different type of episode, I hope you do more like this.

@nenmaster5218

2 жыл бұрын

I ask around at Random: Want some Science KZreadr to check out?

Love how this show transports us to the wonders out there 😍

watching PBS whilst playing space engineers is awesome.

Question, is there any online animation of the entire Alpha Centauri systems orbital motion available?

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

I think that Universe Sandbox has the ability to do that, but don't quote me.

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

That sounds like the death of animation right there...

@teaser6089

2 жыл бұрын

@@brandonhoffman4712 what

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

@@teaser6089 Animation has the ability to traverse beyond reality, and yet you want to use it to visualize reality. Animation brought us movies like WALL-E, and you want bloody moving dots... Edit: don't mean to shoot you down, just giving my thoughts. Please peruse your passions and don't let an ignoramus get in your way!

@sanctus864

2 жыл бұрын

@@brandonhoffman4712 worst possible take

If a planet like Proxima B had a thick atomsphere, or a magnetic field, could it be shielded from the magnetic storms of a red dwarf star? Also, I want to see an episode on the 2 dimensional cosmic strings.

Good on you Daniel for the support of this brilliant channel. 👍

This stuff is so cool. It would be incredible to witness seeing photos taken from another solar system! Even if not, just knowing the worlds are there is fascinating. Thank the Lord for my fiancee sharing my fascination so I can tell her about these things. I love your physics videos, but thank you for this cool astronomy / planetary science video in here too!! Stay well out there everybody, and God be with you, friends! :)

This was one of those videos without the complicated math. My mind didn't stray the entire time! 😁

@thezaher

2 жыл бұрын

I watch the videos with complicated math at least twice. One time when I'm fully awake and another before bed. The absence of loud music, and Matt's calming voice help me sleep like a baby.

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

@@thezaher When I watch videos about complicated physics. I tend to try to build a model in my head to figure out what other meanings lie behind it. There is no way I would find sleep unless I was 3 hours past my bed time... I can also find myself pausing/replaying sections more than once to build a more accurate picture. Like when I found out there may be an ultra-massive black hole in our universe that predates our universe. My mind had to then model the big bang exploding around an object so massive, that it wasn't pushed away by rapid expansion. Either that or there is one black hole that somehow became insanely massive, even compared to the biggest ones we know of. Which doesn't fit our current understanding of black holes "eating cycles" Either way the video on ultra massive black holes by kurzgesagt is quite interesting! the title is: The largest black hole in the universe - size comparison

Can I get clarification on something said in the vid? Are we really proximas closest neighbor? I mean, I know it's OUR closest neighbor, but it's not any closer to another system than us? I just find that concept, the distance between other systems to each other, vs distance from us to be really compelling.

@EnglishMike

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. It looks like the next nearest star to Proxima is Groombridge 34, which is 11.6 light years from Earth, so even if Groombridge 34 was on the opposite side of Proxima to Earth, it would still be a couple of light years further away.

@garethdean6382

2 жыл бұрын

Proxima C is only 0.2ly from the A-B pair. Outside of the trinary system though, yeah, we are. Perhaps a bit of oversight there.

9:40 That surface temperature simulation plot shows the temperature maxing out around 30~40 C, which isn't exactly cool and refreshing, but it's also not hostile to life. In fact, I'd say it's nearly ideal as long as the red dwarf hasn't stripped the atmosphere away. Also, I assume water, or other possible liquid media, would be an excellent shield against the uv and xray flares, so sea life would hardly be affected.

Love the anecdote at the end. I feel that if we ever do achieve interstellar colonization, myth and legend is bound to occur regardless of how far we go, as I’m sure most civilizations will be cut off from each other eventually due to cultural separation and the vast distances involved.

@friendlyone2706

2 жыл бұрын

The whole human race -- from Congo Pygmies to Australian Aborigines to pale Scandinavians -- has almost no genetic diversity but in a few thousand years diaspora across one little planet has created and amazing diversity of seemingly unrelated languages. If we have forgotten our one world history so completely, you are right, a galactic civilization will be full of isolated backwaters nobody visits and that do not have a clue they've been abandoned by civilization.

