How Volcanoes Froze the Earth (Twice)

Ғылым және технология

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Over 600 million years ago, sheets of ice coated our planet on both land and sea. How did this happen? And most importantly for us, why did the planet eventually thaw again? The evidence for Snowball Earth is written on every continent today.
Thanks to Julio Lacerda and Franz Anthony from Studio 252mya for their wonderful illustrations. You can find more of their work here: 252mya.com/
Special thanks to Judy Pu for answering our questions about Snowball Earth.
Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: / pbsdigitalstudios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Katie Fichtner, Anthony Callaghan, MissyElliottSmith, The Scintillating Spencer, AA, Zachary Spencer, Stefan Weber, Ilya Murashov, Charles Kahle, Robert Amling, Po Foon Kwong, Larry Wilson, Merri Snaidman, John Vanek, Neil H. Gray, Esmeralda Rupp-Spangle, Gregory Donovan, الخليفي سلطان, Gabriel Cortez, Marcus Lejon, Robert Arévalo, Robert Hill, Todd Dittman, Betsy Radley, PS, Philip Slingerland, Jose Garcia, Eric Vonk, Tony Wamsley, Henrik Peteri, Jonathan Wright, Jon Monteiro, James Bording, Brad Nicholls, Miles Chaston, Michael McClellan, Jeff Graham, Maria Humphrey, Nathan Paskett, Connor Jensen, Daisuke Goto, Hubert Rady, Gregory Kintz, Tyson Cleary, Chandler Bass, Joao Ascensao, Tsee Lee, Sarah Fritts, Alex Yan
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References: docs.google.com/document/d/1d...

Пікірлер: 1 600

  • @alexandercain8904
    @alexandercain89044 жыл бұрын

    @5:44 "Breaking up is hard to do, and rocks usually do it pretty violently." A reminder not to take your relationships for granite. Let your partner know your sediments. Don't be a crust-y old fossil; iron out your faults. Come up with igneous ways to let them know they rock.

  • @Valenspire

    @Valenspire

    4 жыл бұрын

    Excellent

  • @furqanbaba5274

    @furqanbaba5274

    4 жыл бұрын

    But erosion will eventually get you

  • @susanafernandez279

    @susanafernandez279

    4 жыл бұрын

    This was great 😂

  • @jross9919

    @jross9919

    4 жыл бұрын

    Haha

  • @osamabinladen824

    @osamabinladen824

    4 жыл бұрын

    Sir, let me remind you of that line from a Radiohead song, "Gravity always wins.".

  • @amenoxblitz7317
    @amenoxblitz73174 жыл бұрын

    Earth : *become snowball* Earth : that was dangerous, let's do it again

  • @ccrozz99

    @ccrozz99

    4 жыл бұрын

    Rick enstein *It’s Rewind Time*

  • @deadasfak

    @deadasfak

    4 жыл бұрын

    Almost as if Earth wasn't a sentient being

  • @ADerpyReality

    @ADerpyReality

    4 жыл бұрын

    What I have learned is that we should make a lot of artifical (well regular ice but frozen by non natural means) ice control global temp.

  • @gobzanuff5078

    @gobzanuff5078

    4 жыл бұрын

    Who/what is Earth talking to?

  • @r3zaful

    @r3zaful

    4 жыл бұрын

    Earth is so jackass, live dangerously

  • @lonjohnson5161
    @lonjohnson51614 жыл бұрын

    Please do more stories about everything. I have yet to see a topic that I'd say, "Nah, skip it."

  • @gus-vanover

    @gus-vanover

    4 жыл бұрын

    Instead of "nah, skip it", PBS plays the game of "OOH LOOK THIS LOOKS LIKE IT COULD HELP WITH A SUGGESTED TOPIC. Let's wait for it to be analyzed!"

  • @JuanRodriguez-qo2xx

    @JuanRodriguez-qo2xx

    3 жыл бұрын

    Wonderful PBS helps me not to questions anything. Hopefully one day the brain behind it gets out of the d k.

  • @julesmasseffectmusic

    @julesmasseffectmusic

    2 жыл бұрын

    Yeah total replacement for education was intention of OP.

  • @Dell-ol6hb
    @Dell-ol6hb4 жыл бұрын

    Could you imagine a volcano that erupts tons of sulfur dioxide for literal years? Damn it really puts into perspective how unimaginably powerful nature is.

  • @stephenkessel1990

    @stephenkessel1990

    4 жыл бұрын

    Like my friends grandparents house smells lol

  • @peterj.f.blackwood-davis7840

    @peterj.f.blackwood-davis7840

    4 жыл бұрын

    The Siberien Traps spewed lava for over a million years, continuously !

  • @GHotSauceAnd1

    @GHotSauceAnd1

    4 жыл бұрын

    Also puts into perspective how lucky we’ve been throughout the last 10,000 or so years. Not on cataclysmic disaster. And when nature decides to serve you up a disaster, it’s an all you can eat, baby.

  • @carmcam1

    @carmcam1

    3 жыл бұрын

    This is why "saving the earth" phrase doesn't make sense.

  • @enemyoftherepublic777

    @enemyoftherepublic777

    3 жыл бұрын

    Carmela Camba - “Saving the Earth” means keeping it habitable for humans (and all other animals).

  • @bosarama
    @bosarama4 жыл бұрын

    now I wanna know the sponges's story!!!!! that's what I call a "cliff hanger"...

