In 2003 We Discovered a New Way to Generate Primes

There is a Fibonacci-like recurrence that seems to generate primes! It was discovered in 2003, but at the time no one understood why it worked. A few years later, I plotted the primes in a way that reveals some hidden structure. This is a tale of logarithmic scale.
Followup video on this sequence: • Why Does this Algorith...
----------------
References:
Fernando Chamizo, Dulcinea Raboso, and Serafín Ruiz-Cabello, On Rowland's Sequence, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 18(2) (2011) P10 (10 pages).
doi.org/10.37236/2006
Benoit Cloitre, 10 conjectures in additive number theory (2011) (46 pages).
arxiv.org/abs/1101.4274
Eric Rowland, A natural prime-generating recurrence, Journal of Integer Sequences 11 (2008) 08.2.8 (13 pages).
cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/...
Serafín Ruiz-Cabello, On the use of the least common multiple to build a prime-generating recurrence, International Journal of Number Theory 13 (2017) 819-833.
doi.org/10.1142/S179304211750...
Open access: arxiv.org/abs/1504.05041
----------------
0:00 Recurrence
2:59 Doubling relations
4:03 Plotting locations of primes
6:24 Clusters of primes
9:49 Predicting primes in each cluster
15:22 Answers to burning questions
18:19 Changing the initial term
20:08 Cloitre's lcm recurrence
----------------
Animated with Manim. www.manim.community
Thanks to Ken Emmer for supplying the microphone.
Web site: ericrowland.github.io
Twitter: / ericrowland

Пікірлер: 508

  • @sobertillnoon
    @sobertillnoon Жыл бұрын

    We haven't used the Richter scale since 1970. The current measurement scale is called the moment magnitude scale.

  • @studytime2570

    @studytime2570

    Жыл бұрын

    btw whats the notable difference between richter scale and moment magnitude. And today will still say "that was a 6.3 magnitude earthquake". So is it not richter?

  • @sobertillnoon

    @sobertillnoon

    Жыл бұрын

    @@studytime2570 the Richter scale was designed to be used in California. For reasons that are beyond my level of geological knowledge it didn't map onto other regions. So a global scale was created. To the last question: yes.

  • @Bob-ik1jj

    @Bob-ik1jj

    Жыл бұрын

    @@studytime2570 Only the moment magnitude scale is capable of measuring magnitude 8 and greater events accurately. Additionally, the Richter scale was calculated for only one type of earthquake wave.

  • @multiarray2320

    @multiarray2320

    Жыл бұрын

    i just read in wikipedia about this. this blew my mind.

  • @dannygjk

    @dannygjk

    Жыл бұрын

    Richter is still used. You speak as if Richter has never been used since 1970. What is your first language?

  • @AbyssPog
    @AbyssPog Жыл бұрын

    Damn, I wish every research paper could be explained in a digestible video format like this. Great video!

  • @GuzmanTierno

    @GuzmanTierno

    Жыл бұрын

    Next step is having chatGPT generate videos like this for every paper ...

  • @abj136

    @abj136

    Жыл бұрын

    @@GuzmanTierno That would be awful. Because (if you weren’t aware) ChatGPT is very bad at math.

  • @GuzmanTierno

    @GuzmanTierno

    Жыл бұрын

    @@abj136 yeah, you're right ... luckily ...

  • @dumbidiot1119

    @dumbidiot1119

    Жыл бұрын

    @@abj136 that kinda makes sense tho, chat-gpt is a language model

  • @suomeaboo

    @suomeaboo

    Жыл бұрын

    @@abj136 For now. Give it a few years.

  • @vnever9078
    @vnever9078 Жыл бұрын

    Bro so based he makes expository math videos based off of his own research. Chad.

  • @MalcolmCooks

    @MalcolmCooks

    Жыл бұрын

    when you don't get invited to Numberphile "Fine, I'll do it myself."

  • @iamjohnrobot

    @iamjohnrobot

    Жыл бұрын

    Chad-adic and fantastic

  • @nickmaiorino4744

    @nickmaiorino4744

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@iamjohnrobot You mean, 'p'-Chad-adic and fantastic! 😄😎

  • @spellignerror8998

    @spellignerror8998

    Жыл бұрын

    I'm pretty sure that's not the meaning of based 🤔 still a good video

  • @anntakamaki1960

    @anntakamaki1960

    Жыл бұрын

    Vishwaguru math video developer

  • @curious_one1156
    @curious_one1156 Жыл бұрын

    20 years later, congrats Eric ! This is awesome. Your own theorem.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @bothieGMX

    @bothieGMX

    Жыл бұрын

    @@EricRowland Lol, I don't know your channel, didn't even realize, it was you who wrote the paper ;) Chapeau!

