INFLAMMATION Part 6: Chemical Mediators: CYTOKINES: Interleukins & Chemokines
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5. Cytokines are low molecular weight regulatory proteins or glycoproteins Secreted by white blood cells and various other cells in the body in response to a number of stimuli. Mainly by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, but also endothelial, epithelial, and connective tissue cells Mediate INFLAMMATORY and IMMUNE reactions
6. Cytokine is actually a general term Other names Interleukins lymphokines Monokines Chemokines Produced by one leukocyte ad act on other leukocyte Produced by Lymphocytes Produced by Monocytes Cytokines which are having chemotactic activities Interferons Involved in antiviral responses Colony stimulating factors Supports the growth of blood cells
7. Actions: general Properties ENDOCRINE ACTION Circulation Distant cell
8. PARACRINE ACTION Nearby cell
9. AUTOCRINE ACTION
10. Other Properties Exhibited by cytokines Pleiotrophic Redundancy Cascade Induction Synergy Antagonism Different cell types can secrete the same cytokine or a single cytokine can act on several different cell types Similar functions can be stimulated
11. • Mediate the leukocyte cross-talk (hence the name) • Up to 38 ILs have been so far identified, numbered according to the order of discovery • Involved in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory/autoimmune diseases INTERLEUKINS
12. • The interleukins and other cytokines which have a significant role in Acute inflammation are • IL-1 • IL-6 • IL-17 • TNF-alpha • Chemokines
13. • Two most important cells which are the sources of most of the cytokines are • MACROPHAGES & T LYMPHOCYTES INTERLEUKIN-1 INTERLEUKIN-6 TNF-α INTERLEUKIN-17 TNF-β
14. INTERLEUKIN-1 INTERLEUKIN-6 INTERLEUKIN-17 Macrophages , Fibroblasts, endothelial cells & few epithelial cells Macrophages, Fibroblasts endothelial cells & few epithelial cells T Lymphocytes Stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules Emigration of neutrophils & macrophages Secretion of other cytokines Fever Systemic Response: Production of Acute Phase Reactants from liver Particularly important in inducing B-Cells to differentiate into antibody producing Cells (Plasma Cells) Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes Secretion of other cytokines like IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1β, TNF-α, chemokines
15. TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR -α Macrophages cells, Fibroblasts endothelial cells & few epithelial cells Stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules Emigration of neutrophils & macrophages Secretion of other cytokines Fever Regulates energy balance by promoting lipid and protein catabolism and by suppressing appetite TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR -β B & T lymphocytes only Cellular cytotoxicity Development of spleen and lymph nodes Not much role in acute inflammation
16. CHEMOKINES Macrophages cells &endothelial cells Family of Small 8-10kD proteins Act as chemoattractant for leukocytes They Bind to 7 transmembrane G protein coupled receptors They direct the movement of circulating leucocytes to the site of inflammation and injury.
17. C chemokines CC chemokines CXC chemokines CX3C chemokines Adapted from ©Kohidai L TYPES
18. CC chemokines . CC chemokines induce the migration of monocytes Also NK cells and dendritic cells. Examples: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) Induces monocytes to leave bloodstream and enters the tissue to become macrophages CCL5 ( RANTES) Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted Attracts cells such as T cells, eosinophils and basophils
19. The two N-terminal cysteines are separated by an amino acid, represented in this name with an "X". CXC chemokines induce the migration of Neutrophils & LymphocytesExamples: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Induce the migration of Neutrophils CXCL13 Induce the migration of Lymphocytes CXC chemokines
20. C chemokines Has only two cysteines Examples: XCL1 lymphotactin-α and XCL2 lymphotactin-β. Induces migration of lymphocytes
21. CX3C chemokines Examples: Fractalkine (or CX3CL1) Both a chemoattractant Chemotactic for monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells and as an adhesion molecule
23. ROLE OF OTHER CYTOKINES IL12, IL17 & IFN-γ are involved in chronic inflammation Interferons Also Involved in antiviral responses Colony stimulating factors Supports the growth of blood cells eg.IL7,GM-CSF etc.
