Indo-European News 9/2023 (with Prof. Tony Yates)

A review of recent news in Indo-European studies with fan favorite Prof. Tony Yates (UCLA), who also discusses teaching Hittite and other subjects. Recorded live on Zoom with Jackson Crawford's Patreon supporters on August 6, 2023.
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Пікірлер: 88

  • @semaj_5022
    @semaj_50229 ай бұрын

    I for one would love to see a regular (or semi-regular, at least) series on Indo-European news and updates from you two! This was delightful.

  • @wachuku1
    @wachuku19 ай бұрын

    I once spoke with a Uralicist, who believes that the similarities between Indo-European and Uralic are largely due to the influence of Pre-Proto-Tocharian on Pre-Proto-Uralic, which was so strong as to affect even the core of the language, which, at the time, they believe must have been originally very un-Indo-European-like. They also believe that Proto-Uralic stems from east of the Urals in the vicinity of Lake Baikal.

  • @nenirouvelliv

    @nenirouvelliv

    9 ай бұрын

    At least paleo-genetically the Siberian type ancestry shared by Uralic peoples seems to point at the area north of Mongolia around the Baikals. There's probably a hefty chunk of Eastern Hunter gatherer ancestry among the uralics as well as the earliest speakers migrated westwards, but I think there's a pretty good consensus that uralics and perhaps the Sintastha culture had a contact zone in the southern Urals during middle bronze age which added a lot of old indoeuropean vocabulary to Uralic languages.

  • @1sanitat1

    @1sanitat1

    4 ай бұрын

    ​@@nukhetyavuzThere we go, this is why you were "attacked" loool

  • @antidweller6373
    @antidweller63739 ай бұрын

    The biggest news in my opinion is the latest discovery of a new Rosetta Stone in Tajikistan that allows us to decipher the Issyk and Kushan Scripts. Turns out it was used to write a middle iranic language, possibly a link btw. Saka and Alanic.

  • @am2dan
    @am2dan9 ай бұрын

    "Water". The story in our family lore is that when my parents went to Europe when I was about 5 (and that was a _long_ time ago), they were dying for some water and went into a French restaurant. My dad of course just tries saying "WATER" louder, along with "aqua" and 'agua", but the waiter couldn't (or wouldn't) understand him. Dad couldn't believe it later when he later learned that all he would have had to say was (phonetically), "O!"

  • @bob45

    @bob45

    8 ай бұрын

    French is "special" in its phonetics. As well, the French must be special in that no waiter there understood the English word "water".

  • @kimfleury

    @kimfleury

    8 ай бұрын

    The French don't care if you try to speak French, it's the same as if you don't. The Québécois, however, are flattered if you but try badly.

  • @ADHDlanguages
    @ADHDlanguages9 ай бұрын

    Awesome stuff. As a nonacademic with an interest in these kinds of things, getting a regularish Indo-European news series would be awesome.

  • @thicclegendfeep4050

    @thicclegendfeep4050

    8 ай бұрын

    Armenian and Armenians are very under researched compared to other IE languages and ethnic groups. Would love to hear more about their origins.

  • @AutoReport1
    @AutoReport18 ай бұрын

    Did you see the news a new Anatolian language similar to Luwian has been found in a Hittite collection of rituals? The Hittites referred to it as the language of Kalašma, so it will presumably be dubbed something like Kalašmaic.

  • @spooderman9122
    @spooderman91229 ай бұрын

    This was really interesting, makes me want to go and devour some books on Indo-European

  • @DMIwriter

    @DMIwriter

    8 ай бұрын

    David W Anthony is a good resource,

  • @bobjoe7508
    @bobjoe75088 ай бұрын

    I would absolutely love to see a more regular series on Indo-European. Dr Yates is such a fun guy!

  • @RobertKaucher
    @RobertKaucher9 ай бұрын

    Thanks to both of you for this. Great to see professor Yates back!

  • @vvvvaaaacccc
    @vvvvaaaacccc9 ай бұрын

    absolute fan favorite. I was hungry for Indo-European content and rewatched both of the last two videos last week. thanks for doing this again!

  • @SlaHu.

    @SlaHu.

    7 ай бұрын

    what is meant by Indo European?

  • @MrHazz111
    @MrHazz1119 ай бұрын

    Ponytail Jackson is something I want to see.

