How was Hong Kong returned to China?

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Primary Sources
Richard Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (1978)
Edward Heath, The Course of My Life: The Autobiography of Edward Heath (1998)
Harold Wilson, Final Term: The Labour Government 1974-1976 (1979)
James Callaghan, Time & Change (1987)
Geoffrey Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, (1994)
Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, (1993)
Douglas Hurd, Memoirs, (2003)
John Major, John Major: The Autobiography, (1999)
Tony Blair, A Journey: My Political Life, (2010)
Bill Clinton, My Life, (2004)
Secondary Sources
Jonathan Dimbleby, The Last Governor: Chris Patten & the Handover of Hong Kong, (1997)
Vaudine England, Fortune's Bazaar: The Making of Hong Kong, (2023)
Jerome Alan Cohen, "Recognizing China", Foreign Affairs (October 1, 1971)
Robert W. Barnett, "China and Taiwan: The Economic Issues", Foreign Affairs, (April 1, 1972)
E.S. Browning, "East Asia in Search of a Second Economic Miracle", Foreign Affairs, (September 1, 1981)
Frank Ching, "Misreading Hong Kong", Foreign Affairs, (May 1, 1997)
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Пікірлер: 130

  • @paradisecityX0
    @paradisecityX06 ай бұрын

    Hong Kong was really something in the 80s & 90s

  • @theshenpartei

    @theshenpartei

    6 ай бұрын

    Yep and look up the film Hong Kong 97

  • @paradisecityX0

    @paradisecityX0

    6 ай бұрын

    ​@@theshenpartei Better yet Police Story, A Better Tomorrow, The Killer, Hard Boiled

  • @moonlightstarship

    @moonlightstarship

    13 күн бұрын

    I 100% believe that

  • @akhydra3525
    @akhydra35256 ай бұрын

    Thank you for covering this

  • @ericfahda8510
    @ericfahda85105 ай бұрын

    Keep up the great work! The best historian on KZread by far

  • @alaricboyle-poirier6931
    @alaricboyle-poirier69316 ай бұрын

    Excellent video.

  • @sanagirlqueen
    @sanagirlqueen6 ай бұрын

    Great documentary bro each and every minute details explained clearly Supremely stunning

  • @randomchannel-px6ho
    @randomchannel-px6ho6 ай бұрын

    It's incredible how much the cities image has declined compared to it's image of freedom and prosperity in the 90s and 2000s. If you know anyone involved with Asian trade you'll know that companies has rapidly been jumping ship to Singapore for what they previously did in Hong Kong. It's a bleak looking future for a city which has lost it's reputation and business, and is now even overshadowed by its next door neighbor Shenzhen

  • @percysmithhk

    @percysmithhk

    6 ай бұрын

    Not for HK to decide. Currently, CCP prefers 100% ownership of a valueless asset over 99% of something they perceive they do not fully control. No direct Chinese equivalent of We had to destroy it in order to save it, but it’s apt here.

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    A colonizer backed asset is bound to decline as the colonizer is now less than a pooch 🤣

  • @leaveme3559

    @leaveme3559

    Ай бұрын

    It's more to do with the fact that during rise of HKs there was no city in comparison near by today there are lots and lots of them. It's decline was inevitable

  • @beepboop204
    @beepboop2046 ай бұрын

    Canada made a real effort to get as many people from Hong Kong as they could in the time before and just after 1997

  • @xxxkueckxxx

    @xxxkueckxxx

    6 ай бұрын

    Canada also has multiple mass graves from unnamed indigenous children who died in their reeducation camps as late as the 1970s.

  • @beepboop204

    @beepboop204

    6 ай бұрын

    @@xxxkueckxxx yep, well already know what. christian reform schools. they are called Residential Schools part of the Residential Schools System. fantastic attempt at virtue signalling. anything else?

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    @@beepboop204 Canada is still occupying native people’s land and is a de facto vassal state of their southern neighbor. Pathetic attempt of virtual signaling indeed 🤣🤣🤣

  • @beepboop204

    @beepboop204

    6 ай бұрын

    @@bbrmb2020 neither of those are true, BuT yOu Do YoU bOo 🙂🙃🙂🙃🙂🙃

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    @@beepboop204 you don’t get to decide what is true. Must be hard for those used to western propaganda to know they can’t control the narrative anymore 🤣🤣🤣🤣

  • @CARL_093
    @CARL_0936 ай бұрын

    Thanks i wanted to request this i wanna know how and what happen etc on hk handover to prc

  • @ryanelliott71698
    @ryanelliott716986 ай бұрын

    12:57 I think you forgot to type “Hong” in the Hong Kong quote.