24. APPLIED ASPECTS IL-6 receptor antagonists are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis IL-17 antagonists are very effective in psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases. Inhibiting cytokines can prevent some harmful effects of inflammation and immune reaction Inflammation is a double edged sword! Interferons used in the treatment of viral diseases GM-CSF increases white cell count, used after bone marrow transplantation, Chemotherapy induced neutropenias
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Thaaaank God at last I found something I really wanted...those brief and worth of watching lectures....time saving...am glad I found them just before my proff...you really make it sir...may God bless you ❤️
Just went through the whole inflammation series. I hope you make more videos. It was really helpful. Thank you!
Well Explained Sir..I watched All the 6 Videos that u have made on Chapter Inflammation...Great Job Sir... The Concept is clearly Explained and Simplied..A kind Request Sir Can u make a video on Chronic Inflammation and atherosclerosis also .I am having my papers by next week so it would be really helpful ... Looking Forward Regards Nera
Thank you for posting these videos. I would love to learn about the mechanisms of motor neuron disease and how the immune response destroys neurons. Thanks again.
I just started taking cosentyx - an IL-17 antagonist for psoriasis and was curious of the biology of interleukins. Thanks for the explanations. The drug is also helping me move more freely
Sir only bcoz of u I m started loving pathology plz do upload more videos sir , on chronic inflammation and other all topic of physiology plz sir 🙏
Thankyou so much sir I have seen all 6 videos on inflammation nd it’s really very helpful I saved 3-4 hrs time by watching ur videos plz make more videos on pathology🙏
Best channel for pathology on KZread 😊
I appreciate this lecture I found one day before exam and I was graded B+.. Thank you..
really helpful for understanding cytokines as part of my essay in the pathophysiology of ankylosing sondylitis
Sir, your videos are fantastic. It briefly but clearly explains Robbins & Cotrans Pathology. It helps me a lot in my studies. And I've a request to you, please make more videos... Like on Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hypersensitivity, Cell Regeneration, Thromboembolic Diseases & Shock etc. I'm really looking forward for those videos...
Very clear! Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
I was wondering here and there.. Lastly found this masterpiece vedio.. Thank you very much Sir
I watched all the 6 videos. Really well explained :)
Sir i just love your videos...very helpful,short and sweet.. please upload more videos of unit blood...lymphomas, leukemias..thanku for ur helpful videos
Nice....I love pathology course because of this video 🙏🙏🙏🙏thnx
NICE . Learning pathology in a better way.
Great video, psoriasis and PA patient here.
Awesome way of explaining ....... Great job 👏👏👏👏 sir Thank u so much for helping us.
this was very helpful for my internals thankyou so much
Sir please make more videos on others topics of general pathology.. These videos are best explanation of general path one can find...,😊😊
Pls complete the inflammation chap. Sir.... Pls upload remaining part of these chap pls...
Thanks for your video, I love it! Is this the last part of inflammation?
Very helpful to understand and concept building
I loved the videos..waiting for new ones
Sir just look at the playlist. You have not added 4,5 and 6 parts in the playlist of Inflammation. Please do it. That would be helpful and easily accessible. And Thanks for all these. Love Pathology ❤️
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks 🙂
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
3 жыл бұрын
Added videos as suggested : -)
@pratikjepar1721
3 жыл бұрын
@@ilovepathologyVijayPatho thanks😀
Thank you it’s very helpful
Thank you doctor 😊
Sir,pls make a video on chronic inflammation&granuloma
Wow👏👏now I really love pathology
Very good explaination sir please make videos on remaining chapter so it will be more easy for us
please make videos on hemodynamic disorders, thromboembolism and shock
Your vedios are helping a lot
Great work!!
Good work, sir make a video on detail meachanism of action of cytokines
great video!
Thank you so much!!!
Video on chronic inflammation needed. Please.
Thank you so so much sir 🙏
Thanku so much SR ..It helps aloT .
Sir please make videos on chronic inflammation
Plz plz plz upload plasma derived mediators😞😞😞..it's very helpful👍
Sir when are uploading further vedio after cytokines Means paf ,free redicals, plasma derivrd mediators
Sir I love your channel
very nice explanation
Plz..upload the video of thrombus,embolus,infarct,shock
Please upload other vedios too...about complement system and other mediators of inflammation.🥺🥺🥺🥺
@ilovepathology sir please make the video for "diagnosis of cancer"... As soon as possible sir
Amaaazzzing!
Thank you from Bangladesh
Happy teacher's day sir..
Thank you.
