Full podcast episode: kzread.info/dash/bejne/ppiqmdRrerbVm6w.html Lex Fridman podcast channel: kzread.info Guest bio: Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast.

While the discovery of neptune is undoubtedly a success story, what it also important to mention is planet Vulcan. When mercury's orbit was deviating, we hypothesized a planet just as we did for neptune; one so close to the sun we couldn't see it. But it turns out, our model was wrong. It wasn't just more matter we couldn't see.

@tma2001

Ай бұрын

nice catch! yeah it was a modification of gravity.

@lobohez7222

Ай бұрын

Exactly, sloppy arguments of our "top minds" worries me.. Dont forget our "top minds" still advocates covid vaccination, after millions of dead and tens of milluins fucked up.

@guitarriff123

Ай бұрын

Very great point!!!! 👍🏻

@garetclaborn

Ай бұрын

Also; with Neptune the deviations were not 20x the signal. We are at basically negative sigma.

@bluntforcetrauma6333

Ай бұрын

Hogwash

Dark Matter, matters.

@timmy-wj2hc

Ай бұрын

White doesn't.

@chinaman1

Ай бұрын

Dark lives matter

@matthewcasagrande231

Ай бұрын

Dark energy, energizes.

@annunacky4463

Ай бұрын

Dark frequencies frequent the darkness.

@vandergruff

Ай бұрын

☝African American Matter Matters!

Very interesting to listen to

Dark matter could maybe also be plank relics.I would find that more interesting than modifying gravity or it being a particle.

@guitarriff123

Ай бұрын

Agreed! Primordial black holes would be a really interesting explanation. If only we had an astronomical sized particle accelerator to reach the energy levels needed to observe interactions at that scale 😩😭

@alenkova30

14 күн бұрын

I think its gravity becoming stronger over time. We live in short timescales that we dont see it happening. Almost like when you put something in mud. It will deform over time and absorb it

A lot of people who have never and will never publish a single paper on the subject seem to think they know a whole lot more about it than the people who have.

@nehorlavazapalka

Ай бұрын

it's 50/50 guess on both sides, expertise matters a little in theo. physics because at least 50 % of it is completely wrong (GR vs quantum)...

@johnnytass2111

Ай бұрын

Welcome to People of the Internet. Not unlike People of Walmart.

@timchurch2390

Ай бұрын

So should people just not speculate or talk/think about things they haven't published papers on or what? How about you stop trying to gate keep topics that you don't have any published papers on either?

@mrblack888

Ай бұрын

@@timchurch2390 People with absolutely no expertise should keep their opinions to themselves. The world has enough ignorant opinion already.

@garetclaborn

Ай бұрын

A lot of published papers are recycled garbage and more than half of papers that get past peer review can't be reproduced - at least according to peer review. Michael Faraday has an attitude similar to the one you mock.

Good talk.

Extremely well explained! 👏

Sean is one of the best at explaining the complex theories of physics. Would be interesting to see him pitted against Sabine on the topics of string theory and quantum mechanics😊

He needs Sabine on

@stevenfrancis8478

Ай бұрын

exactly.

@talkingmudcrab718

Ай бұрын

Yes. Agreed.

@caveman-cp9tq

Ай бұрын

HAHAHAHAHA

@julioandrianjafy5296

Ай бұрын

Correct

@antonbelsky

Ай бұрын

He needs Nick Gorkavyi on.

Assuming that space-time is not uniform and only curves due to mass, but has its own structure, similar to the overtones or formats of a vibrating string, only three-dimensional. The idea here is to see a static system dynamically, to make it artificially more complex. So you could see the space-time of the universe as a function, or even make it audible :)

Dark matter interacts via gravity and comprises about 27% of the universe's mass-energy, while dark energy is a mysterious force driving the universe's accelerated expansion, constituting about 68%. If only we had a theory

@johnnytass2111

Ай бұрын

Could we conceive of Dark Energy/ Matter as the multiverse paths that didn't collapse in this observable Universe, thus only being able to sense the absence?

@garetclaborn

Ай бұрын

Hmm so we actually measure expected matter as 5% Another way of reading this is that Lamda CDB is so horrendously bad at predictions that, even after inserting infinities that break causality and go faster than the speed of light, for the inflationary epoch, it still has error bars of more than an entire magnitude different than measurement, 20x. Practically a negative sigma with zero ability to predict anything without introducing tons of error terms and calling them dark x, dark y. Excuse me, it does have 5% ability.