  • @maximkosey5549

    @maximkosey5549

    Жыл бұрын

    @@EricRowland did somebody prove this theorem ?

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    @@maximkosey5549 Yes, I proved it.

  • @maximkosey5549

    @maximkosey5549

    Жыл бұрын

    @@EricRowland so you can definitely generate all prime numbers, without gaps ?

  • @_Wombat
    @_Wombat Жыл бұрын

    I feel like there is a real question to be had about why humanity finds primes so incredibly interesting. I've watched so many videos about prime numbers and yet I am still hungry for more. Great video :)

  • @vnever9078

    @vnever9078

    Жыл бұрын

    It isn't for no reason that they are called _prime_ numbers haha

  • @mohammedsamir5142

    @mohammedsamir5142

    Жыл бұрын

    You should believe in number theory to realize how awesome are the prime numbers

  • @MasterHigure

    @MasterHigure

    Жыл бұрын

    This is a quote from a math book on a mostly unrelated subject, but I feel it fits here too: It's an intriguing mix of pattern and chaos.

  • @ttrss

    @ttrss

    Жыл бұрын

    crypto

  • @wauwau4896

    @wauwau4896

    Жыл бұрын

    Primes have always fascinated me because they feel like the building blocks of numbers. It's remarkable to think that every other natural number greater than 1 can be decomposed into a unique product of primes. It's almost as if primes are the elemental components of the number system, much like atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter. This fundamental property of primes is what makes them so intriguing and important for us humans. At least that is what I think.

  • @demonicdrn3037
    @demonicdrn3037 Жыл бұрын

    Yooooo! This is the best way to read papers; by not reading them at all and forcing the author to tell you, in what I assume to be an excruciating lack of detail, what they proved and how. Thank you so much!

  • @rosiefay7283

    @rosiefay7283

    Жыл бұрын

    I got the impression that it was more an excruciating overabundance of detail, some of which we could easily have worked out for ourselves.

  • @oncedidactic

    @oncedidactic

    8 ай бұрын

    @@rosiefay7283perhaps, but it’s a 22m video and we have the whole picture and more, save for some rigorous steps. Tradeoff, sure, but I definitely used my 22 minutes better on the video. That’s probably true for most, even researchers? Thoughts?

  • @drjacovanniekerk
    @drjacovanniekerk Жыл бұрын

    Why so few videos? You had me on the edge of my seat from start to finish. Video quality/explanation is spot on. This is "a million subscribers" content.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks! They take a long time to make, but more to come!

  • @drjacovanniekerk

    @drjacovanniekerk

    Жыл бұрын

    @@EricRowland I know! I have a channel for university content and one for Numismatics. Hours and hours of editing. Will keep watching yours.

  • @michaeldamolsen

    @michaeldamolsen

    11 ай бұрын

    @@drjacovanniekerk Checked your main channel, and subscribed immediately.

  • @kcthomas9531

    @kcthomas9531

    9 ай бұрын

    How about do a collab with 3b1b? I feel like that would be the quickest way to get a lot of subscribers! @@EricRowland

  • @snowfloofcathug

    @snowfloofcathug

    6 ай бұрын

    … I didn’t even realise but apparently I’ve seen all the videos, it was just long enough between them for me to not notice

  • @johnchessant3012
    @johnchessant3012 Жыл бұрын

    It must've been very cool to find out that the prime properties of this seemingly arbitrary sequence is related to a very active area of research, namely primes in arithmetic progressions. In particular, I find it really neat that these sorts of questions are playful enough that you could imagine Fermat or Euler studying them, but we can now describe them with our more modern techniques.

  • @user-tn2dk2pg2p
    @user-tn2dk2pg2p Жыл бұрын

    I don't think anyone's posted the reason as to why 3 is the second number in every cluster, so for those curious, it's stems from the fact that every index with nontrivial gcd is either 0 or 2 mod 3. This comes from simple induction: the first index indeed satisfies the condition, and if the previous index n was 0 mod 3 then 2n-1 isn't divisible by 3, so the smallest prime p dividing it is -1 or 1 mod 6, leading to the new index being (p-1)/2=0 or 2 mod 3 more than the previous one; likewise, if the previous index n was 2 mod 3, then 2n-1 is divisible by 3, so the next index shifts by (3-1)/2=1, making it 0 mod 3. Because of that, when we get to an index t that makes 2t-1 prime, 2t-1 is also the index of that prime (since the index goes from t to t+(2t-1-1)/2=2t-1), and since the index is prime and more than 3, it isn't 0 mod 3, so it's 2 mod 3, leading to the next number 2(2t-1)-1 in the sequence being 2*2-1=0 mod 3 i.e. the number after the prime must be 3.

