Honestly, this is what academic work should feel like; not like some other species operating on another (superposed) planet totally dissociated from ours. I appreciate the effort you have put into your studies, videos and truly admire your sincere desire for progress in these important topics. Thank you!

Thank you Allen. I won't grow tired of your good attitude in applied sciences. Good day to you.

Glad you got the procedure "ironed out."

Don't care about car... I want my house battery bank...

Simply put, Great job. I am no scientist but i love science and i like watching ur programme.

Great project Peter, it really shows how the science works. I'll stay posted to follow whatever follows. Scaling up to a flow battery for a practical application would be interesting.

That was some beautiful modern information of our time! Thanks a lot!

Great, people like you are changing the world with solutions.

It was fun watching your progress over time

Congratulations for your clear vision and action in benefit of humam kind and planet Earth.

Pete you are inspired. I believe this can be an excellent solution to power storage in Australia We have lots of sunshine and lots of iron

Thank you Dr Allen.

I thought it was easier. You are incredibly good person. Thanks

This was great. I just finished watching another video on a commercial company selling onsite energy storage with iron batteries that fit in a 18' container. 50KW per tractor trailer is no joke. They claim it won't suffer voltage fade. They warranty it for 25 years. You are right we are infor a battery future. Thanks to you and your Patreons . I wish my chemistry teachers and professors were as interesting as you.

@claygraner4450

Жыл бұрын

do you have a link to that video you reference?

@jerrywatson1958

Жыл бұрын

@@claygraner4450 That was 4 years ago. Just Google Onsite engery storage solutions. You will get a nice long playlist. The containers are about 20' now but self contained.

Thanks Dr. Allen. That's great. :)

That's awesome! Congratulations on a job well done Peter. I look forward to the inevitable improvements.

Great stuff Batman!

very insightful, thank you for some great tips.

Thanks Peter. A very informative video!

Congratulations, good job. Definitely I'm going to try and make one. The ingredients of this battery are very appealing for off-grid homes or at least I love to have the knowledge to be able to build something like an all iron battery bank to harvest the electricity from my solar panels.

@6969smurfy

5 жыл бұрын

Off grid, nothing better than storing water up hill. Peace Out!

well done this is a advanced tube cell. great innovation.

Wow... Great way to make a flow battery. I am gonna try this

Thank you for this video!

great sharing.. keep it up dr Peter

Awesome video !

I just used two pieces of cold rolled steel for anode and cathode with KOH electrolyte and common FeOH reduced from FeCl and triple rinsed. It works and lasts just as long as yours and is much simpler to build. The steel anode is surprisingly resilient when charging as long as there are no stray CL or other halogen or nitrogen ions around. FE2 and FE3 are automatically formed on their respective sides during recharging and had plenty of space to form large pockets of thick iron hydroxide if you keep the electrodes apart about 3/8" and use dual separator bags next to each other in the KOH bath. For the separator I used cheap and common Tyvek cloth (clothing grade) sealed with a baggie heat sealing machine. This is more or less a home-made hybrid Edison cell (no nickle needed).

@johanson321

2 жыл бұрын

So you started with homemade Fe(II) hydroxide as the paste at both electrodes? Have you done any more work on it since you posted this?

Very Informative and Thank you for sharing this video.

great video

Thanks very well done

Nice idea

Amazing...

Awesome

Hint: sodium polyacrylate dissolves in a NaOH/KOH solution, so, you could dissolve it in alkaline medium, let it dry as membrane and then soak it in an acidic (f.e. H3PO4) solution, which makes it unsoluble again, so you will have a battery with much less electrolyte crossover and therefore better long term storage. best regards, André Leonhardt

@PeterAllenLab

5 жыл бұрын

Thanks - good idea. I suspect that the iron acts to help it stay gelled as well. I've read about polyvalent ions acting as ionic crosslinkers for this kind of gel. We could probably dissolve it in base, then treat with iron 2+ to generate a "pre-equilibrated" separator.