Seeing "Arecibo" credited on the animation is a bittersweet reminder of both how large that facility's contribution to our body of knowledge really was, and how much we lost when we lost that telescope. 😥❤️

@andersjjensen

2 жыл бұрын

F

At 41,850,000 miles/hour, it would take you 67.84 years to get there. Unless you're in a suspended-animation device, it would be best to start the trip when you're no older than 22. You would spend the rest of your life looking at darkness out the window, and be close to taking your last breath when you land on that exoplanet of Proxima Centauri

@samuelandrew4500

2 жыл бұрын

We're probably on the cusp of extending the length of human life; imagine if within the next few hundred years, lifespan is extended to hundreds or thousands of years. Making a journey that takes 50 years might not seem unreasonable to someone who has been alive for hundreds of years. We might be one of the last generations to grow old.

@AM-dc7pv

2 жыл бұрын

@@samuelandrew4500 True. Well, considering this, we'll likely have one of a few scenarios or a combination of which include: Humans developing and advancing cryogenics, humans developing and advancing medical prosthesis, humans developing and advancing human genetics and evolution, humans developing and advancing sufficient technological innovation for interstellar travel coinciding with what was once science fiction level technology and science, humans developing and advancing temporal science and technology sufficient enough to manipulate time for interstellar travel. We could have an entirely different situation that would suffice and not resulting as a subsequent product of man's hard work and dedication...something else, like we meet aliens, find a magic lamp with a genie or maybe collect all 7 Dragonballs (Earth-based, Dende-bound), lol. We're close to a number of these STEM-derivatives developing to a level that will allow exponential advancement thereafter though.

@newerstillimproved

2 жыл бұрын

@@samuelandrew4500 I just hope they can extend the life of animals as well. I certainly would not want to go without the company of a dog.

@chrisfleming701

2 жыл бұрын

All you need is a multi generation crew, parents and their children. Children will be adults when they arrive and be able to take care of aging original crew. Not my idea, from sci-fi.

@newerstillimproved

2 жыл бұрын

@@chrisfleming701 That sounds easy enough. Easy enough indeed for an attempt with current technology - maybe Elon's "Starship" living up to its name - getting there in 6300 years or less.

Great video - love the history included

It's fascinating living in this era in spacetime we all share.

This would be rather ideal Proxima T to say the least! Let's hope!

@nenmaster5218

2 жыл бұрын

I ask around at Random: Want some Science KZreadr to check out?

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@nenmaster5218 um, sure. Be aware, though: I'm picky. My faves are Anton Petrov and Dr. Becky, so... I expect a lot. 😄

i really like how the cg light reflects off of matt's face. good job whoever you are!

@kcarpenter2006

2 жыл бұрын

Oh! Mat must be CGI

Informative and inspiring.

Very impressed with this video. I have always been interested in astronomy and physics. It was things like this that drove me to enter those professions. Thank you for feeding my insatiable curiosity about the universe and the wonders that we discove

I would really love to see Breakthrough Starshot happen in my lifetime, but it seems like the big hurdle to overcome is getting data back from these probes over interstellar distances.

@Alexander_Kale

2 жыл бұрын

The only technology you need to live to see is radical life extension. Which I personally give fifty / fifty odds to arrive in my lifetime. So let's flip the coin together and in a hundred years, we will both see the first pictures from alpha centauri.

Hello fellow science lovers. Nice to see you all here so bright and early.

@storm2666

2 жыл бұрын

Haha I just finished work myself. In the AU?

Patrick Maher has written a trilogy for 10 to 18+ year-olds. Don’t want to give anything away about the plot, but Proxima Centauri figures in the trilogy. If you like a cool read situated in speculative fiction, then it’s a well-written trilogy and worth a read. The trilogy shares the Banner Arthur Templar and the - 1 is The Curse of the Nibiru, 2 is The Secret Codex, 3 is the Serpo Gambit. I enjoyed each one.

Nice video, thanks. I have a few question on Proxima b being tidally locked, given that an atmosphere would cause a drag and a wobble and a small change in orbit over time just like the earth moon tidal lock does. Would this be detectable? I imagine tidal locking would cause a lot of volcanism making for a thick atmosphere and maybe even a healthy magnetic field as the interior of the planet is churned up.

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

I only see one question, and it was answered in the video. That wobble is how they figured out that there was any planet there, in the first place. I'll edit with the timestamp when I find it again. Edit to add: He starts talking about it just about 3:40ish, if I saw the time correctly at that moment.