  • @uberbeeg
    @uberbeeg6 ай бұрын

    Like everywhere when the British Empire leaves, badly. They usually are pretty close to abandononing them. It's why half of Africa is a mess.

  • @julianbell9161

    @julianbell9161

    6 ай бұрын

    And Israel/Palestine

  • @johnnotrealname8168

    @johnnotrealname8168

    6 ай бұрын

    @@julianbell9161 They were forced out though.

  • @johnnotrealname8168

    @johnnotrealname8168

    6 ай бұрын

    Hey they wanted independence and Britain gave it to them.

  • @DJ-fl4gn

    @DJ-fl4gn

    6 ай бұрын

    So give countries independence, but not too much otherwise they're the bad ones. The British really can't win.

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    Typical British

  • @maxcream6726
    @maxcream67266 ай бұрын

    Hong Kong was a beacon of freedom and prosperity, but actual democracy was very short lived.

  • @NPC-bs3pm

    @NPC-bs3pm

    6 ай бұрын

    People thought it was Communist China's land because you know... "China." Weak shit position with the fear of nukes☣ with no social integrity. If Nuclear war is 'the big deterrent' then why is it ALWAYS ONE sided deterrence (deterrence for thee but not for me)? Why should Britain feel the need to Kowtow to China who doesn't respect Law and Order. I am not talking *our law or our order. What i mean is respecting the principles that come with having those 2 concepts figured out for one's nation. If China cannot play by it's own rules it should be treated like a freak rogue nation. The Liberal World Order screwed the world's politics

  • @stdev.
    @stdev.6 ай бұрын

    23:45 Pretty sure Tony Blair himself attended the handover ceremony

  • @Luvinist
    @Luvinist6 ай бұрын

    Beacon of democracy in Asia apparently is a colonial holding of a dying European Empire whose leader is chosen by a Queen on the other side of the world.

  • @joshuabryant9845

    @joshuabryant9845

    6 ай бұрын

    ONG. Opening sentence of this video was horribly biased and just absurd.

  • @hko2006
    @hko20066 ай бұрын

    The Hong Kong Diaries by Chris Patten is a good book for learning Hong Kong history

  • @jaichind
    @jaichind6 ай бұрын

    Deng promised after the takeover by the PRC "Horses will still run, stocks will still sizzle, dancers will still dance." Nowhere in that promise has anything to do with the political system but it was more about economic and social systems. Also the 2023 UBS report on world wealth the mean wealth per adult in HK is $551K which is the same as the USA.

  • @akouafray8616
    @akouafray86164 ай бұрын

    One thing is that Hong Kong was not taken aa Gao was by india . That is what the west should congratulate china for . If this land was taken by unfair war on the people of China,it is good time the press should forget about what does not belong to them .

  • @theshenpartei
    @theshenpartei6 ай бұрын

    Hong Kong should of remained free and is it ok to say I’m pro Hong Kong

  • @TheWedabest

    @TheWedabest

    6 ай бұрын

    Free? Do you mean an independent state or still be a colony?

  • @theshenpartei

    @theshenpartei

    6 ай бұрын

    @@TheWedabestindependent state

  • @theshenpartei

    @theshenpartei

    6 ай бұрын

    @@TheWedabestI’m in favor of it being a independent state

  • @TheWedabest

    @TheWedabest

    6 ай бұрын

    @@theshenpartei ok.

  • @christianweibrecht6555

    @christianweibrecht6555

    6 ай бұрын

    Seriously IDK why UK didn't start preparing HK for independence during the 50s when China was still weak

  • @christianweibrecht6555
    @christianweibrecht65556 ай бұрын

    13:50 If only HK was granted independence during the 60s with a defense pact with UK Or a new HK was built in north west Australia

  • @stupidminotaur9735
    @stupidminotaur97356 ай бұрын

    11:50 - 12:10 you repeated yourself twice. o7 keep up the good work.

  • @stupidminotaur9735

    @stupidminotaur9735

    6 ай бұрын

    12:00

  • @stupidminotaur9735

    @stupidminotaur9735

    6 ай бұрын

    did it agian at 19:00

  • @MarkYeung1
    @MarkYeung16 ай бұрын

    I grew up in Hong Kong in the 1970s and 80s. My Dad worked for the government. During that time, HongKongers were optimistic that Beijing will keep the promises after 1997, and Hong Kong will continue to thrive and democracy will be allowed. After Tiananmen in 1989, the confidence is gradually lost.

  • @quyenluong3705

    @quyenluong3705

    5 ай бұрын

    how did it lose? Tiananmen was a rebellion against the government. What do you expect to happen with that rebellion in other countries. What happened to the chaos in HK in the 1970s when British killed HK people for rebellions?