  • @InvincibleSummer7
    @InvincibleSummer79 ай бұрын

    The handsome duo is back!

  • @LearnHittite
    @LearnHittite9 ай бұрын

    The Heggarty article, which I think is the one you're referencing, seems to completely ignore archaeology though because as far as Im aware there is no support in archaeology for the hybrid model proposed. The article poorly seems to account for tocharian, and the idea that Greek and Anatolian 'hung around' south of the caucasus together before migrating west ward seems very strange. And the database is a mere 170 terms curated by one researcher. It dismisses the indo-iranic, balto-slavic relationship altogether. Weird and dubious article. I'll have a video on it tomorrow.

  • @cemreomerayna463

    @cemreomerayna463

    9 ай бұрын

    I want to add my opinions on this issue as an AI researcher and amateur linguist. The paper applied a very wrong tool to the wrong subject; they collected a set of core vocabulary from a variety of IE languages and applied Bayesian analysis to make an estimation for the earliest date for the common IE tongue. The problem with this type of analysis is that vocabulary change doesn't occur in a probabilistic manner, but rather via very direct and certain causes such as political and cultural domination, linguistic contact, technical borrowing, etc., none of which was accounted for in the study. Mr. Crawford was very right in using the word "neo-glottochronology" for their method, the researchers basically abused the lack of knowledge of the linguists and archaeologists on statistics. The biggest red flag for me was the Indo-Iranian group since most of the knowledge I have is on Indo-Iranian linguistics. The proposed migration route for the Indo-Iranian branch in the paper does not coincide either with the linguistic landscape of Mesopotamia and Iran or the archaeological evidence. We do not see any evidence for the presence of an Indo-European language as a native language until the Iranian speakers arrive. The languages such as Elamite, Hurrian, Akkadian, etc. show no mark for any contact with the supposedly Indo-European languages that should have been present in that region at that time according to the paper; Indo-Iranian, or Armenian. The only available Indo-Iranian adstratum found in one Mitanni text is very specific to horsery terms and personal names, which seems to have resulted from an incursion of Indo-Iranian speakers from outside bringing technical terms and actually gives great evidence on the lifestyle of the donors of these terms, coinciding with steppe pastoralism. On the other hand, we have solid archaeological and genetic evidence for a migration route from the northeast of the Caspian Sea towards northwest India around the 15th century BC, and then Khorasan and Iran around the 10th century BC. Moreover, the model fails to account for Proto-Indo-Iranian's contact with Proto-Balto-Slavic and Proto-Uralic.

  • @AnthroSurvey

    @AnthroSurvey

    9 ай бұрын

    @@cemreomerayna463 Ancient DNA vet here. I’m highly familiar with the DNA evidence to which you allude, but can you please point me to the archaeological evidence of Andronovo-related pastoralists moving from Central Asia into Khorasan/Iran plateau? I’ll gladly look at the publications: it’s something I’ve been trying to find for a while. I’m curious as to whether there were tell-tale signs of material cultural change, and, if so, what motifs can be directly traced back to Turan. I’m equally curious which route was used: Uzboy-Golestan or mountain passes near Marv/Nishapur. Whatever the case, I don’t anticipate uncovering HUGE waves into Iran. Here’s some brief reasoning for that: Modern-day folks near Tehran and such get ~16% steppe ancestry. Somewhat impressive and may even be doubled(to account for BMAC ancestry) if we assume it all came from Central Asia. If. But the thing is, it didn’t. Half of that steppe corresponds to Srubna and Catacomb waves who got to Iran via Dagestan, speaking either a dead Indo-Iranic language or smth unrelated, respectively. R1b-z2103 figured prominently among them, as it does there today. There is ancient DNA evidence for this. All this is to say that Iranization of the plateau probably involved a great deal of elite dominance, client relationships, and proto-state force.

  • @vv6533

    @vv6533

    8 ай бұрын

    There's zero archeological evidence of sintashta material culture presence in Iran and India. Steppe hypothesis fails to explain Indo Iranian side of the equation. No presence of R1A in bronze age Iran (rather R1b is present which is associated with Yamnaya) and Indian sublclade of r1a l-657 is not present outside of Indian population and few other central Asian population. This evidence is in direct opposition to sintashta being Indo Iranian. What's more plausible is that IranN/CHG is the vector for IE language spread from the south of caucasus region (most likely northern iran)

  • @turmericgarage8509

    @turmericgarage8509

    8 ай бұрын

    Addition of borrowed terms (eg possible BMAC into Indic) would have been helpful in the Heggerty paper, along with grammatical features..