@GreenCaulerpa

5 жыл бұрын

Peter Allen Good, idea, I have also thought about the Fe3+/Fe2+ compound to act as crosslinker, because of its trivalent, acidic- reacting nature. Maybe you should give it a try? You are really one of my personal heroes on yt, I almost feared you wouldn't anwer, I am glad you did :) Your videos really don't get the attention they should, poorly. If you want, I could help to improve your battery performance greatly, I have many ideas concerning this. I really appreciate your work, best regards, André Leonhardt

@abdalrhmannegm6227

5 жыл бұрын

What about using ferric nitrate or perchlorate instead of sulphate as it is far more soluble? and why you don't use ferric hydroxide instead of sodium? Thanks doctor for your information that you give keep up great work

@GreenCaulerpa

5 жыл бұрын

simply because iron hydroxide is unsoluble in water and so you would have to use far more NaOH/KOH than Fe(OH)3 to dissolve it. The battery is based on the difference in the iron oxidation states, so in alkaline it probably won't work pretty well. The OCV may be therefore a bit higher. If you use alkaline medium, the membrane also may be way more expensive, because most polymers will hydrolyse, especially protein based ones. The only cheap one I could imagine would be crosslinked PVA. Oh, if you use iron hydroxide (insoluble in water), you will get almost no ionic conductivity and therefore a pretty small current.

@abdalrhmannegm6227

5 жыл бұрын

Andre Leonhardt thanks alot, early days I was making iron II&III hydroxide by electrolysis and it was forming a suspension then settle down to the bottom I forgot...but what about the nitrate salt as a cathode,and what is"ovc"? and what to do to get better knowledge of"membranes and b-seperator". I think the alkaline medium is to neutralise the So4-- produced by reduction of ferric sulphate so it could reducted easily as you have removed reduction product"So4--"

ESS Inc makes water flow batteries for green energy storage ie renewable energy storage from windmills.

I've recently become aware that these iron batteries are a thing. I was very excited about them because, from what I hear, they basically never wear out. You can use and recharge them forever, and if you ever did need to recycle them for whatever reason, the materials can basically be dumped into the environment with no harm done. My question would be, if one were to make his own battery, how much would it cost to build one for 100 amp hours at 12v? I just looked up the cost of regular batteries at that spec, and they range from $60ish (for the old lead acid type) up to nearly $1,000 for an awesome new Lithium one. Would building your own put the cost in a competitive range with these already established and readily available types?

@AriBenDavid

5 жыл бұрын

Nickel-iron batteries have been around since Edison and before (about 1850!). They are still being made in China but cost about four times as much as lead-acid for the same energy storage capacity. Many have been used in fork lifts and have been known to have >70 years of service.

@patscopat

5 жыл бұрын

IRON EDISON.com ,Colorado sells 12v 100ah battery for 1100 dolars.

@beascene6998

5 жыл бұрын

DO NOT be confused! This is NOT a nickel-iron battery. As the OP said, this battery is all iron. The electrolyte is basically a type of salt water with a mostly neutral pH. Your nickel-iron battery uses a very caustic solution of potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte; pH around 10 or 11.

@YodaWhat

5 жыл бұрын

@ZombieTex -- Where are you seeing 12-volt Lead-Acid batteries of 100 amp-hours for around $60??? Car batteries are not rated that way. The "reserve capacity" of car batteries is the number of minutes they can support a 20-amp load, not 100 A, nor the number they usually feature, the CCA, which is only for a few seconds at a time... with significant voltage drop. Also, be aware that 12 V times 20 A, which may sound like a lot, if maintained for 20 minutes, is still only about 1/12th of a kilowatt-hour.

@gravelydon7072

4 жыл бұрын

@@YodaWhat Cheapest ones that I have seen are right around $100 for a dual purpose Deep Cycle/Starting Marine battery in size 27.

Nice work. Dr i want to know if there is a reason for using K2SO4 + FeCl2 instead of taking FeSO4

THANKSGIVING

Hi, cool project! You mixed up a lot of chemicals that were a bit complex for some people. Is it possible to source them premade from somewhere?

@lousassle9387

2 жыл бұрын

You can either find them on any distributor ie fisher, sigma aldrich, or you can make them through any cited route of synthesis. Salts like these are relatively easy to make, so just search their structure

Thank you for sharing. Interesting how it could be done at home to the scale of ~50kWh size

@anonymousmonster6492

2 жыл бұрын

Go for the vanadium flow option,

I am curious about durability. Would you expect the steel wool to eventually fall apart over many charge/discharge cycles as it gets plated onto and dissolved from? And will the Fe3 vs Fe2 get "unbalanced" when it produces hydrogen? Thanks for making this whole series!