@aroemaliuged4776

Ай бұрын

@@johnnytass2111 no

Is evidence for the particle hypothesis absolutely conclusive? I know MOND has supposedly been ruled out, but do we know for a fact at this point that there can't possibly be any other class of explanations?

I don’t believe that Dark matter is an undiscovered particle. I think it’s just a by product of us not completly understanding gravity space and time. I think that either general relativity is missing something that would account for all the extra gravity we are seeing OR that a quantum Theory of gravity will Explain it.

@VitaILetum

Ай бұрын

very interested in how far we can take quantum gravity theory - with dark matter and dark energy, are less boring answers and just convenient answers. If its a particle its probably more then just one type ~ dark energy probably has variance to it as well. Further still Its possible that these properties are of a higher dimension and why its so hard to detect. if we interact with x,y,z (3rd) and time is our variable as a (4th) it would make sense that other dimensions still have some impact on what we observe.

@Defort-jd8xe

Ай бұрын

This is why he said that it would be more exciting if it wasnt a particle

@johnnytass2111

Ай бұрын

Could we conceive of Dark Matter as the multiverse paths that didn't collapse in this observable Universe, thus only being able to sense the absence?

@garetclaborn

Ай бұрын

I more or less agree with you. Tho in particular I think it is at the intersection of Brownian motion and Lagrange points. Basically as galaxies rotate, they are harmonically kicking themselves.

@givemesomesugar93

Ай бұрын

I dont think you understand enough to have an opinion anyone cares about or takes seriously

All matter matters.

@donwayne1357

Ай бұрын

I released some dark matter this morning. I felt much better after I did.

@IndenturedSavant13

Ай бұрын

I'm antimatter

@donwayne1357

Ай бұрын

@@IndenturedSavant13 Wadda Matta Yu?

@garetclaborn

Ай бұрын

> pareto distribution has entered the chat

@donwayne1357

Ай бұрын

@@garetclaborn Get cornholed tonight.

Its everywhere in my neighborhood.

@superkittyshow1782

29 күн бұрын

Dark matter and brown dwarfs?

@Fister_of_Muppets

28 күн бұрын

Any white holes?

@cbrg870

18 күн бұрын

Lmao I've got plenty of basketball Americans in my neighborhood

What if the charged nature of the solar system and galaxies help hold things in certain orbits depending on mass and charge. Like how the sun is connected to planets via Birkeland Currents. There's no need for dark matter at all.

Is dark matter gloopy and viscous?

@joebotz1243

Ай бұрын

Like mercury

@garetclaborn

Ай бұрын

nah it just makes galaxies spin fast

The only correct answer : maybe. Anyone claiming different is wrong

@miedzinshs

20 күн бұрын

If you choose to ignore the empirical evidence accrued over the decades, sure.

@Adam-vx6to

20 күн бұрын

@@miedzinshs so you know for sure?

@miedzinshs

19 күн бұрын

Science does not work like that. We can have credences for various competing theories that change as we obtain more evidence. Saying “maybe” or “we don’t know” etc does not capture the significant amount of evidence we have for existence of DM.

What trips everything up is that there are galaxies that appear to have very little dark matter in them. So its not necessarily something that's evenly distributed through space like a field or modified graviry. Must be infuriating for physicists!

@Msantor1605

Ай бұрын

😂

Maybe the first 2 things produced from the BB were Dark Energy and Matter (95%). Their unknown physics and interactions over time, then responsible for the creation of 5% visible matter?

Neptune... And how about Vulcan? No planet, just gravity

What about primordial black holes as an explanation for dark matter?

@choilive

14 күн бұрын

while not completely ruled out- right now the evidence points to primordial black holes being dark matter being extremely unlikely. If anything primordial black holes could make up a small percentage of dark matter but that’s it

I am convinced my underwear are Dark matter catchers!

Dark Matter is an "observation." Not a "particle." Yet. Until we isolate a particle, it will remain merely an unexplained data point in our observations.

@joebotz1243

Ай бұрын

It'll never happen because particles don't exist. Only fields and waves

@imbass8151

Ай бұрын

@@joebotz1243 that s a large claim, my friend.

@neilcreamer8207

Ай бұрын

It's not even an observation. It's an idea to account for an observation.

@talkingmudcrab718

Ай бұрын

@@joebotz1243 you're confusing force carriers I think. Particles do indeed exist...

@awesomedavid2012

Ай бұрын

​@@joebotz1243a particle is an energy peak in a field.

Define energy first Lex 😂😊

I’d like to hear Sean in a real discussion with the Electric Universe people. Does the EU paradigm really do a better job of explaining than the standard model?