  • @joalexsg9741

    @joalexsg9741

    3 ай бұрын

    Thank you for the enriching insights on this❤!

  • @tante8074
    @tante80749 ай бұрын

    My favourite duo is back. Thank you for all the great conversations you two have been able to share with us (:

  • @davidlericain
    @davidlericain9 ай бұрын

    Tony Yates is my favorite of your guests.

  • @dcdcdc556
    @dcdcdc5569 ай бұрын

    Great talk! It'd be interesting to have someone talk about Armenian and its position in the IE family, seems like it could have some bearing on some of these issues.

  • @armenuhigrigoryan2365

    @armenuhigrigoryan2365

    6 ай бұрын

    I'd like people remember , Anatolia v.s West Armenia,I. do'nt know why and from what time it has been called Anatolia,I think it has been given such name since the time when West Armenia was annexd by Turkey.

  • @Statevector
    @Statevector7 ай бұрын

    Thank you both, I enjoyed every second.

  • @tuasucks
    @tuasucks9 ай бұрын

    Please do the regular features with Tony! One of my favorite videos you've done recently since your cisalpine celtic interview with David Stifter!

  • @LearnHittite
    @LearnHittite9 ай бұрын

    I much prefer The Elements of Hittite by Van Den Hout than Melchert's grammar (although it is also very good). Elements of Hittite feels much more modern and accessible. Payne has a similar style book for Luwian.

  • @umulino
    @umulino9 ай бұрын

    These talks are always so fascinating, thank you to both of you!

  • @thatotherted3555
    @thatotherted35559 ай бұрын

    It's always funny how the best-looking people are so worried about their appearance and aging. The mention of glottochronology resonated with me, in a negative way, because (without knowing the details of what's in it) that really is what the paper sounds like.

  • @NathanaelFosaaen
    @NathanaelFosaaen9 ай бұрын

    Yeah I've been following indo-european archaeology since undergrad and the new study made no sense when I looked at it for the reasons you brought up. How do all these languages share a vocabulary for a technological and economic set that didn't exist yet? Jim Mallory made that point decades ago.

  • @marjae2767
    @marjae27678 ай бұрын

    Do you have any suggestions about lost Indo-European languages of Europe? Illyrian, Thracian, Dacian, proposed "Temematic" and so on?

  • @cooperroe3850
    @cooperroe38509 ай бұрын

    Thank you for your work, guys!

  • @bungalowjuice7225
    @bungalowjuice72257 ай бұрын

    PIE is my favorite subject.

  • @tristanholderness4223
    @tristanholderness42239 ай бұрын

    With the emergence of the feminine as a marker of non-Anatolian being its own clade, my understanding was that even in its earliest stages Armenian has no grammatical gender, which would make it impossible to tell if it went through a stage with three genders before merging all three, or if it only ever had two (as in Anatolian).

  • @andrein7160
    @andrein71609 ай бұрын

    Thank you for the video. Tony is one of my favourite speakers. My second favourite speaker is Caley Smith. Could you interview him on perhaps some recent developments in his research?

  • @GrimDarkHalfOff
    @GrimDarkHalfOff9 ай бұрын

    Finally the news I've been looking for

  • @feanorofsunspear2320
    @feanorofsunspear23207 ай бұрын

    the last question is so foreshadowing to the next IE news episode

  • @JameBlack
    @JameBlack9 ай бұрын

    yeah! our ussual guest!

  • @nenirouvelliv
    @nenirouvelliv9 ай бұрын

    From aDNA the prehistory of germanic languages and peoples is interesting, since we have strong eastern corded ware or battle-axe culture element among the germanic peoples with paternal lineages like R1a and I1a (possibly native paleoscandinavian) with some SHG-like pitted ware ancestry sprinkled in all the way from the mesolithic. Then we do have a more West European Bell Beaker type genetic layer with the germanic r1b-s21 present as well. Since the genetic history of bronze age Scandinavia is so much more multilayered from the rest of the Western Europe, I think it's fair to say that the language isn't going to be your typical italo-celtic Bell Beaker derived speak either.