@ckimsey77

Жыл бұрын

If done properly, the fe3 is reduced directly to fe2 by electrons provided thru the circuit...and the opposite will occur when charging IF the proper voltage/current input is correct to notoverdrive the rxn. This is the beauty of long-term dependability as this cell chemistry doesnt need to dissolve and regrow, as the iron is always in an oxidized state staying in solution; where other batteries oxidize metal into solution as ions which are reduced back to metallic base form and regrow...this redox rxn just moves between 2 different oxidation states never converting solid to ion. This is why the cells have a comparatively lower voltage as the energy difference between +2 and +3 is less than going from Fe to Fe+2, but large enough to do work. With a large cell and circulation of the solutions through and over the surface of the electrodes, one can eliminate most internal resistance by eliminating diffusion time and increasing reaction rate significantly with increased reactant contact due to convective movement rather than diffusion

Great work! What's next? Will you continue to work on improving the iron based battery? If so what's are some theoretical goals that you'd like to reach for? Kindly, if you could post some links as to where to buy some of the materials like graphite foil, felt etc.. would be great

@GreenCaulerpa

5 жыл бұрын

jim S Hello, I would suggest either this link --> m.ebay.com/itm/3-5-8-10-14mm-PAN-Based-Graphite-Carbon-Fiber-Cloth-Fabric-Mat-Foil-Felt-U08N/182642514504?varId=485200237326&_trksid=p2060353.m2749.l2649&_mwBanner=1&_rdt=1 or www.fuelcellstore.com/index.php?route=product/search&search=felt as a source for the graphite felt. If you live in america, fuelcellstore might be the best, but I'd rather suggest to use the ebay link, even though the delivery might take up to 1 1/2 months. I personally use the ebay one, because it has a massive surface area and is really inexpensive, while having an excellent conductivity (less than 10 Ohms/sq. mtr) regards, André Leonhardt

@PeterAllenLab

5 жыл бұрын

Thanks for asking - I added the materials to the description. A more complete written instruction set will come out before too long and I'll add a link to that as well.

Hey Peter, I find the Sodium Polyacrylate never dissolves in water. If I dry it on paper, little gell nuggets eventually are stuck here and there on the outside. Is my Sodium Polyacrylate different? do I need to wait longer than a day for it to dissolve?

Insert peter Griffin: "Why aren't we funding this?" The chemistry is so simple and the materials are readily available.

Could this be upscaled or would you just add more? How big/many would i need to power my house?

@beascene6998

5 жыл бұрын

check out this vid kzread.info/dash/bejne/eqGoq5qQkdedorw.html

Just a quick question, How does your iron battery stack up to the Lifeso4 battery mostly from China?

@saltyballs1041

4 жыл бұрын

DAYAN RICHARD LOW interesting question, google provides us this readout “Nominal cell voltage: 3.2 V Specific energy: 90-110 Wh/kg (320-400 J/g or kJ/kg) Energy density: 220 Wh/L (790 kJ/L) Energy/consumer-price: 3.0-24 Wh/US$ Cycle durability: 2,000 cycles Specific power: around 200 W/kg” Seemingly lower energy density than lithium iron phosphate, however longevity of the cells is an advantage being capable of thousands more cycles than the lithium. I see iron phosphate cells in solar banks often, which is appropriate but imagine a larger battery pack that we don’t need to replace after a few years (2000/365=5.48 years) and this is an advantage over using lithium in my understanding.

Interesting.May you please inform me about the materials used to build aluminum - carbon battery

how many amp hour will you get from your battery?

How about using fine fibreglass mesh for the separator?

Hi Peter - Cheers all around - what a precious amount of information you share with us and educate us. Can you comment on the cell relative to self discharge? I'm guessing its quite low ??? Dennis

@PeterAllenLab

5 жыл бұрын

With the polyacrylate membrane, the self-discharge is significant. It will hold a charge for days not weeks. Using Nafion is preferred, but more expensive. In a commercial system, a higher performance separator could be used.

YOU CAN FORM THE ANODE AND CATHODE WIRES INTO A COIL AROUND THE PLATES TO CREATE A ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD THAT PERMEATES THE PLATES AS THE BATTERY DISCHARGES OR CHARGES TO CATALIZE THE CHEMICAL REACTION.

@mycthedestroyer

2 жыл бұрын

Dude email this is the science behind inductive battery

whats your licencing on this? can anyone make it and sell it? or is it personal use only? great work regardless!

Wonder where this could be translated into the products that would common to the average person?

