*QUESTION:* Which material combinations would you like to see and why? Want to get your 3D prints to the next level already today? Check out our Heat Set Inserts and Tools at cnckitchen.store (Free shipping worldwide starting at €100).

@Some-nerd-who-tinkers

Ай бұрын

Mix carbon fiber PETG with ninja flex TPU

@eskanderx1027

Ай бұрын

ABS + chocolate 😋

@Some-nerd-who-tinkers

Ай бұрын

Fiber glass composite pla 😋😋😋

@RENATINHOBR99

Ай бұрын

maybe PLA with a core of water soluble support like polydissolve, maybe to do some really light weight prints, insted of solid lines you will get tubes of PLA

@lucasverocai1631

Ай бұрын

This process can indeed open a path to multimaterial filament such as continuous carbon/glass fiber core embedded (inside an easy to respool material at first, for test purposes), the non strech fiber mechanical properties might be a hassle to deal with though... PA6/12, PC, TPU or Nylon for high end continuous fiber embedded filament, but might be even trickier to process. Anyway, good luck if you try this. Great video as always !

"Yo Dawg, I heard you like layer adhesion problems. So I put layers in your filament so you can have layer adhesion problems while you're having layer adhesion problems."

@ericwheelhouse4371

28 күн бұрын

You are having adhesion problems with pla?

@timseguine2

28 күн бұрын

@@ericwheelhouse4371 14:28

@djordjezivic2481

27 күн бұрын

@@ericwheelhouse4371 never under estimate a bad printer (my 2018 wanhao duplicator i3)

@stevrgrs

8 күн бұрын

So basically you’re doing what candy makers have done for over 100 years :P 😂

Wow, this is insane. Mans maxed out his engineering level and just grinding sidequests now.

@Some-nerd-who-tinkers

Ай бұрын

He’s completed the CNC part of his username and will soon begin the Kitchen stage. Edit: tbh he’s already cooking

@hyozanhades09

Ай бұрын

He is manufacturing a new reality for earth in his kitchen !!!

@ameliabuns4058

Ай бұрын

Lol

@drummerboymaddux

Ай бұрын

😂😂

@brandonsaffell4100

Ай бұрын

If you think our man has reached his final form you underestimate him.

Roughly every year or so, someone makes a completely game-changing 3D printing video showcasing an inventive new way of doing things which could open up so many new possibilities. This is one of those.

@StarkRG

Ай бұрын

And at least a third of those seem to be done by CNC Kitchen. How many of the things Stephan has showcased over the years have become standard practice?

@TD-er

28 күн бұрын

Yep I was wondering which 3D printer manufacturer is also watching this and thinking to add a filament-diameter scanner into the printhead to be able to automatically compensate for under/over extrusion during printing. Maybe this is even more important for flexible filaments to get a really consistent printing results?

@givemeanameman1

28 күн бұрын

Its interesting, but its already being done... Continuous Carbon Fiber filaments for high strength parts for example. "fiber" filaments rarely have increased strength, because the fibers have to be chopped up so small that they don't do much. So Continuous Carbon Fiber filament and the like were invented to change this. The game changer is being able to make multifilament at home, even as a proof of concept.

I work maintenance in a cable factory. The first 5 minutes of the video were pretty much most accessories of an extruder re-invented lol. You should really look up Kabmak extruders to get some inspirations because there are things like vacuum attachments and straightening rollers that could be added even to your machines. You could also add a mechanical brake to the pay-off spool to add pre-tensioning and it would make the plastic more consistent as it would feed through straight. The rollers serve the same purpose, but for wobbly lines. Another important addition would be a hot air blower to pre-heat the filament so you couldn't have to run a volcano type nozzle or anything special. You would need a lot less forces on that filament if it went into the nozzle already at say 50C. As for what you could be adding to it? Oh boy! Make 3 separate filament pay-offs with U-shaped "shells" on 2 of them and one filler. You could just add nylon strings or fishing line to the center spool and print multiple times as much filament at once. Hell, add a caterpillar-type tensioner brake to it and you're gonna have time to change filament on the go without interruption if you find a way to weld them in between.