I LOVE EXPOPLANETS!!

@adamh101

2 жыл бұрын

Glad somebody else noticed that!

Will the James Webb telescope be able to find out what kind of an atmosphere (if any) proxima B has? If so, THIS IS EXTREMELY EXCITING!

@oligould8575

2 жыл бұрын

I was thinking the same thing... it'll certainly be interesting to see what the JW telescope can see... if there's liquid water there's a good possibility of some kind of life... especially if there is a deep ocean

@rogerthornton4068

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe Webb can give us more information on this system.

@franklin9400

2 жыл бұрын

We can't even save our own perfectly habitable planet for life. The worst thing we could do is go destroy more planets.

@franklin9400

2 жыл бұрын

@PolySaken Wow, quite delusional as well. The first thing we would do when we got there, is start destroying the place because we want things and can. The much more likely scenario is, we end life on our planet, long before we ever make it to another planet or nuke ourselves back to the dark ages, to start over with the few that survive.

@peterkelley6344

2 жыл бұрын

Gentle cough. Excuse me guys James Webb only sees in inferred light.

He's wearing a kurzgesagt shirt!! Love this collab!❤️❤️

great episode. Like the text a lot, the video cuts were a bit abrupt at times. a thing that didn't get particular focus. How old is the Proxima Centauri system? How long has Proxima Centauri b potentially existed? Would an atmosphere survive the early flare phase of the parent star? Obviously, best to wait until observations answer these questions. Can't wait!

@garethdean6382

2 жыл бұрын

Its estimated age is 4.853 billion years, which is comparable to that of our sun.

@georgethompson1460

2 жыл бұрын

@@garethdean6382 and will exist for like 12 billion more years.

For some reason people dont know about the one realistic method for interstellar travel. If a ship travels at a constant 1g acceleration rate it would get to the Centauri system in 3.6 ship/7.3 Earth years (and that includes turning the ship around half way and decelerating). The ship would achieve about .95 light speed after about 1 year. Not only is this by far the fastest way we can get to other worlds but the ship would have gravity the whole way which will allow farming. A 10 ton ship would need a mere 10 tons of continuous thrust. All thats needed for this is a fission rocket that can put out thrust for long periods and does not consume hydrogen or xenon (you cant bring 500 tons of that with you). 1 kg of uranium has the same energy as 120,000 tons of coal and plutonium has a lot more than that. A 10 ton ship would use less than 1 pound of uranium to get to Alpha Centauri. Both uranium and plutonium are jittery atoms, they are on the verge of fissioning by themselves (and sometimes they do) there should be a way to get them to fission in a linear fashion, see "best method for interstellar travel". A fission rocket should be simpler than a chemical rocket. The ship would be safe. Due to relativistic effects the ship will have a weak interaction with regular mass during the high velocity portion of the trip. The front of the ship should be an asteroid or at least armor plate. Maximum velocity would occur in the voids between star systems where the chances of significant mass being in the flight path would be astronomically low. The ship would need a powerful radar (RF emissions will travel at light speed regardless of the ships velocity). Interstellar radiation is not a problem either, a couple feet of asteroid dirt (and perhaps graphite and/or lead) surrounding the ship will keep it out. With this method a ship can span the entire diameter of the Milky Way in 24 ship/113,000 Earth years. Systems with stars similar to the sun can be reached in under 10 years.

@andymouse

2 жыл бұрын

You should tell someone.

@mnrvaprjct

2 жыл бұрын

this is like the Alastair Reynolds’s book, House Of Suns

@Milan_Openfeint

2 жыл бұрын

I feel you made an error somewhere. To reach 95% of the speed of light, you'd have to convert 95% of the ship's mass into pure energy, give or take a factor of 2 or so. BTW the exhaust speed of nuclear rockets isn't really *that* high, so you're not getting anywhere near the theoretical maximum.

@samwitch2102

2 жыл бұрын

Also, the faster one travels, the more mass one has. This is problematic for obvious reasons.

@shawns0762

2 жыл бұрын

@@samwitch2102 The mass of the ship increases from the vantage point of an outside observer. No matter how fast the ship travels everything will be normal on the ship. Thats why its called relativity. We are all traveling at the speed of light from some vantage point.