  • @oncedidactic

    @oncedidactic

    8 ай бұрын

    Thank you for the nice walkthrough. The mod3 sequencing has the same flavor to me as Syracuse sequences. It seems like there is something about mod3 carrying information that pops up in recursion that’s not coincidental.

  • @RSLT
    @RSLT Жыл бұрын

    Super interesting, high-quality, and creative video. Fantastic Job! I have been looking to see a beautiful method like this for many years.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much!

  • @AssemblyWizard
    @AssemblyWizard Жыл бұрын

    I first saw the last pair you highlighted, 121403 & 242807, then I went looking for the same relation and found the others

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Nice!

  • @oleble3317

    @oleble3317

    Жыл бұрын

    @@EricRowland first one I noticed was the 233 and 467 pair and I then confirmed on the bigger ones

  • @sixhundredandfive7123
    @sixhundredandfive7123 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks so much for telling me to look at the patterns myself. Where "...5,3..." occur at such interesting intervals so does where "...7,3..." occurs as well. "5,3,11,3,23,3,47,3" is 8. "5,3,101,3,7,11,3,13,233,467,3" is 12. You can then write them as iteration numbers: "P3,P2,P5,P2,P9,P2,P15,P2" is 8.

  • @pizzarickk333
    @pizzarickk333 Жыл бұрын

    very clever and excellent explanation. walking someone through the thoughts your brain went through when solving a problem is my favorite way of teaching.

  • @andreasmaaan
    @andreasmaaan8 ай бұрын

    @Eric Rowland, in the three videos you've created so far, your ability to explain mathematical concepts with clarity and insight is remarkable. I really hope this there is (a lot) more to come!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    8 ай бұрын

    Thank you so much! There are more videos to come. (They just take a long time to make!)

  • @andreasmaaan

    @andreasmaaan

    8 ай бұрын

    @@EricRowland very happy to hear (and completely understand!) :)

  • @bobitsmagic4961
    @bobitsmagic4961 Жыл бұрын

    That video was absolutly amazing, didnt expect such a high quality from a random youtube video. Well done

  • @romanbriggs2457
    @romanbriggs2457 Жыл бұрын

    Math educators like yourself have been invaluable to me. My eyes will glaze over reading the papers you cite, everything goes wavy and the nomenclature makes no sense without help. Watching videos like these, with explanation and animation, the information feels much more natural. I probably won't contribute to advancing the discussion on these topics, but to understand a little more about them without enrolling in a whole degree program makes me fortunate. Thank you

  • @samuelwaller4924
    @samuelwaller4924 Жыл бұрын

    I can only imagine the satisfaction you felt when you discovered all of this. Great job, this is really cool!

  • @elfumaonthetube
    @elfumaonthetube Жыл бұрын

    I love videos about patterns and primes, and this one is among my favorites. Great job, and congrats for giving a theorem your name.

  • @vitoramim5346
    @vitoramim5346 Жыл бұрын

    The even more amazing part is that you explained it in a way even I could understand. Great video and congrats for the theorem!

  • @francescodero8759
    @francescodero8759 Жыл бұрын

    it's always nice to see actual progress in abstract mathematics and number theory, keep it up, who knows, maybes someday humanity will discover some relation between these patterns and the riemann hypothesis

  • @tylerhaslam2083
    @tylerhaslam20836 ай бұрын

    I love this video! Thanks for making it. I love how it shows the process of conjecturing by poking around in the structures and formulas of the patterns observed. Very nice window into the first steps of mathematical thought.

  • @The_True_J
    @The_True_J Жыл бұрын

    I absolutely love this. At no point does it feel like rigorous mathematics. It feels like you're just playing around with a simple sequence and seeing what patterns appear. Awesome job. As of writing this comment, idk if you've made a follow up video, but I'm looking forward to it.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks, that’s the vibe I was going for! The follow-up video is still a work in progress. Hopefully soon!

  • @yudoball

    @yudoball

    Жыл бұрын

    +1

  • @robertunderwood1011

    @robertunderwood1011

    Жыл бұрын

    I am interested in the generalized REPUNT primes. In base two, these would be the Mersienrs

  • @mikecaetano
    @mikecaetano Жыл бұрын

    Observed pattern. In the first cluster, 5 is followed by 3. In the next 11 is followed by 3. In the fourth, starting with 47, 5 is again followed by 3. In the fifth, starting with 101, 7 is not followed by 3, but 11 is. 13 is not. Scanning down, it appears that whenever 5 or 11 appear in a cluster they are followed by 3. But this does not appear to hold for 7 and 13 -- which also appear to never occur as the first terms of any cluster. So perhaps for numbers that start clusters, if they reappear in other clusters, they do so followed by 3. And numbers that do not start clusters, if they reappear in other clusters, they do so not followed by 3.

