Thanks so much for watching! If you would like to hear more about Marx generators, please check out: kzread.info/dash/bejne/kYSXpMmynZWXhKQ.htmlsi=5U4_o2iAcIwtRRTP

@killman369547

3 ай бұрын

I think by worst case scenario he means the idea of more than one EMP strike. ICBM's usually carry more than one warhead, so if all of the warheads from one missile were set to explode at different points in the ionosphere above the US that might be the return to the 1800's crippling blow.

@KarinaMilne

Ай бұрын

Have you considered reacting to some of Kreosans crazy dangerous videos?

The thing is having an engineer present like Grady does, He's not trying to stir up emotion, he's not trying to make people afraid, he's just stating the mechanism of how it works, the effects of those mechanisms, and potential outcomes. That's the exact kind of person you want as an engineer honestly. "This is how it works, this is how it fails, these are the other potential points of failure, this is the probable severity, as well as the likely worst case severity. This is how we try to mitigate it."

@jacobmars1902

3 ай бұрын

you just perfectly summarised why i watch him

@mariemccann5895

3 ай бұрын

He's certainly got you whipped.

@homeopathicfossil-fuels4789

3 ай бұрын

That is how some of us handle any situation, gotta keep calm, fear is the mind killer. Can't do damage control or situational system unscrewing if you made everyone/yourself panic.

It's nice to see the different engineer view-points: 1. dead-pan rationalism; 2. emotionally relatable translation of science truth.

15:38 "without having to test your own high altitude nuclear weapon" Yeah, definitely for the best ! 🙂

gotta love practical engineering. Plainly Difficult is also a good one

Everyone glosses over to "well generators can fire up and handle critical things like life support, and reactor cooling".... EXCEPT the same prompt and residual emp will damage the generators too......hard to get your gen-set up and running if it's control boards are cooked by the prompt pulse and windings are fused by the residual 🤷‍♂️

@jwenting

3 ай бұрын

not to mention the computers and other electronics for the life support and other critical systems being fried. Last I checked those (apart from maybe some military systems) aren't EMP resistant.

@Vexas345

3 ай бұрын

The amount of damage electronics take is directly related to their size. It's way harder to take out emergency generators vs taking out power lines and transformers.

@John-ir2zf

3 ай бұрын

@Vexas345 as a 20+ year licensed electrician, with a vast understanding of electrical theory. I can tell you, the massive windings in a large generator have as much wire (linear feet of insulated wire) in them as some of those large transformers do. Your 3kw Honda generator you use at home mayyyy be okay, a 500kw generator, which is the size of a small building, and used to power things like a hospital or the backup systems at a power plant, won't be okay. The amount of damage done is not relative to size of the item, it's relative to the length of wire contained in the item. More wire, more damage, simply put.

@cortster12

3 ай бұрын

​@@John-ir2zf How likely would a phone be to be fried?

@John-ir2zf

3 ай бұрын

@cortster12 the closer to the epicenter of the prompt pulse, "e1", the more likely. Also, the more complex the phone, the more vulnerable it will be because of the extra circuitry it has. Example, an old school flip phone is far more likey to survive than an iphone15. The iPhone has more sensitive circuitry because of all the options it has. No one employs Faraday cages (except me lol) but a properly grounded cage will absorb the EM pulse and shunt it to ground thereby keeping it from getting to the device inside.

Love the format and info. Nice work!

25:40 Granted, but the 400 Kt warheads are also in MIRV configurations nowadays. Meaning you don't only have 1 EMP detonation, but multiple overlapping ones.

@homeopathicfossil-fuels4789

3 ай бұрын

..wouldn't the EMP disable the circuitry of the warheads? I am quite sure the reason why a fistful of high yield thermonuclear warheads and single warhead launch system configs are kept around by the major nuclear powers is for that purpose, launching the EMP separately

@killman369547

3 ай бұрын

@@homeopathicfossil-fuels4789 No. Military electronics are hardened and protected against EMP's IDK how the military would protect the electronics of a warhead but if i had to guess, the entire outer structure of the warhead probably doubles as a faraday cage to keep the electronics inside safe.