Can I have a PDF on how to build these types of for Home use and its parameters, like ESS....... thank you

@FixItYerself

4 жыл бұрын

can we just scale this up about 10x? I'm thinking 10 gallon aquariums would work. (His article is linked in the description, btw.)

Thanks, It was really great video, i hop you also make lithium ion battery just like this video

i wonder if using graphene and hematene would yeild interesting results?

Is it rechargeable? If so may I ask how you got past the hydrolysis problem please? Thank you

@PeterAllenLab

10 ай бұрын

It is rechargeable and the pH is high enough (>7) and the voltage low enough (

what is the efficiency of these batteries?

@stephenherbert8575

5 жыл бұрын

Good question. Any answers ?

Is there an upper limit on size of the iron battery. All systems seem to have a range of minimum and maximum efficiencies. If a person had space to allow a 45 foot storage container, would that be outside the efficient size limitation, I could see this as an excellent system for agricultural use.

what about a flow version ?

How does it compare to a nickel-iron battery?

Is it Environmental friendly in case of any leakage of the two liquids?

@gulshanchaurasia2233

3 жыл бұрын

yes, those are salts so, hundred percent echo friendly and non toxic

how to make a flow battery?

Is it rechargeable?

would it be worth using them for home power storage?

@stephenherbert8575

5 жыл бұрын

Good question

@rickhalverson2014

5 жыл бұрын

YES - the ratio of weight to power works best for stationary applications.

@homermcclain7694

5 жыл бұрын

Rough size on 48 volt 1000 kilowatt hour

@FixItYerself

4 жыл бұрын

@@homermcclain7694 consider ESS made a 40kw battery fit into a tractor trailer, very large.

I am starting work on the iron battery. Where do you get your cellulose Acetate. I am using cigarrete filters but I want a healther alterative. Thanks for all your great research.

@PeterAllenLab

4 жыл бұрын

I believe we got it from a chemical supply retailer like sigma-aldrich. I don't know a more convenient source. If you find one, I'd love to hear about it

So what size are we looking it if someone wishes to make 12v 150Ah battery?

Hi peter - ism't more like a DC"generator" than a battery``????

Not a word about how many amps of power, how long it lasted, or if it blew up.

@smilo_don

5 жыл бұрын

At 3:26 he says 6 cells are about 600mA and 2v

@dayanrichardlow282

5 жыл бұрын

Hi, From Borneo thanking you for sharing your expertise

Nice work. Still, even for stationary use, the energy density is the 600lb elephant in the room. The average house could use a 100kwhr bank. I haven't done the math but that would probably call for a bank on the order of around 10 tons, just pulling a number out of the air. Your electric house would need another house to contain the bank, and a very sturdy foundation and floor. For remote monitoring or switching stations or whatever, with low power demands, it could be a thing, though. I like the chemistry there... more or less ph neutral electrolyte! Nice. Iron... and BTW have you done any work with alkaline Nickel-Iron cells? Like Edison cells, in comparison? Your iron-iron batteries, what sort of lifespan in household use would you expect? And how many charge/discharge cycles? Is there a minimum state of charge? What sort of internal resistance or self discharge rates could one expect? I have an electric boat and so far the best bang for the buck I have found is GC2 size 6v golf cart batteries, 220ah for about $85 at Sams. With proper care well, I am 7 years in on my first bank and they are only now showing signs of failure, I figure I have another year of useful life left in them. I am forced to replace one, or else reduce bank voltage to 42v, soon, and these batteries really work best when cells are matched by age. Yes, LiIon or LiFePO4 batteries would boost performance and increase allowable depth of discharge, and maybe last a little longer, and weigh less, but there is the cost which is about 4x the cost of my FLA bank, and for the average consumer, what I am getting at is for the example 100kwhr house bank, the cost needs to be reasonable and needs to beat the cheapest Flooded Lead Acid batteries available. Iron-only batteries offer a glimmer of hope there, but at some point on the power density curve, the case material, manufacturing process, and shipping charges will become prohibitive even as the active material cost approaches zero.

@FixItYerself

4 жыл бұрын

the ESS Inc 40kw battery is a truck trailer, so yeah, there's that.

How would this perform in zub zero temperatures?

@PeterAllenLab

4 жыл бұрын

Probably not very well. It's a strong salt solution and would not freeze at 0 deg C, but it would freeze eventually.

1:05 yes but mostly because we use more iron then lithium

thank u...any posibility to power a laptop..how big a batt u need in size weight ussing solar,,and a invertor..