  • @KrasBadan
    @KrasBadan Жыл бұрын

    Great job! At first I thought that this was too hard for me, but eventually I understood almost everything. So cool.

  • @Busterblade20
    @Busterblade20 Жыл бұрын

    What a wonderful video. I wish every math paper could be explained in such a wonderful video format like this.

  • @SomeoneCommenting
    @SomeoneCommenting5 ай бұрын

    If everybody who makes math videos was so concise, clear, and give visual examples that can demonstrate your point so simple and obvious as you do, we would be able to understand a lot of other things much better.

  • @ethanlewis1453
    @ethanlewis1453 Жыл бұрын

    Hi, the most prevalent pattern in the prime sequence generated I noticed @ 3:00 seems to be 3 - 5 - 3 which occurs frequently but not quite predictably.

  • @vanhetgoor
    @vanhetgoor Жыл бұрын

    While you were talking I had some wonderful ideas. You are an inspiration! Normally I listen to sequential music so that sounds don't interrupt with my flow of thoughts, but this works too! I do not want to give the impression that you are boring, but it comes close, in a polite and gentle manner. My attention drifted away after the first mentioning of Fibonacci, endless lists of numbers, all with a meaning and significance. It is a glorious day, summer is on it's way.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    This same thing happens to me at conferences. Listening to other people talk about their work (or rather, *not* listening) has given me some great ideas. Interesting social phenomenon!

  • @tomascortespacheco5703
    @tomascortespacheco5703 Жыл бұрын

    Your exposition was superb. I really enjoyed the pace of the video, and how it was structured as a `story` that was easy to follow. Suffice to say that you have a solid understanding of manim. Have you considered posting the manim code? It would help a lot manim beginners to further learn how to use it!

  • @wilderuhl3450
    @wilderuhl3450 Жыл бұрын

    Only 3 videos, but they’re all fantastic. Thanks for sharing.

  • @MrDannyDetail
    @MrDannyDetail Жыл бұрын

    21:50 That sequence is interesting. If you take the first 2 to be in the 2nd position (so the sequence just has no first position) then all the primes, other than 3, seem to appear in their own numbered position (i.e. 2 in the 2nd pos, 5 in the 5th, 7 in the 7th). You then have other primes appearing, and at intervals corresponding to prime multiples of that prime (e.g. 5 in the 5th, (2x5)th, (3x5)th and (5x5)th positions) though it looks like possibly any given prime will only appear in the sequence a 'few' times (for some definition of few) then never again.

  • @Alex_Deam

    @Alex_Deam

    Жыл бұрын

    Idk about the multiples, but your first point about the pth position being p is proven as Proposition 2.3 (Proposition 5 in the arxiv version) in the Ruiz-Cabello paper linked by Eric above!

  • @bolleholle

    @bolleholle

    Жыл бұрын

    in the first 10000 terms, there are 5 instances of 5, the last one on n=25=5*5 one instance of 7. 3 instances of 11, last one on 33=11*3. 8 instances of 13 (7th on 91=7*13, 8th on 169=13*13). 17 appears three times, last on 51=17*3. 19 appears once. For the following the appearances along the sequence continue to be equally spaced: 23 appears five times. 29 five times. 31 once. 37 once. 41 three times. 43 five times. 47 five times. 53 three times. 59 five times. 61 seven times. 67 five times. 71 three times. 73 thirteen times, last one on n=949=73*13. 79 once. 83 three times. 89 appears 15 times, last on 1335=89*15. There is a nice pattern but it is a little disturbing how 13 appears at n=169.

  • @williamrutherford553
    @williamrutherford553 Жыл бұрын

    I feel like this is related to Dirichlet progressions. I'm actually doing applied research into finding the upper bound of the first p of the form sn+1, which is MUCH easier to prove the primality of using a deterministic Miller-Rabin test. So far, it looks like p(s) 1, you can find an N such that the bound holds for s>N. I thought it was related, especially due to the clustering in a log-log plot, you get that same kind of behaviour when graphing the strictly increasing subset of s, p(s) (just like ignoring the 1s).

  • @cryptogenik
    @cryptogenik Жыл бұрын

    Wow that's pretty mindblowing that you came up with that!

  • @adamnagy4544
    @adamnagy4544 Жыл бұрын

    I could die for videos like that for every publication!!!