Have we ever come up with an "analogous" situation that arises from the presence of dark energy? Something that stays the same density in an expanding volume. First thought is that it has to be the thing that is expanding the volume, like adding air into a boundless volume but ... not quite, which is obviously the definition and not helpful. Now I'm thinking, if infinite eternal inflation is true, the dark energy could be in the non-inflating void, and the differential in space-time curvature between the inflating regions and the non-inflating regions creates some kind of tension against the actual fabric of spacetime in the areas that have inflated. That's a ton of math I don't wanna do though.

What if gravity and dark energy are opposites of each other?Concentration of one won’t allow concentration of the other.

"just a particle" lol. A particle that ONLY interacts gravitationally (or incredibly weakly in all other cases) couldn't possibly give us clues into what quantized gravity might look like? A particle that isn't predicted anywhere in the standard model and is therefore the first clear candidate for beyond standard model physics. Im amazed he blows it off so casually as just a boring particle.

Dark matter is a new big bang where there is no gravity due to virtual particles. We can't peer inside of the new big bang space.

The weird thing about physics, as it continues forward, is some of the theories start to sound more and more familiar - familiar in the sense of reminding one of past pseudoscience theories, like Tesla's notion of "ether", innate energy everywhere throughout reality. Other than the leap that Tesla figured that if "energy" was everywhere, why can't it be tapped, what's the difference, at a fundamental level, between modern physics saying that "dark energy" is mysterious energy that is consistent everywhere - and the notion of "ether" being an energy that is everywhere?

@RagingGeekazoid

Ай бұрын

The luminiferous ether was from Hendrik Lorentz.

@sergeyromanov5560

Ай бұрын

because aether is matter, not pure energy duh

Dark matter is a placeholder for something we don't understand.

He revealed his problem. He has the equation and then he waves his hands, but he can't find the words.

“Master Carroll: IS the dark matter more powerful?”

I think the universe is spinning it kind of covers both dark energy and dark matter

@davids.688

Ай бұрын

Me likey the way your brain thinks ... had the same thought a while back for a book I was outlining at the time, because it beggared the question: spinning in relation to what? (the answer to which would seem right up Sean Carroll’s alley). Wish I had become a physicist rather than a fluffer for a sperm bank.

@3:53 the best question asked by Lex so far

@jimmydean123123

Ай бұрын

Remember when this guy didnt know what a woman was

حقيقية لأن حسب وزن الكون هناك مادة أثقل و اكثف من المادة المضيئة ثابت الكوني فيه معادلة تأكد أنه هناك مادة أثقل و اكثف و هناك تجارب كثيرة ستأكد ما أقوله

Amazing, stunning stuff! If I could live again, I would be dark matter physicist!

Spatial gradient. Not the curvature of space. 👍

yes.

I have studied dark matter and discovered the darth vader particle , where light and heatt causes the orbits of the electrons to expand where dark energy causes a force to reduce electron orbits , i need funding to develop dark energy roof panels to produce electricity during night. I require $ one billion to set up my factory in nigeria

Dark matter is just a name we made up to mean "we don't know"

Just as a point to bring up Lex, Neptune was discovered & theorized WITHOUT the use of dark matter. In fact, if you retrospect it, you are just adding random vector forces in the equation & calling it dark matter. Neptune's orbit is fully. FULLY. Explained via GR & the field equations do fully map out its orbit. To this very day, there is zero evidence that Neptune's discovery or orbital motion has anything to do with dark matter.

Imagine using this as a pick up line.

@richardmixon8177

Ай бұрын

Works better than you think.

@jimbob8992

Ай бұрын

Look, it is not fundamentally mysterious, it's my particle. Always pulls in the ladies.

seems like a re imagining of "the Ether" to me, but without wanting to call it that (Dark Energy)

@thomabow8949

Ай бұрын

The ether was conjectural, and has since been refuted. Dark energy is an inference based on observation and measurement, and has not yet been confirmed nor refuted. They are not the same

@RagingGeekazoid

Ай бұрын

@@thomabow8949 The ether has not been scientifically refuted. Only politically defeated. Plus general relativity and dark energy require the vacuum to have properties that are normally associating with things that are "made of something". The main problems with the ether are (1) there's no positive evidence for it (special relativity (Lorentz symmetry) has been experimentally verified to within at least 20 significant digits) and (2) it doesn't explain quantization of fields.