@jakeharms1386

Ай бұрын

Thank you so much. This is exactly what I wish every comment on KZread was like

@shawnalfaro6943

29 күн бұрын

I agree with all of these suggestions! Preheating the filament is a great idea, even with something simple as a halogen light bulb. And the roller suggestion is also great!

@audioman81

29 күн бұрын

Preheat the filament too was first thing I thought when he was struggling to pull it through too. Can't believe he didn't think of that when he was basically already doing that to stretch down in size to insert it.

@bastienx8

29 күн бұрын

Just putting a hot air blower or halogen lamp at the entry is not very energy efficient, for a process that takes hours this is something to consider

@sementhrower420

29 күн бұрын

Off topic, but I think you might be the right person to ask this, if you don't mind helping out a random internet stranger :D I'm working on creating coaxial nylon-nichrome wires where I want to embed a nichrome wire in the core of a nylon monofilament line. The ultimate goal is to achieve this with 0.1mm D nylon and 0.01mm D nichrome wire, but I'll first try to do it with larger D nylon. What Stephan built here is roughly what I am also planning on doing, and in addition also feeding the nichrome wire through the core of the nozzle. Do you think this would be workable and do you have any tips? Thanks in advance!

Hard candy is made in a similar fashion. All the design is created in a large (8-9" diameter) chunk then stretched into the final bite-size form. The pattern is retained through the stretching process same as with yours.

@EFLO3D

Ай бұрын

Same with “millefiori” glass art.

@benjaminvdvyt

Ай бұрын

This was the first thing that came to mind. Watching how candy is made, is extremely similar and follow the same principles.

@OG-ProfessorFarnsworth

Ай бұрын

His old video about the PC core ABS he mentioned actually talks about the same thing. I believe the original researchers made large blanks with the desired pattern that they then had a machine to extrude into a filament. Exactly what you’re thinking! But requires specialized equipment. Assuming I’m remembering correctly! 😅

@wakafeek

Ай бұрын

Beat me to it! I was about to say this is how they do designs in saltwater taffy too

@dooleve

29 күн бұрын

Funnily enough, this is mentioned in the subtitles at 13:58, but he doesn't say it out loud

This TPU core experiment is just GENIUS! That's why I love your channel, you do science with your experiments, not just funny things for likes and subs

@danilolattaro

29 күн бұрын

Absolutely genius!

@zackj997

29 күн бұрын

Why a solid core instead of the TPU and PLA emulsified together? People already use silk PLA for flexibility in certain applications since it already has TPU in it.

@rich1051414

28 күн бұрын

@@zackj997 The solid core unmixed turns it into a composite. When you have two materials with different properties together, their strengths can add together in ways that wouldn't if they were thoroughly mixed. In this case, the flexibility of the TPU functions like dampening rebar, preventing fracture propagation while preserving the stiffness that PLA offers.

@ronnetgrazer362

28 күн бұрын

@@zackj997 Really? Most of my silk prints seem more brittle, not less. I'm a sucker for off-brand budget filament deals so that might be a factor.

@kbee225

28 күн бұрын

It sounds genius if you know very little polymer science. PU and PLA are not chemically similar so they form what we call non-compatible blends. These blends are basically those that cause boundary layer separation because the two materials are not chemically bonding with each other, this forms a weak material that is worse in most aspects than the homopolymers themself. This is why when making polymers blends with dissimilar materials we use compatibilizers to act as a glue and bind both the materials together.

4:13 This phenomenon is actually a result of two combined effects: necking and strain hardening. When tension is applied to the nylon filament, it begins to undergo plastic deformation at its weaker points, leading to a reduction in diameter. At the same time, the nylon string strengthens in these areas of reduced thickness, which concentrates the strain on the thicker segments of the string. The combination of these effects causes the string to shrink to a new, constant diameter before ultimately breaking. Articles for more information: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necking_(engineering) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening

@miqo85

Ай бұрын

aka continuous necking

@hugofernandez8522

Ай бұрын

It's kind of right but not quite, the effect is due to the majority of the chains in the polimer getting aligned and because all the chains are in the same orientation they become stronger

@hugofernandez8522

Ай бұрын

In amorfous materials like polymers you don't have strain hardening like in metallic materials

@ac281201

Ай бұрын

@@hugofernandez8522 Yes, you are correct, in the case of polymers this effect is the result of chain alignment and not crystal shifts like in metals, but still, this effect is called strain hardening (or work hardening) in both cases