  • @joseph7858
    @joseph7858 Жыл бұрын

    such great narration of your discovery process: thank you Eric! 😊

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @spaceyote7174
    @spaceyote7174 Жыл бұрын

    Wow! I have an obsession with primes and I read about this exact theorem a few months ago, how surreal to have a video by the author of it to pop up in my feed

  • @Asdayasman
    @Asdayasman Жыл бұрын

    It's pretty damn sweet that new maths is both happening, AND becoming popular and easily digestable on youtube, no doubt in no small part thanks for 3b1b's manim.

  • @arhamshah71
    @arhamshah71 Жыл бұрын

    you are doing great work in making these videoes. It really helps a lot in visualising while studying maths concepts. I wish to see your videos more often and hope that your videos reach to those who need it and recieve much greater attention. you are going to be the next 3Blue1Brown.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    11 ай бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @siegfriedbarfuss9379
    @siegfriedbarfuss9379 Жыл бұрын

    Brilliant and perfectly paced 🙏🏻

  • @riadhalrabeh3783
    @riadhalrabeh3783 Жыл бұрын

    Your clusters graph for the primes(min 6:33) resembles the cluster of stable elements of the periodic table. This is a support of an idea I had published before that the growth of condensed matter follows the growth of primes. This makes primes the elementary particles of mathematics and of physics as well.

  • @timsim83
    @timsim83 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the ending summary. I was hoping for the explanation about finding common divisors of 10 digit numbers being a computational hurtle.

  • @thewhitefalcon8539

    @thewhitefalcon8539

    Жыл бұрын

    GCD is no problem. GCD 10^9 times is maybe 1 minute - 1 hour of computation (hard to estimate accurately). But I'm guessing we already know all the primes up to 10^9.

  • @IagoMartinsJ
    @IagoMartinsJ9 ай бұрын

    You blew my mind in a 10 Richter's scale' magnitude, that was awesome

  • @RichardHolmesSyr
    @RichardHolmesSyr Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for this video, I just learned about this recurrence a few weeks ago from Wikipedia and found it very interesting!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Glad you enjoyed it! That's a fun coincidence!

  • @dimkadimon
    @dimkadimon Жыл бұрын

    Wow it's THE Eric Rowland! I have been amazed by this sequence ever since I saw it. Thank you for explaining it so clearly.

  • @EliederSousa
    @EliederSousa Жыл бұрын

    Congrats for you making this theorem. It's amazing.

  • @user-ey2vv1dl3n
    @user-ey2vv1dl3n Жыл бұрын

    cool format, plz dont stop)

  • @LorenzoAGJ
    @LorenzoAGJ Жыл бұрын

    Really nice. A few months I was playing around with some code trying to find some relation between Fibonacci's sequence and prime numbers. I did it just for fun because I liked these two topics and I wanted to relate them some way haha

  • @aromeran
    @aromeran11 ай бұрын

    Waiting for the next part. ABSOLUTELY GREAT video Eric!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    11 ай бұрын

    Thanks! Hopefully the next part will be done in the next few weeks!

  • @kdicus
    @kdicus Жыл бұрын

    Absolutely beautiful work. Beautiful math. Beautiful thinking. Beautiful video. Someone will figure out how to build on your work.

  • @user-no9wi4vu3x
    @user-no9wi4vu3x9 ай бұрын

    Man, this is so amazing! Love it!

  • @takeguess
    @takeguess Жыл бұрын

    Nice work! I love this!!! Thanks for putting it together

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @trapkat8213
    @trapkat82132 ай бұрын

    Wow. Brilliant work and brilliant presentation.

  • @richardfredlund8846
    @richardfredlund8846 Жыл бұрын

    @Eric Rowland, awesome video, and maths. After watching I was interested in the Cloitre's lcm recurrence, so wrote some code to generate it. What I found really surprising is when I looked at the set of numbers generated from the first 500 values. It's exactly the set of primes less than 500. Except there is no 3, but there's a 1. It's also true with first 50,000. (and my computer fell over when I tried on 100k cos my codes not super efficient). I'm sure I'm not the first to notice this, ... but seems rather remarkable.

  • @richardfredlund8846

    @richardfredlund8846

    Жыл бұрын

    it's quite easy to prove that when n is prime P(n) =n for all odd primes >3 because C[n] is the product of numbers strictly smaller than n. It gets more interesting in the case of P(n*n) where n is prime. this requires that there exists some prime q which divides a*n -1 for some a in {2,3,...,n-1}. For example P(5*5) is saved because 19 divides 5*4 -1 which means that: If we make the hypothesis that for all odd primes p>3 there exists another prime q such that q = a*p - 1 for some a in {2,3,...,n-1} then this hypothesis is implied to be true if Cloitre's variant makes only primes. equally if this hypothesis if false, that implies Cloitre's variant doesn't only primes. (which is not an if and only if because if the hypothesis is true it doesn't imply Cloitre's variant makes only primes.)