@kreynolds1123

5 жыл бұрын

Please understand that while someone could just try to answer your question, I'd like to help give you and anyone else with a specific application need, the tools to figure out the answer to their need. 1) Go to ebay. Search laptop power supply. Pick one. Take note of its voltage and amp rating. Consider how long you want to run it. The purpose is determine how much of a battery you need in terms of voltage, amps, and amphours. 2) Rewatch the video. Take note of the battery figures stated between 3:27 and 3:50 in the video. 3) Divide the laptop power supply rated voltage by the 6 cell battery voltage in the video to determine how many 6 cell batteries you need in series to get the right voltage. 4) Take the amps of the 6 cell battery in the video and divide that into the laptop power supply amperage rating to determine minimally how many 6 cell batteries you need in parallel to minimally supply the amps needed. 5) Multiply the number of 6 cell batteries in parallel by the number of 6 cell batteries in series to determin the minimum number of 6 cell batteries you need to replace the laptop power supply. 6) Multiply the amp hours of a 6 cell battery by the number of 6 cell batteries by the voltage of a 6 cell battery to get the total energy is stored in all the series and parallel batteries. If it more than what you needed to to run it as long as you wanted to, then great. If it is less energy then you need, then you need to add more batteries in parallel and rework your numbers. 7) When you have determined how many total batteries you want, multiply that by the mass of each battery to get the weight. Note: 1) There are opportunities to improve the energy density with different construction methods, material dimensions, and spacing between plates. 2) as for laptops, it was not made clear of you intended on replacing the lithium battery with an iron battery (bad idea if you want to carry the laptop because it will weigh roughly 25 times as much, not to mention you'll need to replace some of the charging electronics inside thelaptop), or if you just want to charge a laptop battery and how many times do you want to charge it. A laptop power supply supplies enough current to both run the laptop and charge its battery. 3) as is with all batteries, one is likely to get better amphour performance from each individual battery as he adds more batteries in parallel beyond his minimal need.

@scurvofpcp

5 жыл бұрын

You may want to look into a buck stepup dc to dc transformer, I'm using one of those to run my 19 volt laptop on a car battery.

@FixItYerself

4 жыл бұрын

The large Dell chargers output 6.75A at 19.5V = 131W. With this battery only containing 1.2w (0.600A * 2v), you need 110 of them to charge your laptop for an hour. On the bright side, you'd have a laptop battery that lasts for decades.

What would it take to scale this up to use for a solar battery storage unit?

@PeterAllenLab

10 ай бұрын

The newer videos have some improvements. It's reasonably scalable (though messy) if you want to DIY. Building a company to scale up is going to be expensive to get started.

4:12 so toilet paper can be an option here because it has very similar measures. Just fold it in half and you can use it.

Genius, but that process needs a lot of optimisation.

Would you share more data on this project? I am not wanting to sell anything, I just want to build my own batteries if I can, for my off grid home. I was wondering thinking about nickel iron, I haven't sourced the matereals. I need something around 100kwh and as much as 250amps @ 24v, I like the long possible life of the nickel iron, thanks great video...

@jerrybender6633

5 жыл бұрын

research iron n water flow batteries thats what u need right there

Hello Peter can iron chloride 2 replace iron sulfate 2 ???

I did it gives about 1.80v per cell. 3cm by 7cm by 1.72mm are its dimensions. No expensive or hard to get material's are used.

Wonder why you did not use bismuth sulfate?

Is this about the same voltage as ni-cad battery ? And how much space would 1000 ah, at 28v consume? Great video, I'm looking to power my house, I thought about building nickel iron batteries, I have fla, and lithium batteries now, but need much more capacity, and cycle life,

Nice job , how many cycle s it can be used.

Thanks for all the comments and support. The new version is now available! Version 2.0 Announcement: kzread.info/dash/bejne/rGqqxcSRfK6wgpM.html Version 2.0 Publication: doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00171 Version 1.5 Build Video: kzread.info/dash/bejne/mmGYsKSJXc-YotI.html

@borber5872

2 жыл бұрын

weird ears

@borber5872

2 жыл бұрын

you sounds like a jerk, nickel foam and iron foam edison bateries are the best you are payed for shit

Iron sulphate can break into SO2

Dr. Peter Allen, excellent video, where are you based, interested to make one such battery. I am based out of India.