Can you ade avideo expleaning the practecal of histopathology pleas🥰
Sir..plz upload about plasma derived cell mediator...i have xam next week
Thanku sir very helpful please do make more videos
Thanks
First thank so much Pls do video of plasma protein derived mediators And where is ros and nitric oxide and lysosomal enzyme and neuropeptides
sir please make lectures on systemic pathology
Sir, when are you uploading the next parts?
thank you so much sir..I have a question..how do corticol have anti inflammatory effect on inflammatory site??
Thank you Sir 👍
Thank u sir.. Please can u make remaining chapters tutorial
Good job dear nice videos
well explained sir
Good evening sir There r 2 type of tumor- primary and secondary. At the time of metastsis , how can find, it's main type or origin means in Brest cancer or lung cancer or bone cancer? Thanku
Well explained sir only thing that I feel is if it is possible to go slow so that we can imbibe more efficiently
Very helpful
Bro please upload a video on thrombosis
Great video sir🤗
Please uplode video about immnunity..like this video...
sir you love pathology but i love you
sir please complete the inflammation chapter....
Thankyou sir!
Well explained sir 👍👍
well explained😉
Plz make more videos on INFLAMMATION.......still we r waiting sir
Plz make lecture on edema
Sir wound healing in pathology vidio bnao plzzzzz
Sir i am a dvm student and your videos helped me a lot bundle of thanx but I'm bit confused from which website we can check that our preparations are upto the mark.kindly sir suggest anyone
sir do u hve any notes of these videos ?
In your humble opinion is all autoimmune disease related to Dysregulation of immune cytokines?
I need more videos..
Please upload the next videos Sir
Love u sir ❤
thanku sir upload a video on granulomatous inflammation sir
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
6 жыл бұрын
in few weeks
nice
Sir what about complement system?
U r great
Sir i am not a student nor i dont know much about your subject, one of my brother has an issue with auto immune disorder. I need to talk to you on this how do i get in touch with you sir, it's very necessary to talk to you, please help me out on this...
respected sir , i never ever understand patho from my teachers but after watching your videos it make everything very simple and easy .will you please teach me general patho at zoom or google classroom 🙏🏼 i am even gona pay tution fees ..
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
4 жыл бұрын
Glad to hear that. good luck:-)
Upload chronic inflammation
Plasma derived mediator ?
How to download your notes??
Sir when are you going to upload the remaining part of the chapter inflammation. Waiting for the next video bcz I'm rn studying this chapter.
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
4 жыл бұрын
Will upload soon
Thanks for the video! This is a shot in the dark but I've been to my GP and also the GI Dr. with healthy test results. My issue is that I have wide spread inflammation. Large bags under my eyes in the morning, swollen hands and any muscles that I use through the day are abnormally tired and sore. In addition I have severe heart burn and IBS. I've found that Digestive Advantage probiotics (Bacillus Coagulants GBI-30, 6086) completely turns all of the aforementioned problems around. It isn't a cure but I'm 85% better when on the probiotic. I'd like to figure out what my problem is because maybe there's something that I can take that is better than the probiotics that I have. What kind of Dr do I see to investigate Interleukins? Are probiotics linked to Interleukin function? Please help... Something is wrong with me and the Dr's shrug their shoulders.
@justfly2525
4 жыл бұрын
@Diane Berg I didn't even know an immunologist existed. Thanks, I'll look into it.
@michiejewel5989
4 жыл бұрын
I’m in the same boat as u.I want to know how I can switch off chronic inflammation other than pro biotics.
Please sir can you make video about healing and repair i very need it i have final exam😥
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
6 жыл бұрын
Hopefully soon!
@Sara-gs6cl
6 жыл бұрын
Thank you
@sanjaybharati154
5 жыл бұрын
sir please upload more videos of pathology ...u r great sir..
Sir can u pls make videos on neoplasia whole topic as it is very important and tough to understand so... 🙏🙏🙏
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
3 жыл бұрын
Have recorded quite a few topics in neoplasia.. Please find them in my play list.. Will be uploading the remaining by next month
@zealdomadia4575
3 жыл бұрын
Okk will try to find it thank you 🙏
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
3 жыл бұрын
@@zealdomadia4575 kzread.info/dash/bejne/pqmr0cmKncanoNY.html
👌🏼
Plz explain in little Hindi also
Very nice videos sir can u please uplode videos for cronic inflammation
@ilovepathologyVijayPatho
4 жыл бұрын
Shreyap Bodana thanks 😊 glad you liked iit..Will plan for more videos