A redundant power plant is a safe power plant. always a good idea to have a backup for the backup and a backup for the 2nd backup.

@punchygameing920

3 ай бұрын

1 is none, 2 is 1

@killman369547

3 ай бұрын

Unfortunately that's not enough against an EMP. Because the EMP will attack the primary and backup systems at the same time.

When I was working at GEC Marconi avionics in England in mid 1980s... We had special electronic test equipment that would replicate the electrical effects of an electromagnetic pulse.... Which typically was a 1 kV, in one second rise time... On a military radio system... It needed special filters to protect the power supplies into the radio system from the induced voltages and current that would occur on the power bus of a military aircraft.... As a further protection the power supplies in the military radio system that we were developing for the then Harriet GR5, had special Zener diodes, that would detect the gamma flux and crowbar the 5 V power supply rails to ground. This would appear as an intermittent, that would last long enough to protect the electronics of the military radio system. Just thought you might be interested.....

Interesting video.

Not really an "odd" advantage. Modern control systems orthodoxy is flawed. Electro-mechanical and electro-pneumatic control are robust and will last for many decades and will never need a software patch. They are also infinitely compatible with other systems. This should be a consideration for critical systems.

Love the videos

Awesome video thanks g

Thanks for sharing your insights.

@tfolsenuclear

3 ай бұрын

Wow! Thank you very much!!

And once again a great video with a lot of good info. Small question. If the NPP were to be hit by an EMP, wouldn't the emergency diesel generators also be affected? If so, what would be your other options for keeping the reactor(s) cool? I thought of an idea for some merchandise for your YT channel. A T-shirt with an RBMK reactor on it, with a thumb nail of you+safety goggles looking sideways to it saying; "Let's not stress test this."😁

@christopherleubner6633

3 ай бұрын

They are isolated by a transformer and have transient suppressors. These generators have fairly robust power electronics that will not be damaged by the E1 or E2 pulse, essentially they use a mechanical governor and the starter is basically a heavy duty motor. It's possible that the voltage regulator might get fried but they are protected with bilateral transit suppression diodes that can take the power.

@swokatsamsiyu3590

3 ай бұрын

@@christopherleubner6633 Thank you for this comprehensive answer. I already had a feeling not much is left to chance when it comes to nuclear backup systems, but it is nice to have it explained in such a clear manner.

I love how you stop the video and tell more about other things, and when you say something that doesnt really fit into the video, you cut it away and the cuts are clean, love your videos, i learn everyday i watch your video

The interesting thing with AM antenenas too is that to get power to them they use a special austing ring trnsformer which is basically two doughnuts of wire looped throguh eachother. The primary provides power the secondary picks it up, and a large airgap between them. This keeps the tower from grounding out but still allows power up the tower for the lights.

I really enjoy your channel.

@tfolsenuclear

2 ай бұрын

I appreciate that!

I've heard it as "2 shakes of a Lamb's tail" 🙂

Would love to see you review some clips by the proper people exploring abandoned nuclear power plants. Would be nice to actually see someone with a little over 10 years of experience to inform us on some of the interesting things in their videos...

I remember reading a bid request from the DOD about a micro drone using an EMP that would disable electronics in a one block radius back around 2010. As for the time to get the power back on that depends on the transformers - how many we have as spares that are unaffected. You're also making the assumption that we'd have notice about an emp - there are ways to do it without notice or at least with 2-4 minutes notice.

It's a crime more people aren't aware this channel exists.

2:33 YEAH we're not Commies, gol dangit! MERICA

Effects not mentioned in the video: All civilian airplanes, cars, ships in affected area disabled. So all planes in the air crashing, unless they are able to glide to a landing. All commercial shipping vessels set adrift with no radar, gps guidance, or communications.