You think you could get a higher output efficiency by using a low volume circulation of the electrolytes in a larger cell, so to minimize internal resistance by nearly eliminating diffusion from the surface through the liquid and effectively working as if the surface area contact were greatly increased by using convective effects of the flowing liquid over the reactive surface; thus greatly increasing reaction rate by increasing reactant contact due to a flowing solution through the metal mesh??

Thanks for the information. Do you need to charge them or is it a chemical action that makes the electricity?

I'm interested in the membrane that you created could you use that for a fuel cell hydrogen fuel cell with platinum in the whole thing Hillary so has oxygen your your container has oxygen on one side with the platinum and then and then what happens you have a barrier in there and then you have the hydrogen dribbling on another side and I know that another electrode and apparently he creates electricity just wondering if this membrane that you made it might hold up

@PeterAllenLab

4 жыл бұрын

We have tried several, but hydrogen is really good at getting through membranes. Usually fuel cells use Nafion. We have tried paper treated with nafion suspension, but even that might leak too much for a fuel cell. You really don't want hydrogen and oxygen to mix. The iron battery is very tolerant to cross-membrane leakage compared to a fuel cell.

whats the best way to build such a battery the size of a car? no, not FOR a car, but the SIZE of a whole entire car? and what would the energy density/ storage compare to?

@PeterAllenLab

2 жыл бұрын

Our latest work has some ideas. We made a 1L prototype. A car might be 2000L? dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00171

Is this chargable or one time use?

@PeterAllenLab

2 жыл бұрын

It's rechargeable - we've cycled ~1000 times.

These directions might need more clarity...see all the pouches in the bin? WHat’s the waterier liquid surrounding the pouches? What’s that for?

Good job !!!! :) 👍+SUB 🙂 Regards Paul P

But what is the chemistry?

Very interesting, however the names of the chemicals made this seem difficult.

A company called ESS is scaling this to support the solar grid. This battery has specific uses... not cell phones or cars...yet grids and large electrical fabrication

@artregeous

5 жыл бұрын

do you know the weight of that container and how much kwh it produces as hp conversion I would love to learn research for a mid size trawler boat regardless im too old for these and ignorant thanks for any info

@beascene6998

5 жыл бұрын

@@artregeous you can try but I think you will find that this batteries are generally too heavy for vehicle use. Check out the ESS vid here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eqGoq5qQkdedorw.html If you want your boat to have free power, get a sail. Worked for the ancient Egyptians. Should work for you too.

How big would be a 10kwh one for the house. Why not? ;-) serious question, thanks.

@PeterAllenLab

3 жыл бұрын

This is the old version - we've done better. kzread.info/dash/bejne/rGqqxcSRfK6wgpM.html With the best version, you would need to have a battery of ~1000 L for 10 kWh. So, it would fit in a pickup truck bed. Still way bigger than we would like, but it's progress.

@peters972

3 жыл бұрын

@@PeterAllenLab Thanks! Looks super promising.

In comparing energy densities, you forgot ethanol, easy to make, sustainable, non-toxic. Prohibition forced a generation to lose this direction, and enabled the oil dependence to take hold.

Interesting but must be better designs to get more output

@duminicad

5 жыл бұрын

Shane mike I think that using thinner separator between the a and c would boost its performance, pva layer? wrapping foil? try it!

Next thing your going to tell us is that we need tears of a crocodile. Thank you for the info, however it would be nice to know how to make one with common household goods instead of pure compounds. So that when shit hit the fan we can make one out of some urine and rusted nails. Thank you.

@lezbriddon

4 жыл бұрын

yeah i dont think these videos ever help anyone, i couldnt do this with the wife's kitchen utensils

you must be a chemist to do the procedure, what happen if you mix up the procedure does it cause a big BANG?

Buy LED lights. Twenty watts instead of 100--savings add up. Maximize use of daylight. Reduce your animal fats into candles and soap--they don't stink if reduced enough. It's fun. Learn to knit, crochet, sew. Garden where possible. Be surprised how fun life can be.

@roddoney7568

5 жыл бұрын

Yes. When I was building my home years ago, I wanted low voltage lighting because you could get more lumens per watthour. Now that Led's are here, the same holds true.

@davidbrown552

5 жыл бұрын

@@roddoney7568 The whole thing is how fun it is to be self-sufficient and not piss away one's hard earning with always-on TV, incandescent lights left on, fast food, etc. Yes, LEDs.