@louisvaught2495

Ай бұрын

As others have mentioned, this is not work hardening, it's chain alignment. No, they are not the same thing. Work hardening is a crystallographic behavior (polymers do have crystal structure) while chain alignment is just generally the idea that you can do things to the material that cause the long molecules to be oriented in roughly the same direction. Chain alignment doesn't require work-hardening because polymers are viscous and have huge molecules. Things like melt-spinning can also cause higher chain alignment. Chain alignment also doesn't have to interact with the crystal structure of the plastic, and happens even in amorphous materials. It's just about the average direction the polymer chains are oriented.

That's insane, really, creathing a visible logo INSIDE of a filament spool, with hardware that's DIY and accessible to a hobbyist? Man, you just keep on delivering bangers, your ingenuity is amazing

This is why I love this channel, most of the other channels I used to watch are either all doing Voron builds or reviewing the same printer that's been done a hundred times already. This channel is unique!

The WInFiDEL sensor lets you measure filament diameter. Now you can implement a PID loop to automatically figure out the proper temperature at a given speed. If you want faster production, turn up the speed and the PID should correct for the change.

So many new ideas continue to pop up in 3D printing. Non-planar printing, arc overhangs, and now you are showing off multi-material filaments. Ten years from now, 3D printing is going to be absolutely off the charts.

You could think of the TPU as muscle and the PLA as bone and have them switch places. The tpu absorbing more impact on the outside and the PLA receiving less shock because of being shielded by the flexible TPU the same way that flesh protects bones most of the time. Awesome experiment!

@lickytime9683

22 күн бұрын

The outside of the filament would also be bending more than the core, so having the outside made of tpu must be beneficial too

I would love to see more videos on metamaterials! If the stiffness of the tpu-pla is close to normal pla it would truly be the king of all printing materials for parts that don't need high temperature resistance.

Always pushing the limits of 3d printing, great job. The watermark filament honestly blew my mind.

That TPU/PLA is so cool! what a great experiment

This is one of the coolest advancements in consumer 3D printing tech I've seen in a long time. What a great innovation. Even as a mechanical engineer I'm a little surprised how well you got this to work with such a simple setup, especially getting such disparate polymers into a single filament!

Oh god i was so young back then... excellent technique! love the 4mm to 1.75 downsizing!

Embedding your logo in the filament is such a flex and extra way of tagging your prints as genuine.

@capslfern2555

27 күн бұрын

I love that, watermarked 3D prints

@lucianoag999

26 күн бұрын

Except that everyone can do it.

I work at a company called Hills inc. where we do cross section logo fibers and other wild multi extrusion projects. Cross section logo fibers like that are used a decent amount in industry by basically making a dot matrix on the core of each fiber and routing the colored polymer to it's place in the matrix.

@janbeck8269

28 күн бұрын

How about filaments with an embedded cf or Kevlar strand. Is that done?

Every time you publish a Video it takes two days and your content is featured by all the 3D printing/ Maker Websites, this is amazing. Thanks for your R&D work and making it open to use for everyone Danke 🎉

A PLA core with a water soluble PVA mantle could create interesting structures or grids when you print it and put it in water. Kind of like how aerogel is made, but bigger.

@ziocrielo6148

Ай бұрын

3d printed sponge lol

@paulpoleon8570

Ай бұрын

Aero light plastic for rc plane wings or something

@ericbuchner2982

Ай бұрын

Unfortunately with the constant cross-section shown in the video I don't think this would give useable results. The core never bonds to itself, so if you dissolved the outer layer the entire print would just fall apart. It might work if you could vary the cross-section so the core sticks out in places, but that would be much harder to get working.

@markswayne6326

Ай бұрын

If you printed it with stripes of PVA that are diagonal edge to edge but left solid PLA layers between, the PVA might be able to dissolve out while leaving behind a structure that wouldn’t come apart.

You are a pioneer in expanding the possibilities for 3D printer users.

Man, this is genius! The most interesting use case I've seen for the Prusa XL and this really inspires!

I would drill that nozzle up to at least 1,8-1,9mm and pull the filament at above the breakpoint of the diameter/pulling force curve to achieve correct diameter and fuse the layers together properly. Also a loadcell controlled motor driver circuit would help keeping the pulling force constant.