  • @d0r1an06
    @d0r1an069 ай бұрын

    Does anyone have a link to this much discussed new article?

  • @LeWebslinger
    @LeWebslinger9 ай бұрын

    Could you put the link of the article in the Doobleedoo?

  • @Notsurprising
    @Notsurprising8 ай бұрын

    Hi, Maldivian here! here are some similarities witrh Maldivian language: (Dhivehi) Sanskrit - Lithuainian - Dhivehi - English Dhuma - Dumas - Dhun - Smoke Svapna- Sapnas - Huvafen - Dream (Suvapen) I asume is older word replace S for H and P for F Commonly occurs ( eg;- Soma - Homa -Moon/ Fani - Pani- water ) Danta - Dantis - Dhathe - Teeth ka - Kas - Kaa/ Kaake - who Vira - Vyras - Veeru - Man (Storng man in Dhivehi) Vayu - Vejas - Vai - Wind Deva - Dievas - Dheyvathaa - God Tava - Tavo - Thage - your Dina - Diena - Dhuwas - Day Maldivian language similar to German has grammatical feature of differentiating between objects that Stand, Sit/ lay down. This is from my small observation, I believe there’s a lot more to be discovered from Dhivehi Language!

  • @Symphing12

    @Symphing12

    7 ай бұрын

    It is Indic, so that makes a lot of sense!

  • @paulinmargariti8365
    @paulinmargariti83658 ай бұрын

    I am from Albania. I speak the Illyric language.

  • @rohithrmenon7091
    @rohithrmenon70918 ай бұрын

    Another great collaboration with Dr. Yates. Looks like a lot of archeologists(including Dr. David Anthony) are also skeptical about the conclusions of the also disagree with some conclusions of the Paul Heggarty et al.(2023) paper.

  • @johnc.obrien1021
    @johnc.obrien10213 ай бұрын

    Update on Trevino County, Basque Country: Trevino County is the wealthiest in Spain. It is an enclave in the Basque Country surrounded entirely by Basque counties. People living in Trevino consider themselves Basque and want to belong to the Basque Country. However, Castile and Leon claim it belongs to Burgos , call it exclave and make them pay taxes to Castile. The same applies to Navarre that belongs to the Basque Country but Spain claims ownership. In the Opera Carmen, the Toreador was from Navarre but probably not a Basque man. Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid) was born in Burgos but Diaz surname is likely from Asturias. Asturias is to Spain what Wales is to England and the Spanish King's son is the Prince of Asturias.

  • @EgonSupreme
    @EgonSupreme9 ай бұрын

    Have there been previous studies to first prove that this kind of genetic mapping does indeed track with language transmission and language shift, or are they working from an assumption?

  • @josephkania642
    @josephkania6428 ай бұрын

    Is there some kind of "punctuated equilibrium" model of linguistic evolution?

  • @tristanholderness4223
    @tristanholderness42239 ай бұрын

    With Italo-Celto-Germanic, whilst there isn't much there morphologically (shifting the middle to a passive is pretty much it afaict), but there's a lot more phonologically, albeit mostly changes that are also shared with at least one other branch. In addition to the typical centum changes (i.e. merging ḱ & k, and ḱw and labiovelar kw) all three branches have tt > ss (also shared with Albanian and Tocharian), likely Osthoff's law (also shared with Greek & Albanian), merger of Ṛ and ṚR (shared with Albanian & Baltic), mergers of the shwas with a (shared with albanian, tocharian, and possibly Balto-Slavic, it's hard to tell because they're lost early). The one unique phonological change I know of is the shift to initial accent (which obviously is later reversed in Latin) It's not especially strong ground to base a _clade_ on, but to me, the mutual affinities between each pair of these three branches seems at least enough to suggest a relevant sublinkage of dialectal PIE

  • @nicktsouk6943
    @nicktsouk69438 ай бұрын

    Ancient macedonian and greek is a laguage that split and then came back together

  • @AndrewTheFrank
    @AndrewTheFrank8 ай бұрын

    The idea of a Hittite speaking group being swallowed up by a local group but maintaining the language makes sense. Its not like its the first time in history something has happened. Often when someone expands their borders or starts a colony. So maybe the Hittites made a colony up in that area. It is ruled by Hittites, they speak the language and because it starts to become a power center many of the nearby herders start to learn their language and adopt other things from them. Then eventually it has a bit of independents, the locals take over but they retain the Hittite language. From there they go out and conquer which their success is probably fueled by the general wealth from having been a Hittite colony of sorts. Such a scenario would make sense.

