Our second presentation briefly explores two important aspects of any research study: research study design and subject sampling. Any research needs to be planned out before it is conducted so as to best answer the research questions that are being asked. This planning is the research design. The research design determines the role of the researcher, what data is collected and how it will be analyzed. Part of the design includes where the data will be collected and from who or what it will be collected. In qualitative research the data can be collected from documents, past speeches or from participants (often called "actors" in qualitative studies).