  • @yukelalexandre8885
    @yukelalexandre8885 Жыл бұрын

    Dude! Been working on this very problem for like a decade, mad respect for the explanatory work! ✊

  • @draido-dev
    @draido-devАй бұрын

    noticed this pattern while solving project euler #443, lovely video!

  • @HasekuraIsuna
    @HasekuraIsuna Жыл бұрын

    Wow, this is so cool! Finding patterns in primes!

  • @remziogultum6697
    @remziogultum66975 ай бұрын

    this was really fun and educative to watch

  • @Scratchfan321
    @Scratchfan321 Жыл бұрын

    I saw 3 repeating on every 2 numbers [EDIT: In some parts], 7 and 11 were appearing too often but I didn't see exactly where. Also great video!

  • @washemoamadah4706
    @washemoamadah4706 Жыл бұрын

    Ey dude, at around 10:15 in the video, if you take the sum + the prime you wanted - 1 you get the next sum in the sequence. If you do that again with the new sum you get the next sum. But you surely already have seen that showed why, and I missed it. Great video man.

  • @austinclees9252
    @austinclees9252 Жыл бұрын

    What I saw first at 3:00 is that the 3’s are on opposite sides of other primes, like the twin prime conjecture

  • @royvanrijn
    @royvanrijn Жыл бұрын

    The forward-moving algorithm works for any input number: Given a number n Calculate the target p=(2*n - 1) Find the smallest prime factor of p=>pf Update n += (pf-1)/2 For example, start with n=44: 44 p=87 pf=3 p=89 pf=89 89 p=177 pf=3 p=179 pf=179 179 p=357 pf=3 p=359 pf=359 359 p=717 pf=3 p=719 pf=719 719 p=1437 pf=3 p=1439 pf=1439 1439 p=2877 pf=3 p=2879 pf=2879 2879 p=5757 pf=3 p=5759 pf=13 p=5771 pf=29 p=5799 pf=3 p=5801 pf=5801 5801 (etc) All of these generate factors and/or prime numbers (obviously... when you think about it).

  • @monkeymathematician5896
    @monkeymathematician58962 ай бұрын

    What is said from 8:04 prevents from looping over all values of a cluster and sets its boundaries. It also means that the last value's index of the cluster is enough to describe it and averaging the values or the indexes could be unnecessary. It also says that there might be something hidden in the gap between two clusters. This saved me weeks, maybe months of work and much CPU time. Deserves the Fields to me. Thank you Professor 😁

  • @General12th
    @General12th Жыл бұрын

    Great work, Eric!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @Rising_Pho3nix_23
    @Rising_Pho3nix_23 Жыл бұрын

    I'm following for the most part and it's pretty cool. Question: Suppose I wanted to calculate the 9,153rd prime number, without a prime number chart or brute forcing multiplication? Like in cryptography they use extremely large (hundreds of digits) prime numbers. How are such numbers derived?

  • @schweinmachtbree1013
    @schweinmachtbree1013 Жыл бұрын

    Absolutely spectacular video! Bravo!!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much!

  • @artophile7777
    @artophile7777 Жыл бұрын

    THIS CHANNEL IS UNBELIEVABLE

  • @gdgiantdwarf9639
    @gdgiantdwarf9639 Жыл бұрын

    an other somewhat interesting pattern i've noticed is that each new cluster of primes actually begins with a point where the index equals the value (noticed it at 9:18, might not hold up later on in the series)

  • @K9Megahertz

    @K9Megahertz

    Жыл бұрын

    I noticed this as well. Though maybe I missed something earlier that would have made that seem obvious, but after reading this comment, I guess that's just how it ends up and yes, it is quite interesting.

  • @purple_sky
    @purple_sky Жыл бұрын

    Hang on - the way we currently find new largest primes is by testing Mersenne numbers, which are not guaranteed to be prime and need to be tested. Couldn't the 2n-1s from this sequence be tested similarly? Or would composite numbers be too dense for this to be feasible?

  • @alien3.0c
    @alien3.0c Жыл бұрын

    This was really interesting and well explained

  • @rileycampbell5691
    @rileycampbell56916 ай бұрын

    This video was great. Really really clever.

  • @jean-louisnouzille7545
    @jean-louisnouzille7545 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for your excellent video. Watching your video, I imagined an improvement of the AKS algorithm. Also, I'm thinking about Mersenne numbers with your video.