@billballinger5622

13 күн бұрын

As is "quantum foam" "zero-point energy" "spacetime" etc. Scientists dont like to admit being wrong

@jacksmith4460

13 күн бұрын

@@thomabow8949 sorry who said they were the same.I certainly did not but as long as we are playing "put words in others mouths" , but seeing as we are here, there are aspects of both that cross over in terms of what they are describing, if you cant see that , I cant help you. And you are wrong the ether was not disproved, it was dropped in favour of relativity due to experimental observation, but yeh carry on talking at me like I know nothing and you know everything based on an assumption because you did not agree. Yawn

@jacksmith4460

13 күн бұрын

@@billballinger5622 exactly, even the notion they could be triggers emotional reactions in many people its quite strange to observe Soon comes the cries of Peer review lool followed by the wilful ignorance of ego and greed and corruption like they are suddenly not a part of human existence when science is being discussed

Is dark matter more prevalent in larger, more massive galaxies than smaller, less massive galaxies?

حقيقية لأن حسب وزن الكون هناك مادة أثقل و اكثف من المادة المضيئة ثابت الكوني فيه معادلة تأكد أنه هناك مادة أثقل و اكثف و هناك تجارب كثيرة ستأكد ما أقوله و سبب عدم رصدها ليس انها مظلمة بل بسبب كثافتها اكثف مادة في الكون و نسبتها في الكون تقريبا كنسبة المادة المضيئة متقاربين في نسبة وجودهم في الكون

What if an ancient civilisation dyson sphered all the coolest stars before we invented telescopes

It's nothing like the Saturn thing

What if there's not _more_ matter than we observe - but _less_ space than we assume?

I'm surprised at his lack of humility - a recent study of 6 million galaxies and 100's of thousands of quasars (DESI survey) hinted at lambda not being so constant after all. It seems the more data we collect the more complicated the picture. Anyway this is an early release, still a few years to go when it will have measured 35 million galaxies.

Dark matter, controlled by Dark Vader.

@8ojack

Ай бұрын

The way Lex described it in the beginning did sound like the force 😅

Now that they have discovered galaxies that formed 500M years after the fake big bang, could dark matter help form galaxies that early?

Are dark matter farts lumpy?.......No? Than i sh$t myself!

Thw higgs field it surrounds us it binds us and holds the galaxy toegetrr

I also don't want dark matter and dark energy...

Akasha.. Prima materia

Perhaps we can’t observe dark matter because it isn’t a where, but a when. A shadow of sorts.

Darkness is absence of light

I am far to old and under educated to participate in this discussion....But....My high school education and I feel compelled. Every time I see this topic come up , my guts twist in knots. My simple brain tells me there is some understanding of large bodies and how they warp both space and time on the massive and atomic scale that Physicists have missed. Or is so strange the equations don't exist. Or is so simply complicated, NVidia hasn't made the chip set that will allow the computations. As the James Webb begins to reveal secrets of the past. Finding things that shouldn't exist on "Our" cosmological time line. How does dark matter factor into the Way Back Machine when we discover these large bodies we theorized couldn't exist early in the Universe? I guess my hope is that Phineas J. Whoopee and his three dimensional black board will some day come up with the math/explanation that looks a little less like cosmological snot smeared across the Universe. Please be gentle....

Running in circles!.. I c

Dark matter actually was first proposed about a century ago, not in the 1970s. There are many different dark matter theories. Which one is right?

Light matter is thermal energy because it is electrons literally hitting our eye, can burn them etc etc there must be a balance that stabilizes this process. Gravitational lensing is a common way to assess and determine location but not at the speeds or with the ‘foresight’ for a manned vessel capable of hyperspace. Lol

Dark matter.....augh .....i thought we were talking pancake batter!

Could dark matter just be tiny little black holes that emerged right at beginning of big bang?

The ether from the 19th century is back baby!

What if dark matter was the manifestation of light exhibiting mass as a result of a particle that has yet to be discovered?

Neutrinos

Could dark matter be the remnants of atoms that have been destroyed? The mass is still there, but it can't be formed back into anything. I'm probably an idiot.

@RagingGeekazoid

Ай бұрын

There's no mass left after atoms are destroyed, except whatever particles are left over, and there's nothing mysterious about them.