Dude you are the GOAT of 3d printing experiments. Is there anyone else out there doing stuff as cool?

A CNC-Kitchen Video 🎉 my Evening is saved.. Why my evening? Because each one of them teaches me enough to continue reading for hours… thank you!

This effect is called necking. It comes from the alignment of polymer chains. The modulus of elasticity of the material also greatly increases when necking occurs as the aligned chains creates higher crystallinity. This can also occur in multiple steps of necking down the diameter until the stress required to force the diameter down via aligning the chains further is greater than the yield stress of the filament at that point. PS: as a polymer engineering student, i love your videos.

Your videos are always amazingly thought-provoking. You come up with truly innovative concepts for investigation that no one (or very few) have talked about. I love it.

The nylon string reducing in diameter when tensile force is applied is called "necking". I got this definition from google, "In engineering and materials science, necking is a mode of tensile deformation where relatively large amounts of strain localize disproportionately in a small region of the material. The resulting prominent decrease in local cross-sectional area provides the basis for the name neck."

@JakeWitmer

Күн бұрын

Can this be modeled in a bottom-up simulation?

This is absolutely amazing, I'm so impressed with what you came up with, so creative and well engineered at the same time. You ended on what you would try differently after exploring the reforming method and I can't wait for the next step.

You have really outdone yourself with this video. The research you have done in this video is easily enough to write another master thesis. Outstanding!

What a coincidence that we both made a video about mixing TPU with PLA at the same time hahaha 😅 But I was a bit faster 🙃

@Craftlngo

Ай бұрын

Upvote for more awareness. Your idea to mount a corkscrew extruder on a 3D printer could be a real game changer!

@mr.shplorb662

Ай бұрын

Not to brag or anything

@csforesman

29 күн бұрын

Wow. So glad I saw this comment and went to check out your channel. As cool as the idea in this CNC kitchen video is (and no slight to Stefan, this really is a great idea), I think your pellet extruder has way more potential to revolutionize 3d printing. Amazing work.

@Nachtschicht1

28 күн бұрын

I've recently seen your video about that and I think you deserve a lot more attention. What would you think about about combining your idea of direct printing from pellets with Stephan's filament-extruder and Thomas' thickness-sensor to regulate the speed of the extruder to match the amount of filament that the printer needs to build a printer which makes its own filament on the fly? That would solve the problems with the much heavier printhead and reduced printing-quality.

@greenboy3d

28 күн бұрын

I think this idea might work, there are also ideas like implementing a real-time pressure sensor or AI camera to measure the flow and to automatically adjust it in real time. The only thing that needs to be done is the research & development which is costly and since I have spent most of my savings on R&D for the extruder itself... For this reason I keep all these things in mind but for now focus on releasing the extruder so everyone can benefit from it... 🙂

I have an idea. Make the filament have a clear core with transparent coloured shell, print a cool vase model on vase mode and find a way to send light thru the extruded filament. Maybe one of those 60mm LED pucks from eBay under the vase would do it. On the other hand, a black core with transparent shell could be very interesting as well.

What a crazy idea PLA + TPU core, amazing job man! This is surely a neat improvement for prints that will face a lot of physical stress

Amazing proof of concept. I love the macro shots in this video !

Hexagons are the best-agons! CGP Grey Reference!!!

Babe wake up! CNC Kitchen just uploaded

wow. packed with so many amazing concepts. Thank you CNC Kitchen!

Congrats on reaching the next level in 3D printing! Love your ingenuity ❤

Now that is neat.

Imagine finding a way to embed continious carbon fiber in a filament this way!

@UnCoolDad

Ай бұрын

This exists already in the high end commercial printer world.

@olafschermann1592

Ай бұрын

Yeah, thats the way! And opensource it

This is so cool. So glad you did this, as I do not have the equipment, expertise, or time to do something like this. Amazing.

Love to watch you push the envelope in a meaningful way!

If its ever sold that TPU/PLA combo should be named Wagyu beef!

@Dwonis

29 күн бұрын

Having a flexible core and a hard surface is what makes teeth so tough... so it could be called Wagyu Teeth! 😂

And again Stephan changed the 3D printing world again! What a legend!