  • @MarkYeung1

    @MarkYeung1

    5 ай бұрын

    @quyenluong3705 What the heck are you talking about? 1) Tiananmen protest was NEVER a rebellion nor trying to overthrow the communist government. The students were voicing for anticorruption and democratic reforms. Was the civil rights movement trying to overthrow the US government? Of course no.

  • @MarkYeung1

    @MarkYeung1

    5 ай бұрын

    @quyenluong3705 The British never killed any Hong Kong people for rebellion, for the simple reason that vast majority of the Hong Kong people were happy with the British rules at that time (60s to 80s). Especially seeing what's happening in the mainland (cultural revolution and poverty) and Taiwan (military dictatorship). Please check your sources before posting. Thank you.

  • @TheWedabest
    @TheWedabest6 ай бұрын

    The problem with hong kong, it was a colony that believed it was an independent state! And the world allowed it to think that!

  • @aristeon5908
    @aristeon59086 ай бұрын

    I would object to the terminology "returned to China". Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong had never belonged to a state called People's Republic of China. It's part of the Communist regime's rhetoric to claim that they should own everything that once belonged to the Qing empire. By the same logic, territory that once belonged to the Tsarist empire should "return to Russia".

  • @johnnotrealname8168

    @johnnotrealname8168

    6 ай бұрын

    As much as I might agree...Hong Kong was kind of sort of taken from the Chinese and was on lease.

  • @jaichind

    @jaichind

    6 ай бұрын

    The Ching Dynasty wanted to be known as "The Chinese Empire" In the English version of the 1842 Treaty that ended the First Opium War the Ching was written as "the Chinese Empire" The PRC (as as well as ROC) can claim to the the successor state to Ching.

  • @aristeon5908

    @aristeon5908

    6 ай бұрын

    @@johnnotrealname8168 Hong Kong was taken from the Qing empire, not from the People's Republic of China. The only reason Hong Kong wasn't allowed to be decolonised like any other place, namely by becoming independent, was because the Chinese Communist regime threatened to invade Hong Kong. It was extortion. Extortion should not be normalised.

  • @aristeon5908

    @aristeon5908

    6 ай бұрын

    @@jaichind It's irrelevant. The Qing empire was not the People's Republic of China and it doesn't matter whether a country claims to be a successor to a previous empire. The only reason why Hong Kong is part of the PRC today is because of the threat by the CCP to use violence. That's history and that's how the CCP always acts. If you want to talk about history, you shouldn't parrot regime propaganda.

  • @jaichind

    @jaichind

    6 ай бұрын

    @@aristeon5908 Sure. But all changes in boundaries in world history always had implied force involved. PRC is no different from anyone else.

  • @gothicusmaximus5697
    @gothicusmaximus56976 ай бұрын

    mistake in edit at 11:52 btw

  • @NPC-bs3pm
    @NPC-bs3pm6 ай бұрын

    The Monarchy👑 of Britain was(and still is) WEAK at the time. Elizabeth II - the weak.

  • @DJ-fl4gn

    @DJ-fl4gn

    6 ай бұрын

    I'm sure this comment makes sense in the context of another video, but not this one.

  • @NPC-bs3pm

    @NPC-bs3pm

    6 ай бұрын

    @@DJ-fl4gn The Monarchy zero stance on subjects foreign and domestics is pretty pathetic. I remember with Brexit the Queen was finding it confusing, and had no open stance either way. The European Union encroaches on Sovereignty. The Communist Chinese threatening her majesty's Sovereignty in Hong Kong was dealt with PATHETIC posturing by *most of the U.K. government.

  • @NPC-bs3pm

    @NPC-bs3pm

    6 ай бұрын

    @@DJ-fl4gn The concept of Monarchy is a third opposition outside Parliament peoples representatives bickering, also outside the reach of the rich aristocrat-backed lobbyists. The Mainland Communist Chinese are best to deal with in multilateral directions in order to give a confused-hesitation to the power-hungry over-reaching plans of Communist China.

  • @sunlijen3974
    @sunlijen39746 ай бұрын

    I think the question should really be how was Hong Kong returned to People's Republic of China.