  • @joeeeee8738
    @joeeeee8738 Жыл бұрын

    Awesome walkthrough❤

  • @christophergilbert5988
    @christophergilbert5988 Жыл бұрын

    Absolutely amazing video!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much!

  • @dascandy
    @dascandy Жыл бұрын

    I was looking for a large number the moment I saw 11-23-47. I was expecting 95 (which isn't prime) so was happy to see 101, but no idea on how that happened. Time mark 2:57 as you requested 🙂 Is it just a coincidence or does that last sequence from Cloitre (@21:55) generate all primes? I see all of them at their native index except for 3.

  • @crowdozer3592
    @crowdozer3592 Жыл бұрын

    Very nice animation and narration

  • @oncedidactic
    @oncedidactic8 ай бұрын

    How much of the journey to the theorem was playing around with relations, graphing to spot patterns and general exploration? The video gives a strong sense of chasing someone who is deliberately leaving a trail, haha. Do you have any more insights about what the mod3 sequencing is doing? In your eyes does that relate to the primes being 6n +/- 1?

  • @danielwilms6919
    @danielwilms69195 ай бұрын

    Great visualization

  • @adacohen
    @adacohen6 ай бұрын

    At 2:51, I noticed a more general version of the doubling pattern which seems to hold true everywhere (but I haven't proven it). If you let x and y be two "largest so far" primes in the sequence, then y = 2 * x + p_s - p_n - 1, where p_s is the sum of the primes in the sequence between x and y, and p_t is the number of primes between x and y. (Trivially, you can put the ones back in the sequence and use the same formula, since the ones are just canceled out between p_s and p_n). For example: ... 467, 3, 5, 3, 941 ... x = 467 y = 941 p_s = 3 + 5 + 3 = 11 p_n = 3 2*x + p_s - p_n -1 = 934 + 11 - 3 - 1 = 941 The 2*x + 1 case is just a special case of this: ... 5, 3, 11... p_s = 3 p_n = 1 2*x + p_s - p_n - 1 = 2*x + 3 - 1 - 1 = 2*x + 1 And you don't even have to do this with two consecutive "largest so far" primes. For example: ... 47, 3, 5, 3, 101, 3, 7, 11, 3, 13, 233, 3, 467 ... x = 47 y = 467 p_s = 3 + 5 + 3 + 101 + 3 + 7 + 11 + 3 + 13 + 233 + 3 = 385 p_t = 11 2*x + p_s - p_n - 1 = 94 + 385 - 11 - 1 = 467 I'm not sure how this relates to everything else, or if it's useful (it doesn't actually predict the jumps), but it's interesting.

  • @rasowa2958

    @rasowa2958

    5 ай бұрын

    This is because every prime bumps R(n) up to 3*n. See it at 1:52. So: R(x) = 3*x R(y) = 3*y = R(x) + p_s + (y - x - p_n - 1) + y this is because R(y) is a result of adding: - R(x) - primes between x and y (p_s) - ones between x and y in amount: y - x - p_n - 1 - prime y Now solve it for y: 3*y = 3*x + p_s + y - x - p_n - 1 + y and the result is your formula: y = 2*x + p_s - p_n - 1

  • @algorithminc.8850
    @algorithminc.8850 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks. Enjoyed this (and your other videos). Great stuff! Cheers.

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks so much!

  • @pirobot668beta
    @pirobot668beta Жыл бұрын

    I've got a simple means using Prime Factoring and math to directly 'predict' the interval between primes. 'Paired Primes' like 17 and 19 seems to break the game (Pa+2=Prime)...skipping them for now. Take Pa+1 and Pa+2 as Prime Factored Composites, and add the first terms together to make 5. 1. Starting with 43 as Pa 2. Factoring Pa+1 = 44 = (2!*11) 3. Factoring Pa+2 = 45 = (3!*5) 4. 46 place holder 5. 47b = calculated Pb For extra fun, take the difference of the second terms, (11-5), which leaves 6. Counting backwards from 42 (since we are done with 43) 6 places leaves us at 37 = PrimeC. 6. 37 PrimeC, counting backwards. 5. 38 4. 39 3. 40 2. 41 1. 42 43 [skipped!] Working my way through Primes to 500; found a few spots where it doesn't work in both directions. Enjoy!

  • @johnsherfey3675
    @johnsherfey3675 Жыл бұрын

    The log graph reminds me a bit of Minkowski's Question Mark Function, or the Cantor function at least for the spacing.