  • @Iskatel.Priklyucheniy

    @Iskatel.Priklyucheniy

    8 ай бұрын

    Турки венгры азербайджанцы хазарейцы афроамериканские рабы

  • @johnc.obrien1021
    @johnc.obrien10213 ай бұрын

    Another interesting point is that the Basque do not consider themselves Latin and their language did not come from Latin. In contrast, the Spanish monarchs were visigoths that agreed to be romanized by Caesar. Two Roman emperors were from Spain, one of them was impersonated by Richard Harris in the movie Gladiator. Queen Isabella was a descendant of visigoths and King Ferdinand was from Aragon (Catalonia) and their daughter was Catherine of Aragon, the fist wife of Henry VIII whose daughter was Queen Mary (called Bloody Mary for killing Protestants in England). The visigoths in Span built many castles as their counterpart did in Germany, The name Castile comes from all the castles they built in Spain. The world is a small place.

  • @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302
    @basilbrushbooshieboosh53029 ай бұрын

    Hi, I'm noticing that you pair have not talked about the southern tip/boundary of the Urals as an important origin area. It being the area that horses may well have been brought into domesticity [?], or brought from wild to tame. Giving their peoples greater choice of movement, greater power for community work or ability for conquest and expansion. Thence spreading west across the North European Plain and SW towards the Caucasus, the Pontic steppe and the Anatolian Plateau. Have I completely missed that this theory no longer holds, or that maybe it wasn't ever considered a viable theory? (ps. am very impressed with your vodcast Jackson, thanks)

  • @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302

    @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302

    9 ай бұрын

    Ahh, did you confirm that migration path, mentioning the Yamnaya Anthony?

  • @ur-inannak9565
    @ur-inannak95658 ай бұрын

    Does the paper give an explanation for why PIE is nothing like the languages indigenous to the areas south of the Caucasus like the Urartu-Hurrian languages or Hattic? I also agree that A-DNA will be very helpful for branch filiations, and my understanding is that both A-DNA and archaeology has suggested late PIE splitting into northern and southern dialect clusters before further diverging.

  • @earnestwanderer2471
    @earnestwanderer24719 ай бұрын

    As a complete tyro it occurs to me.... if contact with other language families contributes to changes in a given language, then a language might remain stable in a situation of limited interaction with other languages/cultures?

  • @jishcatg

    @jishcatg

    8 ай бұрын

    I think group size is probably another very obvious and heavy effect on change rate. Small groups probably don't innovate nearly as quickly as large groups (once you start settling and growing small city states.)

  • @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302
    @basilbrushbooshieboosh53029 ай бұрын

    Was/is the Tartar language an early Indo-European language, do you know?

  • @Iskatel.Priklyucheniy

    @Iskatel.Priklyucheniy

    8 ай бұрын

    Мне как татарину смешно и неловко это читать😅

  • @perforongo9078

    @perforongo9078

    6 ай бұрын

    Nope. It's a Turkic language.

  • @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302
    @basilbrushbooshieboosh53029 ай бұрын

    Gloto-chronology? Haven't heard that one before.

  • @arkaig1
    @arkaig17 ай бұрын

    I just watched all three PIE videos. Re new research skewing timelines, excellent! Maybe there will be some room for EEF to get to England, say. Me? Y=I-M284, from I-P222/I-M223. Not particularly so 'Norse', albeit some, but plenty of 'EEF'. EEF needs time to subdue WHG, before Yamnaya/BellBeaker subdue EEF. Did EEF speak an Anatolian language? Or are EEF where the non-IE all went? As to the wheel, it wasn't THE wheel which freed the Yamnaya from their river valleys, that word lacking in Hittite (or not, either of which you two tell me, and I listen). It was the 2-wheeled axle which made them become hyper-mobile. Kind of like Movable Type versus, say, Mobile SmartPhones. Awesome series. I look forward to the next, less than 2 years hence for sure!