Keep innovating Stefan, you're one of the main drivers helping to push open source additive manufacturing towards the future

This is some amazing stuff!! Just fills my head with sooo many ideas! Thank you so much for spreading your insights! theres still so much to learn!

Omg he made his own metamaterial at home. Kind of freaking out right now. That's a research gold mine.

@louisvaught2495

Ай бұрын

It's not particularly useful due to the high shear during production. That imparts unfavorable structure on the material.

@ouansungyidan

Ай бұрын

@louisvaught2495 That's a great point, the production method can be improved. But the concept is still amazing. Hobbyist accessible metamaterials. That's still got me excited.

@louisvaught2495

Ай бұрын

@@ouansungyidan You can work a bit to remove the molecular alignment, but in general the process being used to *make* the structure is what limits the final properties. This particular process being so accessible and macro-scale means you don't have much molecular control over what's coming out. The part of the video where Stefan discusses having to keep the filament from getting too soft is a great indication that the process is really dependent on the molecular order of the polymer, rather than the process having any control over it.

You got 4 halfs, I got 4 quarters, :)

The amount of time that you put into these videos is truly astounding. Thank you so much for all of the dedication you have to 3D Printing!

I love the amount of innovation and experimentation in videos like this.

The wilder the hair gets, the better the engineering?

Yoooooo this is amazing. So many possibilities! Can even make longer rolls by fusing multiple coils together by melting hem together. Then the resizer does it's magic to smooth out the joint

Every topic is wonderful and incredible, I really enjoy your videos, they give me ideas on many things, thank you.

4:05 The pulling force plays indeed a major role, in real filament factories they also have a measurement device at the end of the line which adjusts the pull speed to get the filament to the correct diameter.

Legitimately amazing work as usual!!

Extrusion process engineer here. The phenomenon where you can stretch hot plastic is known as "drawdown." That's also the name of the process you are using. The simple explanation is that this phenomenon occurs due to internal tensions pulling material from the "corners" of the part to fill in the middle, where the material is splitting under tension. It helps to visualize it as a continuous landslide from the hilltops into a valley that keeps growing longer. You can also get something known as "die swell" as plastic expands due to the pressure drop at the die openings. Die swell isn't really something we have to consider with 3d printers, but it should be considered if you are extruding filament with an Archimedes type extruder. As for your filament layer bonding problems, you may be able to solve that by preheating the filament before drawing it down. Also try over-extruding your print by 3-5%, this should help layer bondability. Also, tension is everything. Pre-tensioning will help both the bondability, and help keep the filament from rotating during drawdown. The more aligned and balanced the tension is on either side of the nozzle, the more consistent the final filament turns out. Good luck, and keep up the amazing videos! "Like everything else in life, 3d printing is just a primitive, degenerate form of extruding." -Bender

the phenomenon is yielding and chain alignment. when it stretches to the point that polymer chains are fully aligned, it reaches a higher modulus and strength and stops being the weak point so the thicker sections continue to stretch

That was super interesting! I think you're onto something here with the TUP/PLA. Hope you pursue this further and provide some updates. Thanks.

This was super cool. Great perseverance to keep at it until you got each combo to a workable level.

That twisted 2 color where the colors shift is pretty awesome, that effect with another color could be really cool

For the layer adhesion issues why not pull it twice once to get the diameter and then again at a higher speed and hotter temp just to make sure it fused together.

This is quite possibly the coolest video you have ever made, and that's saying a lot! Wow!

mind blowing, very cool tests! keep up the good work and thank you for sharing :)

I love the update with an older experiment I think it would be cool to pull long strands of each material and line them up to form a pattern as a practical mass production setting. Also I think the thinning effect you talked about in the beginning is called strain elongation

Wait, if tricolor PLA were used through one of those experimental printers with a rotational axis extruder you could setup the slicer to change the rotational position of the extruder during printing in order to change and vary which color is visible on the outside of the print. This would actually allow you to print out those FEA models in full representative color. You would however have little or no control of the color output for dithering purposes beyond the available color gradient in the filament itself. Orientation would only allow you to control the portion of the filament that's shown on the outside of the part. So filament color blends with high contrast might allow for some in-model color variation without having to do any of the filament changes that a multi-material setup would otherwise need to perform to switch colors. Purge towers or other inbetween-material purge methods would no longer be required for switching colors. The major hurdles to the above would be setting up the slicer to understand how the rotation relates to the colors available, and more complicated from the hardware/firmware side would be the need to monitor the orientation of the filament color itself as it either enters or exits the extruder. It would be a very challenging but unique project.