  • @AngelOfRepentance
    @AngelOfRepentance Жыл бұрын

    Great vid. I think that most people interested in this sort of content don't need to be explained what a logarithmic scale is though :x

  • @priyanshugoel3030
    @priyanshugoel3030 Жыл бұрын

    Reminds me of changing the initial choices in the sieve of eratosthenes. Does produce primes but after some terms.

  • @snapo1750
    @snapo1750 Жыл бұрын

    Might i ask what you use to create your videos? they look amazing...

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks! All the animation is done with Manim: www.manim.community

  • @usernameisamyth
    @usernameisamyth Жыл бұрын

    thanks for giving so many things to think about

  • @jamesknapp64
    @jamesknapp64 Жыл бұрын

    What stood out was the abundence of 3s. Also amazing video

  • @fjpavm
    @fjpavm6 ай бұрын

    About generating primes from the sequence with the shortcut. Since the next prime from the start of the cluster is always 3 could you not assume primality for the jump between clusters and check the next value to see if it was 3 thus confirming we where in a cluster of primes?

  • @yaserarafat7300
    @yaserarafat7300 Жыл бұрын

    Sir can you tell me? How did you make this great animation and how calculate so big digits in addition, multiplication or power of a large number......👍

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    All the animation is made with Manim: www.manim.community The last several digits of a large power (as in my video on p-adic numbers) can be computed using repeated squaring or one of its variants: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_exponentiation

  • @ernestoherreralegorreta137
    @ernestoherreralegorreta137 Жыл бұрын

    Very impressive. Got yourself a devoted new subscriber. Thx4 sharing!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks, glad you enjoyed it!

  • @blacklistnr1
    @blacklistnr1 Жыл бұрын

    @2:43 [Pause the video], Ah yes, observing a great sequence in the wild, after hours of sitting camouflaged as a rock making Potoo mating calls, this unexpected beauty shows up. As I zoom out my telephoto lens and add a few beauty filters I can finally see.. nothing of interest. I'm here for cool math animations and graphs in my food break. After that great intro getting me hooked I'm most definitely not going to stare at some numbers :)) Edit: Great work! This is quite an interesting little set of interactions

  • @autrnaut
    @autrnaut Жыл бұрын

    Smallest primes are most common (3 by a wide margin, then 5 and 7), and there seem to be patterns related to 3. For example, if a 5 and 3 are beside each other, the 5 is always first *unless* it is surrounded by 3s on both sides. The same is true for 11 and 3, and 3 and 7 are similar but reversed (I.e. 7 follows 3 except when enclosed by 3 on both sides.

  • @benjames9153
    @benjames9153 Жыл бұрын

    amazing work, love your videos

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thank you so much!

  • @westonmarkham1294
    @westonmarkham1294 Жыл бұрын

    For the psychology survey: I initially started looking for patterns in the frequencies of low primes, but didn't see anything obvious. So I started looking at the higher prices and saw that each new record high was just slightly higher than twice the previous one. I continued the video at that point.

  • @victormd1100
    @victormd1100 Жыл бұрын

    Perhaps an interesting observation is that the first prime you still havent produced with your sequence if fairly close to the first non-prime at 19:43

  • @sensorindicatechnologies9168
    @sensorindicatechnologies9168 Жыл бұрын

    I tried to follow your video. Very impressed by your efforts in this direction (of trying to generate primes). However, may be there are better and more elegant ways to generate primes. For me, Primes are linked to Quantum Computing. Just as Boole came up with Boolean Algebra which was the foundation for the Binary Digital World, we have to envision how Quantum Computing logic will help us to instantaneously decipher (or decompose) some of the largest numbers which we can envision into it's Prime Components. I am still trying to wrap my head around how this new computing paradigm will do that, but that is the way to go, in my opinion.

  • @grandrapids57
    @grandrapids57 Жыл бұрын

    SUPER! This is really great work!

  • @EricRowland

    @EricRowland

    Жыл бұрын

    Thanks a lot!

  • @tulliusexmisc2191
    @tulliusexmisc21916 ай бұрын

    Since you ask, at 2:45 the most obvious pattern was the lack of 2s, followed by the sequence 3 5 3 being common. At 4:17 I was surprised you didn't mention the striking pattern that many primes first occur where n is equal to that prime. In fact, this is so prevalent that at 7:40 you highlighted the primes themselves when you were actually talking about their indices.

  • @cthoyt
    @cthoyt Жыл бұрын

    awesome video, super interesting.Thanks!

  • @Dreamprism
    @Dreamprism3 ай бұрын

    7:33 Would it make more sense to do a geometric mean of each cluster than an arithmetic mean?

  • @fuzy1709
    @fuzy1709 Жыл бұрын

    Impressive work. To make your own theorem and yet explain it so simply is amazing. Kudos