The structure of an EMP is complex, it has a high rise time pulse of about 4nS rise time followed by a fast die off, this lasts about 60nS or so. Then a ringing wave has a much linger duration pulse takes over that is in the mS range, about 30 to 90mS similar to a lightning strike's field. Finally there is the long wave pulse lasting a few minutes that is the grid killer. You can build a simulator for the E1 and E2 waveforms at the correct energy intensity using a spiral line flux compression HT generator driving a cheap HDTV fractal antenna with a small dish to focus it. Use an inductor to change the frequency center and pulse duration. All i will say is pulses like this will see electrical circuits as capacitors or inductors. The field will behave extremely unpredictably. The E3 field is extremely difficult to simulate accurately.

At about 10 minutes into the video he comments about bringing in additional diesels to a nuclear power plant from remote locations. A major flaw in that logic is that in the event of a nuclear war there won't be just one bomb, there will be multiple bombs. As a result, a lot of infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, etc. will be destroyed. You won't be able to load up a portable diesel generator onto a truck and casually drive to where it's needed. Also, if the grid is down, things like gas pumps that need electricity won't be available to fuel vehicles.

Questions from an EE - As far as microelectronics, it seems like they would be pretty well protected by common PCB components such as TVSs, caps, inductors, polyfuses, regulators, zeners, and all of the power conditions stuff we usually design into the power input for dirty power. Can anyone else weigh in on this?

@christopherleubner6633

3 ай бұрын

The issue is every control and data line on the circuit board is going to be an antenna. The TVS diode arrays are generally used to protect USB and other spots that are expected to take an ESD hit. The first portion of the pulse will cause everything on the board to act like an antenna, a capacitor, or an inductor. Built a simulator that accurately simulates the E1 and E2 pulsed fields and anything with a good differential to the pulse was toast. Surprisingly the TF micro SD cards without being in something took it. But USB drives were not even recognized at all. Stuff with longer traces and wires internally was fried. An older laptop took it but the screen was damaged. It did have a layer of copper metalization on the case that gave the mobo a better than nothing shield to it. It was a 600x ThinkPad ❤

Can you speak to how a EMP from a nuke compares to an EMP from a solar flare event, like the Carrington event?

ye, neutrons are neutral but they can still create ionized anything, it is just less likely than with light. you could run something like a solar panel with neutrons if they were really fast, just from incidental electrons being kicked out from a metal or some wafer, but it would be really inefficient :P

Question;you say that the reactor automatically shuts itself off if off site power is lost. What if we're dealing with a cold start of the grid/trying to power the local area after a massive natural disaster? Is there a " things have gone to hell and we need to get power into the grid no matter what" planning book somewhere and if so, what would it entail?

Other question, can we restart the power grid during a blackout like we do when reviving humans with a CPR?

@johnburn8031

3 ай бұрын

No, it would be very difficult to restart the whole grid. It would have to be done slowly after the grid had been checked.

@BigWhoopZH

3 ай бұрын

@@johnburn8031 ah, c'mon everything can be solved by throwing a nuke at it...

@jwenting

3 ай бұрын

@@johnburn8031Correct, expect it to be restarted bit by bit. First close to power stations, then connections slowly over time being restored to areas further away. Unless you have independent power generation you may well be without electric power for an extended period of time, even if replacement parts for damaged and destroyed power infrastructure are available in quantity and can be moved into position (which, in an all out war situation is highly questionable, and even in peacetime availability is questionable at best).

@johnburn8031

3 ай бұрын

@@jwenting indeed and you are correct. I know from experience. I live in the South of England and lived here in 1987. A large storm hit and wrecked the power grid. It was well over a month before the small town I lived in had electricity restored. Thank goodness we had gas to cook and boil water.

@jeremyortiz2927

3 ай бұрын

Another question is how strong the pulse was. In the deep/dark red area, the pulse may be high enough to "brick" transformers which would be very, VERY bad. Wires and switches down range from plants are much easier to replace and, unfortunately, most transformers located at plants, are custom built over several months for each site and backups are rarely available (they can weigh anywhere from 6 to 15 tons each). It's one of the reasons that power stations are almost always on military "no strike" lists but lines and transfer stations are not. Those are usually repairable within 1-5 days. (If anyone is wondering, I'm a recently retired USAF Targeteer)

what would it do to all the electric vehicles maintenance now relies on

It should be noted that the publicly available knowledge of EMP weapons in particular is rather limited. Leaders in that technology are Russia and China and those 2 countries are notoriously closed lipped about their nuclear arsenal. Nobody really knows how well the different EMP weapons those countries have actually work, and there are quite a number of different ones: from Super-EMP's (aka Enhanced EMP) to EMP based air defense missiles to defeat saturation attacks. The only thing we really know about these is that they exist and are deployed by those countries.