Wouldn't it take millions of years by today's technological standards to even reach it? I'm not sure humanity would still even be humanity by that point even if we could make it. Or at least it probably wouldn't be recognizable to our current version of humanity. It's interesting to think about.

@waylondesnoyers7459

2 жыл бұрын

It would take about 20-60k years especially if the speedup using lasers is highly effective, still not a short time but faster than today's engines could ever do.

@loyalik

2 жыл бұрын

travelling at 20% the speed of light, that sail would reach the system in about 20 years, since proxima is about 4 light years from us

@k.r.jester5406

2 жыл бұрын

If we leave for the planet today, we would likely reach that planet after a future mission would. The reason is because it's very likely our tech would progress faster than we could travel today.

You should mention the solar eruption that happened in December 2012. Probably the 21st, which is the Mayans date of apocalypse and not to mention legends of Mayans spoke about proxima.

It looks like I should chime in for a couple of points: I have been doing a lot of work on the impact of space weather on the habitability of exoplanets and there are some clarifications that may be interesting: - when we speak about flares on M-dwarfs, we are speaking about the increase in the UV (EUV-XUV flux), even though some people speak about the stellar wind and particle events. The UV flux is not stopped by the magnetic field. The atmosphere is the only protection for potential organisms... However, the problem is the retention of the atmosphere here: the UV flux is here the main source of atmospheric escape (there are exceptions), for Proxima b, it seems to be too high for the retention of the atmosphere (see e.g. Garcia-Sage et al 2017, where a magnetic field is also taken into account). - the stellar wind without a magnetic field will take away a large chunk of an atmosphere (see Dong et al 2017), however, the presence of a magnetic field will not protect from it: we have almost a direct connection between the wind and the magnetic field since the planet is inside the Alfven surface (Garraffo et al., 2016, 2017). Overall, being so close to a star is bad for the presence of an atmosphere in itself (see my review paper scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=e2RfvmYAAAAJ&citation_for_view=e2RfvmYAAAAJ:dQJM2trw0wsC ), and being close to active stars means that there is a lot of different processes to take into account for affirming that we are inside the habitable zone ( scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=e2RfvmYAAAAJ&citation_for_view=e2RfvmYAAAAJ:5AlGpL-oHpAC )

When you consider all the things that had to happen for life to be possible on Earth, is it really unreasonable to appreciate how many things had to happen for life there?

@Gunandrunandgun

2 жыл бұрын

The chance that life exists on earth is 100% simply because well... we're here. That doesn't tell us much about the likelyhood on other planets though.

@FrikInCasualMode

2 жыл бұрын

Our sample of life in the Universe = 1. We know what 'our' life requires to function. Until we find (or not) life outside the Earth, we will not know what is necessary for life in general to appear.

@johnege7352

2 жыл бұрын

One of the things i have seen in many of the science book is how lucky life was here on earth. We were just the right distance from the sun. We were lucky to have the perfect sized moon, at the right distance to influence tides. We had magnetosphere, and dynamic tectonic plates and just the right amount water. The arguments against life out there have actually been based in how many coincidences happened here. I agree it happened here, clearly, but no one is making an argument that if it happened here it happens everywhere. So either we were extremely lucky, or life is more likely than we consider.

@johnege7352

2 жыл бұрын

@PolySaken oh, well sure. I think it’s very reasonable that we will find other types of life. Lee Cronin made cells that could replicate, based on metal… it looks and behaves like life!

@georgethompson1460

2 жыл бұрын

@PolySaken purge the filthy xenos!!!!

Its out best hope, indeed... Simply because the next one is faaaaaar away.

@gra6649

2 жыл бұрын

And what if we go there, find beings living there, and they don't want us. What will we do? Maybe bomb them into submission?

@brothermine2292

2 жыл бұрын

@@gra6649 : More likely, I think, we would farm them or they would farm us.

I preferred the "Expoplanet" thumbnail. I was really looking forward to a convention there someday.

This content is incredible, fantastic

But does Proxima have a constant enough output? Or might it have life threatening fluctuations?

@the1pump1der25

2 жыл бұрын

looking at a mixed bag tbh, because of it's age of ~4.85 billion years, it has settled down a fair bit. however that's in comparison to other, younger red dwarfs, it's still an unpredictable and violent lil fella, enough to cause issues for the chances of Proxima b being habitable

@RideAcrossTheRiver

2 жыл бұрын

It's a flare star.