  • @danieltabin6470
    @danieltabin64709 ай бұрын

    Ancient DNA people also are not pleased with this paper. Source: in an ancient DNA lab and most people are extremely skeptical of this

  • @danieltabin6470

    @danieltabin6470

    9 ай бұрын

    On this, it is worth noting even a South of the Caucuses origin of Indo-Hittite doesn't require new dates for a North of the Caucuses Indo-European

  • @_volder
    @_volder9 ай бұрын

    Is there a reason, outside the Bible, why we call Hittite "Hittite"? The relevant words I've seen in their own language are based on "Hat", not "Hit". Genesis & Exodus mention the Hebrew patriarchs owning & getting buried in a plot of land bought from "Hittites" (or maybe a "Hittite"), but give no information to tell us those are or aren't the same people as the ones who use "Hat" for themselves. Even if there is a general tendency for "a" to circumstantially become "i" in Hebrew which I've never heard of, it seems strange to refer to them by a Hebrew word for them instead of their own, and, if there's no such sound shift, they probably aren't the same people anyway. Are there some "Hit" words in Hittite that I don't know of, hiding behind the "Hat" words?

  • @1sanitat1

    @1sanitat1

    4 ай бұрын

    In hebrew the vowel is actually 'e'. Now as to why we don't call them hattites is probably because it's useful to seperate them from their predcessors the hattians, who were not indo-european speakers

  • @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302
    @basilbrushbooshieboosh53029 ай бұрын

    I would think the extent of languages being extant or extinct would be fairly closely tied to community/nationality disturbance and/or destruction, and possibly foreign integration. So that may be a good place to start when looking for temporal points to pin language change's on. I don't however think that the span of a language's life could be deduced from statistical or computational probability.

  • @M.athematech
    @M.athematech8 ай бұрын

    @1:01:27 I don't know how anyone can say they don't see significant similarities between Indo-European and Semitic with a straight face. The pronouns are extremely similar. Yes Semitic personal pronouns tend to have an initial a(n)- syllable that is missing in IE (a trace remains in the first person plural though), but drop that and the remainders are very similar. Even the a(n)- itself appears to relate to IE words for one/an/any. The numerals 1 - 10 all show various degrees of similarity, a person who only knows English typically notices 6 and 7 and maybe 2, but Slavic speakers notice 1,6,7,8,9,10, Romance speakers tend to notice 3,5,6,7 and looking broadly across IE languages and Afroasiatic languages all ultimately show similarity and even have discernable common original meanings. Then there is the vocab, *akwa in PIE , *agam (pool of water) in PS, *wodor in PIE and *ma(n)Tar (precipitaion) in PS, ... ok lets stop there as the list of similar roots with similar meanings goes into the hundreds. Yes there isn't a one phoneme to one phoneme correspondence, its group of similar phonemes corresponding to group of similar phonemes. This is also the situation if one compares Semitic with Egyptian and Berber. Yes because its not 1 to 1 its recognized that these should be considered separate families but that also these separate families are part of the Afroasiatic macro-family with the lack of 1 to 1 correspondence being recognized as due to too many splits and mergers having occurred over time the reasons for which are no longer clearly discernable. But the situation is the same when comparing Egyptian, Berber or Semitic with Indo-European, but here the lack of 1 to 1 is argued to show that its all just coincidence. This is intellectual dishonesty - which one notes originated in the era of race theory and national socialism (prior to which the similarities were actually well recognized).

  • @basilbrushbooshieboosh5302
    @basilbrushbooshieboosh53029 ай бұрын

    32:40 I have also heard of similarities between Welsh Brittonic, Etruscan and (I think) Canaan or Philistine.