@robertharper3754

3 ай бұрын

I remember in the early 2000s when almost EVERY "expert" in the world was saying that biological weapons were not a huge threat, something not to worry about in any real way. Then I got to meet and know a very nice old man, who worked in our, (the US), old bioweapons program way back in the day, and needless to say when he started talking about what was done back then, (with some nice old photos that were scary as hell), I wished I had apiece of coal in my rear, the pucker factor was good enough I could have crapped out a diamond. He even had a little jar of simulant, a very fine particle mix that was used to simulate how dried and treated agent would act in the air as well as warheads, it just floated in the air when he took a pinch out and let it go. It was strangely beautiful, yet terrifying, so when it comes to things that the military has studied the hell out of and hasn't released every single piece of paper they have on the topic, I tend to think that there is probably a hell of a lot that even the experts might not know about.

21:27 But does it thoroughly toast the bread? yes/no Turning bread to coal counts as a yes.

27:35 You know how they deal with panic at the stock exchange? They close the stock exchange.

I was reading some articles about radiation resistant nematodes around Chernobyl today. It made me wonder if there could be some biological means of accelerating radioactive decay. Like a microscopic Kirby just sucking particles off of whatever until all that's left is a big boring stable chunk of lead. I've been getting a lot of articles popping up about the "Quantum Cheshire Cat Effect," lately too, and none of them do a good job explaining what the hell it actually is. I can usually understand at least a little bit about the things I read, but how anything can separate from it's properties is going entirely over my head, and it's frustrating the hell out of me. If anyone knows any good articles or videos about it, I'd really appreciate some direction on that subject.

How much about that Texas freeze near-grid-collapse incident did you read? I got the impression that the TX government and the media circus rings would like us to believe that wind turbines were the key issue, but wind was still only ~25% of their grid, and all sorts of power generation methods were affected, not just wind turbines. NG-powered plants make up ~50% of the Texas grid's generation capacity and those were also having serious issues due to none of their infrastructure being hardened against freezing temperatures. At the time, ERCOT Senior Director of System Operations Dan Woodfin was on record as estimating wind as ~13% of all the grid's problems, and is quoted as saying, "It appears that a lot of the generation that has gone offline today has been primarily due to issues on the natural gas system." Heck even *Greg Abbott* mentioned gas and coal problems in a Tweet to contradict the theory that someone had sabotaged the grid, regardless of whatever other shade he threw about "frozen wind turbines" later on. (And even if the main cause had been wind turbine failure--maybe ask why anyone in Texas decided it was ok to leave the grid's stability in the hands of a source that *intermittently and therefore unreliably generates by its very nature* ??? Seriously. If stilled wind turbines could bring the TX grid down, what was the plan if some weird weather pattern meant no wind for days?)

"Maintaining grid frequency is a bit like maintaining...." Here comes the catch phrase! "...tempo in a musical performance." Well played.

It is kinda terrifying how large of a power transformer can be forced into saturation with a simple 9V battery, look into magnetic amplifiers.

Are neutron amplifying fission-fusion-fission weapons more effective EMP generators? (neutron bombs which you don't hear much about) Also if you want to see a cool Marx generator look up a 500,000 volt rock disaggregater or if you're into dangerous builds look up a diy Marx high voltage generator using containers of water/saltwater as capacitors to step up any high voltage source, simple, cheap, entirely scalable and extremely dangerous. If you look up "White Light Solar Flares" you will find out some interesting things like how if you observe one there is likely a Carrington Event sized solar event or larger Coronal Mass Ejection which a direct hit may cause a virtual apocalypse.