I really like your videos and the R&D-oriented mindset. Great engineering !

Outstanding research. Bravo!

Clever research ! Multi-material point is brillant ! 👍

Wow amazing work here ! thank you so mush !

stephan, this is phenomenal, I've been thinking about a way to get around the markforged patents for a while. I consistently enjoy watching your videos, i really like how thorough you are.

I would love to try some of the TPU filled PLA to see how well it works in some unusual applications. It almost sounds like the ideal material for high impact prints.

This is pretty cool! It's basically the same process confectioners use to make candies with logos and stuff in them, although they start with blanks like 10" in diameter and stretch them down by hand. Still very cool that this technique applies to plastics, too

Such a cool and unique idea. Well done.

Thanks for the awesome research

Wonderful and amazing innovation and creativity! Kudos!

4:27 The phenomenon is based on the crystallization of thermoplastics. To summarize: when a thermoplastic is pulled apart, the polymer chains in it lie next to each other, making the thermoplastic stronger, as more intermolecular attractive forces can be formed. As a result the crystalline part of the thermoplastic isn‘t pulled apart, but the weaker non-stretched gets stretched. Have a look here: de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallisation_(Polymer)

Excellent research. Fascinating! Mahalo for sharing! ❤

Ill have to look up when I get home, but theres an open source repo for an optical filament width sensor with 3 mirrors in a half hexagon configuration because you really need at least 3 different cross sections to get an accurate filament volume because roundness matters (if you want irresponsible accuracy)

Simply insane what possibilities it opens to combine different materials with different specs exactly into one product… 😮

This is just like a stick of rock, and how a lot of polymer clay art works. Very cool. Especially from a cottage industry researcher! The tpu/pla matrix blew my mind.

im going to try this, looks cool

used work in a factory making plastics. the speed of the puller is Very important for final dimensions

I think one interesting way to use this, is with multi-extrusion/dual-nozzle printers, themselves, printing a multi-layer spool as the nozzles are fixed, extruding from both, would mean the base printed spool would already have a changing pattern when printed with, but also, it should probably help with metamaterials, as you can have each material as their own perfect temp, without letting the other material cool down, both the changing position, not being in perfectly straight layers, and having both of them be hot while laid down, should greatly decrease the risk of delaminating, imho

that filament sensor is awesome, i need to get one for my filament making machine when i get around to it

I don't have any suggestions but I can say this has been fun. Hopefully you will do a little bit more of this!

This is probably the most impactful 3d printing video of the year and and it's just chilling in our feeds.

Please do a dedicated video about the strength and toughness of some filament combinations. I am definitely interested in the mechanical properties and think that it could lead to some promising future filaments

I really like the twisted multi-color filament.

You should try putting the Winfidel sensor in the feedback loop of an automatic controller for detecting filament thickness. It could actually be accurate compared with the pulling-a-paper-clip-and-hoping method.

regarding the diameter issue, you are correct in that is because you are pulling the soft filament. This "could" be mitigated by cooling it directly at the nozzle output but I would recommend changing to a push method just like the hot ends of ffd printers. Edit; I didnt realize you had a different machine in the hot end setup, good idea.

Abs outside, pva or any other soluble material inside could be a crazy tubing situation worth to research!

@CNCKitchen The process, in which the filament get´s thinner and stretched is called hot, or cold drawing, depending if T > Tg. You're creating fibers in the material, which gets longer and thinner the more you stretch (up to a point)

Super intresting thankyou for the hard work.

What a intense video. Great job dude 😎

Thanks for sharing! Nice research!

I think you should try TPU with a core of PETG for printing airless basketballs. So the TPU would get the perfect layer adhesion, while the PETG would make it bounce

To have a nice consistent diameter, you find a nice temperature and adjust the pulling force to match it.

Thank you! Just adding my voice to the chorus of PETG Core with TPU shell (or the reverse), just because of PETG’s better handling of deformation than PLA. I’d be interested in as stiff a TPU as possible.