@Chrischi7777

21 күн бұрын

Yes

@stoneandbeachtube

20 күн бұрын

Definitely not an idiot! Throwing out questions like these and figuring out the answers is a great way to learn. It's a fine idea, atoms decaying into some sterile remnant that then just sits around, but if you dig into it you'll find that atoms (and matter in general) isn't really destroyed. In the case of atoms, where the protons and neutrons of the nucleus are made up of quarks, there's something called "baryon number conservation". This is an empirical observation that if some number of quarks and antiquarks go into a reaction, the same number will come out, so quarks don't really go away. (We know that this can't have been true in the early universe, though I'm not good on the exact details, but right now it seems to hold.)

He needs Nick Gorkavyi on.

Dark Matter is real. I've seen it. It ran for three seasons. Good show.

Maybe dark energy is in another dimension that we can’t see

Does it matter?

Neptune was not dark it was undiscovered and you didn't need to make up the existence of a particle.

This will eventually be proven to be BS.

I have calculated the mass and volume of dark matter.

Damn we would’ve had a planet Vulcan? bummer

"There is no dark side of the moon really. Matter of fact it's all dark." -Pink Floyd

I know what it is. The cause of anomalous galaxy rotation velocity, that is. What do you think causes Time Dilation, an accelerated rate of atomic activity? The underlaying atomic forces that drive atomic activity are variable, variable atomic energy/force, thats what causes Time Dilation. Ok, add to this the mass/energy equivalence. Variable atomic energy results as variable mass, that is to say variable atomic mass. VAM variable atomic mass dependant upon gravities distance square law. The mathematical formula has been derived, and it alters the mass distribution within spiral galaxies. It fits, it works. And I guess you might be wondering why atomic mass should ve variable, what is the cause? We have that answer as well

@DarwinianUniversal

Ай бұрын

Its not caused by an invisible undiscovered particle. Rather, its a property of regular Baryon matter that has not been described. Time Dilation indicates a variable that extends to Atomic Mass. And there is your answer

Huge quantum structures collapse in the singularity that we call our universe. The remains are dark matter

Dump the Cult of bumping particles and embrace the Aether.

@RagingGeekazoid

Ай бұрын

Or even worse. Space as an emergent phenomenon. An infinite-dimensional (or non-spatial) world where what we call "proximity" is an interaction between the microprocessors that we currently call "particles" and whose behavior we call "quantum field theory".

Dark matter is sound, this theory I expound.

Gravitational lensing may prove that dark matter is comprised of the crappiest TV shows that broadcasted through the cosmos, thus the weak gravitational attraction.

has Lex been engaging in some bare knuckle fights? noticed a little swelling on the ear...

Dark matter is just too big for our fermions. We are inside the singularity of a black hole for megastructures

That a canddle as can light up a dark room, become 'dark' in the mid-day sun, have to do with the Perspective-Principle. Matter is Frozen Light, (Dirac) 'Light Can't be Seen, what We see as Light, is but electro magnetic waves simulating the Idea of Light'. (Walter Russell) Heat and Freeze, is the two 'Legs', that the entire Stuff-side walk on, Electricity is the Finest Stuff, our Consciousness is 100% electric, all Stuff, and Thoughts is Degrees of weaved electrical compositions. Heat is Real, Freeze is Real, and the Perspective-Principle is Real.

Dark energy is an energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us and penetrates us; it binds the galaxy together. Oh wait, that's Star Wars. Sorry, I seem to have gotten my mythologies mixed up.

Dark energy is just space time stretching.

@RagingGeekazoid

Ай бұрын

Decompressing. Like an explosion that hasn't finished yet.

It's dark energy that they have no clue about.

Sure are a lot of theoretical physicists in these comments If I hear another comment about “haha it’s just ether (arent I smart for knowing about the outdated ether model?). Why are scientists not taking our edutainment theories seriously? It has to be a beuracratic conspiracy.”

I am not a theoretical physicist but I stayed at a Holiday Inn Express once. I believe dark energy is the same thing as what has been called a “virtual particle”.

@superkittyshow1782

29 күн бұрын

You are overqualified

No

It's a deus ex machina.

Yes, it is real. We mathematically manipulate the lensing in equations. You can point at its effects.

I am typing this on the INTERNET.

how can this dude straight up lie and say they havent figured out that one single equation lol

@brian8507

Ай бұрын

He is lying?

Here in lies the difference. We can show Neptune, it's real. No one can even tell us what the fuck Dark matyer/energy even is. They just came up with it because their computer simulations didn't work unless they added it.

No. With Neptune you already knew of other planets/bodies and of gravity and their effects on other bodies. You already had the physics, tried and tested, to figure it out. This is not at all analogous with your treatment of so-called dark matter/dark energy where you've invented a new thing altogether to account for the unknown.

Black Matters Live