@christopherleubner6633

3 ай бұрын

The best EMP generator would be a pair of devices triggered about 2 seconds apart, the first one would agitate and create a strong field of already ionized air. The second one would excite the field to cause a flux compression effect. The first device need not be very powerful, but the second one would work better if it's more powerful. This also would make the pulse more directional.

The effects on electrical appliances of Nukes or even Sci-Fi EMP weapons are also highly exagerated. Most of our appliances are effectively in a farraday cage to begin with and even if they werent, an EMP would generally only damage systems which are currently running, not generate so much that something that is not powered would be fried. Generally speaking.

He said DC to daylight but the graph drops off at 1GHz 🤔

I actualy was in first 32k subscribers

Hi

It is rather difficult to hack computers that are either coal fired or wound up in the morning. ;) I do see EMP effects routinely here, due to geology and geomagnetic storms from solar events. Basically, certain energetic solar events result in errors in my computers, resulting in the need for a reboot. Still, EMP from nuclear, think Carrington Event of more limited scope. Starfish Prime generated mostly humorous events, like blown streetlight lamps and a damaged microwave relay and a bit lengthy radio blackout. The Russian version, well the Pacific is notable for its, ahem, sparse energy grid, where Russia tested did have lengthy transmission lines and resulted in a generation station fire and actually fused telephone and power transmission lines. Nuclear EMP? It'll get real expensive, really quickly. Lots of really angry people in the utility industry, plenty of overtime earned. We routinely get far worse from a major hurricane and a POTUS doesn't send replacement components from a national stockpile, but instead throws paper towels around a room.

Sad…. Modern day Law Enforcement is NOT the Law Enforcement of yesterday. I am so happy that I only have a few more months to retire after 29+ years. The sergeant who testified was a snarky and rotten excuse for a “cop”. His behavior would absolutely not be tolerated in my agency. It wouldn’t be tolerated by FELLOW OFFICERS, not just our administration. We are a very small town w/a 80 man department, but located adjacent to a large and very ghetto city. That city currently only hires “special” people and actually permits applicants with an extensive criminal history to be hired. THEY are very much using excessive force as the norm.

I don't get the comment about the metric system and the shake.

@Merennulli

3 ай бұрын

It's an old joke. There are so many units that exist that aren't metric and aren't very useful to convert into other units that metric-snobs often joke that we'll use any unit but metric. Of course, shake is a metric unit, but the joke was never true to begin with.

@christopherleubner6633

3 ай бұрын

Yup don't forget the 🍌 standard 😂

@shy-watcher

3 ай бұрын

@@Merennulli Huh, turns out you're right, shake is metric. I was so sure it's not. But turns out it's just not SI. In addition to weird one-offs, the whole CGS (centimeter-gram-second) alternative system is also considered metric. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metric_units Fun fact: the kilowatt-hour is not metric even in this broader definition. The joke is just "Americans will use anything anything to avoid using metric" (when they measure in stadiums, swimming pools, schoolbusses, etc.), and technically for the joke to work in this case one should say "SI" instead, but as the distinction between metric and SI is rarely important, in English everyone just says "metric" for both.

@Merennulli

3 ай бұрын

@@shy-watcherYep. I admittedly have delved far too deep into metrology arguments and know too many useless units like barleycorns (archaic English length unit), stones (British weight colloquially used even after metrication) and ons (Dutch ounce, metricified).

⠀

Multi month outages aren't out of the realm of possibility given that an EMP event caused by a nuclear blast is exclusively a wartime event, AND there are no replacements in storage for the large transformers that would be blown out by it, replacements for those taking months to order and build and even worse, most of the components and materials for them no longer being available in the west (neither in Europe nor North America) but us now depending largely on China for such systems, a China that is one of the 2 most likely countries to employ such an EMP weapon against the west (and closely associated with the other, Russia)!

“This is similar to what happens when a geomagnetic storm on the sun disrupts earths gravity” 🤡🤡🤡 bro had a stroke.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfish_Prime