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

Sounds like the night life could be good! The planet earth has enough life-threatening fluctuations for me! We currently live in an oasis that contains all of recorded human history amidst a 2.5 million yearlong ice age that collapsed ecosystems enough for great apes to become the dominant life on this planet. Before that we were food.

@RideAcrossTheRiver

2 жыл бұрын

@@brandonhoffman4712 No, before that, we were omnivores living in trees.

@brandonhoffman4712

2 жыл бұрын

@@RideAcrossTheRiver Yep trying to keep our 4.5 foot tall 70lb selves (basically a deer) from being eaten by apex predators like leopards and such. Much like the chimpanzee does today.

If Proxima B has a strong magnetic field, could any of our instruments detect it? Perhaps by the way it would deflect charged particles of Proxima's "solar" wind.

Oooow😱 a new upload! With such a tasty topic too! Finally something with substance to watch! Thank you matee✌️🇦🇺

Great video!!! Thank you Matt & team

Radiation hardened aliens. That makes it easier for them to survive the long travel to us.

@garethdean6382

2 жыл бұрын

Oh don't worry, the tardigrades are already here.

Never before in the history of mankind has the words of a presenter been scrutinized so much, by so many. Good on ya Matt - for all that you get right I salute you!

So, tell us what impact the other two neighbouring stars will have on Proxima B and it's atmosphere & gravity. And will JWST be looking in that direction and be able to give us real actual close up photographs of it?

Love seeing the support of other KZread channels .

I love Space Time.

@bogdankp

2 жыл бұрын

Of course you do, it's our home.

@fred_2021

2 жыл бұрын

ditto. I couldn't live w/o it.

I'm writing a sci-fi novel and I have a question regarding around 9:50 Anyone feel free to reply or theorize below :) The situation in the book is pretty straight forward, but the implications are substantial, and I'm wondering if they're relatively analogous with the concepts explained at the timestamp I linked above. In the book, time passes twice as quickly for things in direct sunlight, whereas time passes like ever before in the shade (or nighttime of course) Similar to the video, this means one side of the earth at a time will experience twice as much sunlight than usual; 12 hours in the sun (relative to the shaded side of the planet) feels like 24 hours of daylight for anything on the sunny side of the planet (weather, oceans, people, etc) Ideally, it's different than the video, as the earth still rotates like ever before (only the crust feels the effects of this time travel, which is negligible when considering the mass of the earth) But that changes later in the book as time continues to double in the sunlight. Conceptually, there will be a time in which the shady side of the planet experiences 12 hours of darkness, then thousands of years of sunlight. So unlike the video, where the perpetual darkness possibly freezes the atmosphere to the surface preventing life as we know it, earth will experience perpetual sunlight on one side of the planet (just like the video) and the shady side won't be drastically cooled I've had trouble researching this for obvious reasons, as the situation simply doesn't exist. From my studies, I don't relate the scenario in the book to earth being closer to a sun, as the heat would also radiate away from earth twice as fast. It's not relatable to the equator (which experiences more sunlight than other parts of earth) because again, the amount of sunrays hitting the earth are the exact same as they've always been. In the beginning, when time is simply twice as fast in the sun instead of thousands of times as fast, it's barely as if the planet is tidally locked. But as the book goes on, the borders of light and dark are supposed to become more and more dangerous. The book is called "Crimson Riptide" for exactly that reason So overall, I guess my question would be: Permanent night may cause the atmosphere to collapse. What about permanent day, if the permanent night wasn't colder than the average night on earth as we know it?