  • @williambranch4283
    @williambranch42837 ай бұрын

    If you depend too much on digital analytical techniques ... Chat GPT can solve all your problems ;-))

  • @tristanholderness4223
    @tristanholderness42239 ай бұрын

    With the derivation of Greek from Phoenician I think there must be some nuance to the point that's getting lost here. The order's essentially identical, many of the shapes are identical or near identical (at least in the most archaic script), and most of the names are parallel. The derivation of some of the additional letters (the ones after tau) is somewhat less clear, but you'd need some truly extraordinary evidence to suggest the origin of most of the Greek alphabet wasn't Phoenician or another script extremely closely related to it (this ancestor would need to be more closely related to Phoenician than the Imperial Aramaic script is based on the letter shapes) I'd definitely be interested in reading the paper though if anyone can track down the DOI

  • @tristanholderness4223

    @tristanholderness4223

    9 ай бұрын

    I suppose there are the various late Anatolian alphabets, often said to derive from Greek, but potentially independent children of Phoenician. You could potentially argue that Greek derived from one of these (or the ancestor of one of these) rather than directly from Phoenician? Although we do only have attestations of these scripts later than we have inscriptions attestations of Greek, so you'd need to argue against that chronology That's the closest I can come to making sense of this claim as said here

  • @andrewtheworldcitizen
    @andrewtheworldcitizen9 ай бұрын

    Here is an example of a few words that haven't morphed that much and are therefore still rather close to their reconstructed PIE roots, even after roughly 5,000 years..... Latin: equus - ("horse") aqua - ("water") ignis - ("fire") Vedic and Classical Sanskrit: Dyaus ("the Sky, "father of the gods") पृथ्वी (pRthvī - "the Earth", lit. the (fem.) flat, broad, or vast one") देव (deva - "god") devasya (genitive: "of the god") devi (goddess) पितृ (pitR - "father") मातृ (matR - "mother") भ्रातृ (bhrātR - "brother") दुहितृ (duhitR - "daughter") agni (fire) विधवा (vidhavā - "widow") dugdha (milk) गो (gō - "cow") yukta मूष् (mūṣ - "mouse") Spanish: Dios agua English - father mother brother sister son daughter widow cow yoke mouse Persian: dīv pedar mādar barādar dokhtar دختر ("daughter")

  • @Tvibs1995
    @Tvibs19957 ай бұрын

    Crawford is beginning to look more and more like Alan Watts.

  • @fredbrenno
    @fredbrenno9 ай бұрын

    Why should an academic scientist be "happy or unhappy" with results of studies. . If the studie is done corectly you should think, what can we make out of this, and how can results be explained. . .If DNA show that a period i 2000-3000 years earlier then schollars of languish should try to come up with new hypothisis and look into the matter instead :-) only an opinion :-)

  • @keegster7167

    @keegster7167

    9 ай бұрын

    Well, it opens up different lines of research for one thing. Just like when searching for gold in the ground, you hope you find some, even though you have to look at it objectively and know whether it is actually gold.

  • @lakrids-pibe
    @lakrids-pibe9 ай бұрын

    I'm not a native english speaker. I learned it in school. (I also learned german and french) I wear blue jeans, I listen to Elvis Presley, I eat burgers and hotdogs... But my DNA hasn't changed. It's still the same I got from my non-american parents. Genetics and language/culture are two separate things. There's no such thing as indo european DNA or germanic or slavic. It's very important to remember that.

  • @williamliamsmith4923

    @williamliamsmith4923

    9 ай бұрын

    It is also very important to remember that modern language spreading mechanisms are very different from ancient, so applying modern disconnect between genetic and linguistic spread cannot be applied to ancient times blindly. There is English spoken in Indian subcontinent and some African countries without genes from British spread. But the reason for language spread was due to upward mobility provided to civil servants in colonial governments, followed by American movies and TV as well as availability of education for medical, engineering and scientific subjects. Such efficient spread mechanisms cannot be applied in the prehistoric times. Therefore spread of language must have been more closely related with genetic spread as well.

  • @UnshavenStatue

    @UnshavenStatue

    9 ай бұрын

    ​@@williamliamsmith4923 I mean we have plenty of historical instances of language conquest being noncorrelated with genetic conquest. For instance the Norman invasion of England left much more linguistic mark than genetic mark. And lets not even talk about how many people learned greek or latin in the old days without actually acquiring any greek or latin dna. The historical list is endless. Genetics and linguistics must not be confused, be it 3000 BP or 10 BP.

  • @BobbyBermuda1986
    @BobbyBermuda19868 ай бұрын

    Is it just me, or does 'you know' seem to be the filler that draws the most attention to itself, making it very distracting?

  • @beepboop204
    @beepboop2049 ай бұрын

  • @beepboop204

    @beepboop204

    9 ай бұрын

    2:38 i see a giant piece of chicken