  • @RaymondTracer
    @RaymondTracer6 ай бұрын

    We are in the worst timeline

  • @leaveme3559

    @leaveme3559

    Ай бұрын

    boo hoo no one is scared of the west any more

  • @bbsonjohn
    @bbsonjohn6 ай бұрын

    Hong Kong "returning" to China is a false paradigm. The identity of Hong Kong existed long before the establishment of the People Republic of China or the CCP. You could call Hong Kong "returned" to the Qing Dynasty, but it was long gone since before the first discussion of Hong Kong decolonization. Hong Kong was never a part of the current China and therefore it could not be returned to China. In fact, handing over Hong Kong to China was in violation of the 1970's UN resolution 2625, in which stated decoloniztion process should include the self-deternation of the people of the colonies. The people of Hong Kong were not consulted in the decision of British handover of Hong Kong to China. If self-determination was the case, the majority of hongkongers would have been against the China taking over. Instead, the decolonization of Hong Kong and Macau circumvented UN's charter for decolonization through delisting the two places from the list of colonies, making the handover legal in writings, but in violation of the true intent of the law. China taking over of Hong Kong was incorrectly reasoned, violated the spirit of decolonization, unrightfully executed, and in the end ruined millions of Hongkongers lives and freedom. It should have never happened. And all the countries of the world should find a way to save Hong Kong from the current predicament that they put it into.

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    The British has a different entity too 🤣🤣🤣

  • @bbsonjohn

    @bbsonjohn

    6 ай бұрын

    @@bbrmb2020 In some degree, there were change in constitution and ruling parties. But UK government (outside the issue with Ireland) is way more continuous than that of geographical China. Also UK government/congress/army had a continuous de facto continuous control over and within HK. So there is less dispute that UK government is on one end of the table.

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    @@bbsonjohn less dispute by whom? British can “dispute” all they want and they cannot dispute the fact the Chinese rightfully took back their own land taken by a declined colonizer

  • @bbsonjohn

    @bbsonjohn

    6 ай бұрын

    @@bbrmb2020 again, what is “the Chinese”? Is Irish “the British”? Is Barcelonian “the Spanish”? You cannot just ignore Chinese is an abstract and debatable concept. Korean are technical Chinese since they are one of the Chinese ethnic groups. I guess South Korea should be “returned” to China then.

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    @@bbsonjohn Chinese might to an abstract concept to you but it’s not abstract to Chinese. And Chinese will decide what happens on their own land. South Korea? Doesn’t surprise me you are confused about China’s boundaries 🤣🤣🤣

  • @z0ro_62
    @z0ro_626 ай бұрын

    The Chinese had promised and i believe. Is the issue right there

  • @percysmithhk

    @percysmithhk

    6 ай бұрын

    Well about 800-900k HKers in joint declaration- and NSL-brain drain waves did not. If the economy is the model market for Milton Friedman, it’s population is the ideal customer base for Andrew Henderson’s Go Where You’re Treated Best

  • @Curlydude12
    @Curlydude126 ай бұрын

    Man all this drama could have been over if China already annexed Hong Kong like India annexed Goa. But I guess Ideology also played a role into it.

  • @SmokeyB83
    @SmokeyB836 ай бұрын

    More liker Hong Kong hangover

  • @GeneralGayJay
    @GeneralGayJay6 ай бұрын

    Today we know it was a mistake. We cannot let the same happen to Taiwan.

  • @bbrmb2020

    @bbrmb2020

    6 ай бұрын

    The mistake was made by the colonizer and corrected by CPC. 🤣🤣🤣

  • @GeneralGayJay

    @GeneralGayJay

    6 ай бұрын

    @@bbrmb2020 The right tovself-determination should have prevented thebpeople of Hong Kong beeing handed over because they obviously do not wish to be a part of this China.

  • @quyenluong3705

    @quyenluong3705

    5 ай бұрын

    why was it a mistake? HK returning to the motherland is absolutely a right thing to do. HK is ASIAN territory, not the whites. Whites should stay off of Asian land and get off the colonial mindset.

  • @xxxkueckxxx
    @xxxkueckxxx6 ай бұрын

    “Colonialism pioneered methods of incorporating precapitalist, preindustrial and non-European societies into the world economy and found ways of dealing with ethnically, racially and culturally different societies” Is that a joke? Almost every previous colony is doing horribly right now. The only exceptions are former colonies that also engaged in violent invasion and colonization of others after their own independence. You don’t have to dwell on colonialism, but don’t go on to lie about it either.

  • @28ebdh3udnav
    @28ebdh3udnav6 ай бұрын

    Hong Kong should have been given to Taiwan

  • @OrtadragoonX

    @OrtadragoonX

    5 ай бұрын

    They wouldn’t have been able to defend it.

  • @quyenluong3705

    @quyenluong3705

    5 ай бұрын

    At that time, PRC was the recognized China, not ROC. And PRC is still the recognized China.

  • @decem_sagittae
    @decem_sagittae6 ай бұрын

    Great work and excellent video as always, but please make more Israel/Jewish history videos 🙏🏻