@garethdean6382

2 жыл бұрын

So the first approximation would simply be dialing up the sun's light emission. Time going twice as fast in sunlight means twice as much solar radiation. BUT, since it's time that's changing there's also twice as much time to radiate that heat. This will stop the day side from becoming hellishly hot. Instead it will tend to approach the equilibrium temperature for a planet at that distance from the sun, the point at which solar radiation is balanced by thermal radiation from the planet. (For tidally locked night sides this is around absolute zero which is why they get so cold. For Earth this is about 100 degrees, we see this on the moon's sunlit surface. Earth's rotation essentially lowers this by 'averaging' it with our night side 0 kelvin equilibrium. (Since radiating to space takes time, the faster a planet spins the less of this cooling can occur and the closer a planet is to its dayside temperature on average.) So a planet with such dilation will, on second approximation, end up boiling water on one side. The presence of an atmosphere helps balance this a lot however, since it will move heat from hot to cold places, setting up strong storms across the earth (We see this on a small scale on coastlines where the land-sea temperature difference drives local winds). BUT, how does the time boundary work? Imagine a box filled with gas where time passes 100x faster on the left side. Molecules can flow right past a time boundary, but will then be seen moving 1000x slower relative to the left side. This equates to 1000x less pressure, we can imagine all the right-moving molecules in one half of the box moving into the slow time half and 'piling up' since they don't have time to hit something and move back out before more molecules move into the slow half. As time dilation increases anything mobile will start to move towards the night side of your planet until one side essentially becomes a vacuum. This is counteracted a bit by the planet's spin; on one side a wall of piled up matter will move forward as night falls and stuff 'piles up' there. On the other side as day begins denser night-side material will expand sedately (from the sun-side's perspective) as it is freed to move at day-rates.

@RedNomster

2 жыл бұрын

@@garethdean6382 Thanks for the extensive reply Gareth! One way I'm articulating your "piling up" scenario is by picturing an hourglass ⌛️ When you flip it over, all the sand rushes to the empty side. Reaching the halfway point, the sand immediately drops in transfer speed, and begin fillings the empty side. Once the sides are evenly filled, I imagine that the hourglass will begin to flip at a constant speed (just like earth's spin). Gravity for this hourglass is in the direction of nighttime in the planetary model. For earth with no time dilation I imagine the sand remains the same on both sides as if the center of the hourglass is blocked. 2x speed removes that block, and allows some of the top 50% into the bottom 50%, with a piling up of the top 50% occurring on the "border" (skinny part of the hourglass) Conceptually, instead of the top sand falling faster relative to the bottom side, we can say 10x,100x, etc is represented by widening the center of the hourglass. Despite the constant spin, ALL of the sand now transfers to the bottom side in the time frame of a single flip. I suppose thinking about it, an hourglass is 2-dimensional thinking, as you can only represent light>dark or dark>light at one time, despite the planet partaking in both transitions at the same time like you said. Perhaps an hourglass with 3 pockets instead of two, all feeding into each other. Or a simple fix not restricted by gravity where the bottom sand is portaled to the top sand at a rate indicative of a standard hourglass invariant of how wide the middle section is I'm unsure. Let me know if that makes any sense! *EDIT Or maybe it's the other way around? Where 1x speed, earth is a cylinder. 2x, 10x, 1000x, earth becomes more and more like an hourglass? No pile-up when rotating the glass, then the pile-up becomes more drastic without the need of changing the spin speed or the amount of total particles (just like the planet)

@KyouzukaTakahashi

2 жыл бұрын

​@@RedNomster For visualization of the "earth", yes you'd have to imagine an ever filling hourglass that does not only stack on one side because its an ever moving constant; example both the top and the bottom has to be equal in mass and volume, and sand that at the very bottom of the hourglass (imminent sunset) gets to move to fill the top part again (imminent sunrise) that keeps losing some of its volume, the faster the volume is lost the quicker it will try fill the vacuum, maybe you could picture strong wind blowing on the nightside and gets even stronger the faster the time accelerates combine this with an also a fast moving ocean now you get raging waves and wind. Another way you would visualize this beside hourglass is akin to constant water, air or steam flowing through a Venturi tube with the day side acting as the choke point in which thing goes faster through it, and yes the more constricted the choke point is things should move faster, so theoretically at 1000 faster time things that moves at 2m/s would be moving at 2000m/s on the day side, but in day perspective night side moves 1000 times slower, at 0,002m/s, people may sense something is amiss only at sunrise or sunset, such as unusually fast moving cloud as it being hit by the sunlight.

@RedNomster

2 жыл бұрын

​@@KyouzukaTakahashi I found a program online called "Falling Sand Game," and I drew an hourglass so I could design a make-shift particle test and it was actually helpful! The game even let me slow/increase time, and I could "magically" drop sand into the top of the glass again which wouldn't be easy with an actual hourglass. Still messing with it because there's more options than just sand particles, like water and oil. Thanks for referencing the venturi effect, it helped me wrap my mind around (sort of) what's happening at the border of light/dark

@garethdean6382

2 жыл бұрын

@@RedNomster It's like pouring water into a bucket with a hole in it. At no time dilation the hole is large, water exits the bucket as fast as it enters, nicely balanced. As the dilation increases the hole shrinks, the bucket empties from the bottom at a slower rate than water can flow into it, so water piles up until it exits out of the opposite (top) side of the bucket. If the bucket's falling then that's the time dilation sweeping around the Earth, a pressure front at the dawn side smacking into things and a big splash on the dusk side.

it would be windy as heck there but we could live in the interface region if it has any kind of atmosphere

My cat really enjoys all of your videos. She makes me put them on by shouting at me until I do 🙂

Imagine, humans show up there after ruining the Earth and realize that was their old planet 😂

@altortugas5979

2 жыл бұрын

That wound be a Douglas Adams level of dark irony.

@sacr3

2 жыл бұрын

Probably left a message saying "don't fck up the new one!"

Ah, the Kurzgesagt shirt is a really nice touch!

to master a solar system as identity is a talent to explore - for everyone alive and everyone to come alive for all of eternity

We need to get headed there! Generation ships are needed!

Is it plausible that our solar system might have formed in a different location from our galactic center and was moved in or out by interactions with other stars? That these interactions may also have affected our planetary alignment and possible mass extinction events?

@Bitchslapper316

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, absolutely. Current theories suggest a star passes within our ort cloud or closer every 50,000-100,000 years and has done so throughout the history of our planet.

@the1pump1der25

2 жыл бұрын

as far as i know yes! stars like our own tend to form together in clusters and will often fling each other in different directions early after forming. as far as i know, our star wouldv'e done the same. as for the mass extinction, not quite sure, tho i think it's hypothesised that some of our mass murdering asteroids may of originated from stellar flybys dislodging them from their orbits and sending them toward the inner solar system

@the1pump1der25

2 жыл бұрын

@@Bitchslapper316 ya beat me to it XD

@georgethompson1460

2 жыл бұрын

@@the1pump1der25 you mean NIbiru the aliean star that controls the lizard people?

Excellent news! Good to know that the Stellaris game we live in might have guaranteed habitable worlds set to at least 1.

Speaking of Proxima, has there been any further updates about the strong radio signal coming towards us from there that was mentioned on the "Is it Aliens yet" episode? An invading fleet of Proximan's or another transiting exoplanet?

Is anyone YET developing an unmanned exploratory spaceship that could get close enough to Proxima so we could really see what is going on there? Not a flyby, but a craft that would Remain in that area? Something that would have a useful life of several centuries after arrival? We should have launched such a device decades ago. I get the impression I'm dreaming here...

@calebwhite1454

2 жыл бұрын

We don’t have the tech for several centuries and 200-300 years from now if we aren’t already sending people somewhere, we are doomed,, but as it stands, sometime in the 2030’s is a planned launch of probes to get a better picture of the place, literally, as well as detailed information, measurements and all that. It’s a massive start and if all goes well, maybe we could see efforts towards more in depth missions. Sadly even once they launch the probes, it will take 10-15 years to get information back because of the distance, time to arrive and time to get the information back. So like 2050 before we know anything more than we do now

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

@@calebwhite1454 but we really do have the tech within reach. I'd say "several centuries" is much too pessimistic, frankly. Maybe one, if that. And if we ever get that fusion power thing figured out, we could sustain high enough speeds (once we get past the acceleration stage) to cut down the length of travel there to maybe one generation, comfortably two, to reach the planet with humans. Just sending probes there would be considerably faster, as they can deal with much higher Gs in their acceleration/deceleration phases. You may be able to cut it way down, in fact, and get the trip done in much less than even one full generation.

@MaryAnnNytowl

2 жыл бұрын

We didn't have the technology decades ago. We barely have the tech to send a probe closer, in fact (look at how weak the Voyager messages got near the edge of the solar system). Yet. Once we stick nuclear power into something that's got a bit stronger radio, we will be good to go. It would still take multiple decades to get much more than we can get from herd, but only 3 or 4 decades, I think, is the current thinking. So, depending on how old you are, how healthy you are, and your genetics, you could live to see this become a reality and see what the probe finds!