  • @rdreese84

    @rdreese84

    4 жыл бұрын

    Just watch Sponge Bob. Bikini Bottom was a metropolis back then.

  • @ILoveElectroAndHouse

    @ILoveElectroAndHouse

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@rdreese84 fun fact: Steve Hillenburg was a marine biologist besides creating THE cartoon of generations. Rip

  • @MeatPops

    @MeatPops

    4 жыл бұрын

    Agreed, never been so excited about a sponge.

  • @innertubez

    @innertubez

    4 жыл бұрын

    Brew Swillis I love how Bikini Bottom has a beach... ?!

  • @nolanwestrich2602

    @nolanwestrich2602

    4 жыл бұрын

    Liked @@ILoveElectroAndHouse's comment because it mentioned a dead person.

  • @prinzessinpummelfee7495
    @prinzessinpummelfee74954 жыл бұрын

    It’s almost midnight in middle Europe but who needs sleep if you can have PBS Eons, right?

  • @momon969

    @momon969

    4 жыл бұрын

    Schlaf ist für Schattenparker.

  • @openlink9958

    @openlink9958

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@momon969 no tengo idea de lo que acabas de decir

  • @Aveskarina

    @Aveskarina

    4 жыл бұрын

    Mám to také tak. (Same here) :P

  • @Vininn126

    @Vininn126

    4 жыл бұрын

    W Polsce tak samo

  • @tuxedosteve1904

    @tuxedosteve1904

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@momon969 Noch ein deutscher hier.

  • @nafrost2787
    @nafrost27874 жыл бұрын

    It's amazing how no matter what happens, Earth always finds a way to restore its balance.

  • @helgefan8994

    @helgefan8994

    4 жыл бұрын

    Yes, although I wouldn't want to wait millions of years until earth finally recovers from the damage we are currently causing in just a century.

  • @stinew358

    @stinew358

    2 жыл бұрын

    I like to consider us historical reenactors of the carboniferous

  • @kyleemeg2171

    @kyleemeg2171

    3 ай бұрын

    Until modern humans came along

  • @Myrdin89
    @Myrdin894 жыл бұрын

    I wish I could talk about stuff like these in Jamaica with the Jamaican people but they don't care much for these kinds of stuff. Love PBS EONS. Greetings from Jamaica

  • @srgkzy1294

    @srgkzy1294

    4 жыл бұрын

    almost anywhere for that matter really .. hahaha

  • @NoName-fc3xe

    @NoName-fc3xe

    4 жыл бұрын

    Same here in Alabama. You bring up topics like this and they call you a queer nerd.

  • @johansson2936

    @johansson2936

    4 жыл бұрын

    Probably not much of a luxury like public education? Some people may have enough to think about just trying to survive from day to day and trying to cover 4.5 billion years of changing earth can't just start in the middle for a proper understanding. Give them a break, they have the same potential everybody else does, just not the same privileges.

  • @NoName-fc3xe

    @NoName-fc3xe

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Lucid Dreamer I was and I'm glad for you. You are not all or even most people. Most people cite those exact reasons for why they can't uproot. There has to be an exception to every rule and I'm glad you gained something from it. Not all of us are that fortunate.

  • @NoName-fc3xe

    @NoName-fc3xe

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Lucid Dreamer it would also seem like opportunity would also be key.

  • @kylep007
    @kylep0074 жыл бұрын

    PBS eons should do a video about the Wallace Line. The division between the flora and fauna of Australia and Southeast Asia. Edit: I’m glad they did and to see it blow up.

  • @Kpba32

    @Kpba32

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@TheBelrick too much carbon isn't great for us

  • @BothHands1

    @BothHands1

    4 жыл бұрын

    That would be really interesting! I guess in the meantime, i have a google hole to dive down now lol

  • @subh1

    @subh1

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@TheBelrick It's always the dose that makes it poison. In right dose something can be medicine, but if taken too much, it can be poison. Even though water is essential to life, I am sure you would have a really hard time trying to breath under water.

  • @SiRGnOmEGuY

    @SiRGnOmEGuY

    4 жыл бұрын

    the more carbon we have the more lush our forests will be. CO2 has no correlation to warming or cooling. its all about the sun

  • @SiRGnOmEGuY

    @SiRGnOmEGuY

    4 жыл бұрын

    Neil Adams .. growing earth theory explains this.. even if its a wild unproven theory

  • @bluesmurff6163
    @bluesmurff61634 жыл бұрын

    This made me appreciate how incredible it is for life to exist on earth

  • @mrdonetx
    @mrdonetx4 жыл бұрын

    Is it just me or does her voice make for great narration?

  • @MuskratOutdoors

    @MuskratOutdoors

    4 жыл бұрын

    She did a great job I thought.

  • @thomastaylor5826

    @thomastaylor5826

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'm surprised Mike Rowe didn't do it, he does everything else.

  • @hilliard665

    @hilliard665

    4 жыл бұрын

    She narrates just like Danielle from animalogic

  • @KaawSauce

    @KaawSauce

    4 жыл бұрын

    mrdonetx It’s not just you. She’s terrific. Great science communicator.

  • @newdefsys

    @newdefsys

    4 жыл бұрын

    She does have a soothing voice.

  • @hoguesteele
    @hoguesteele4 жыл бұрын

    I wish when you guys would show the million years ago timeline, that it would start out on the billion years ago timeline, and zoom in. It would help me to visualize when during Earth's history certain events happened.

  • @rubidot

    @rubidot

    2 жыл бұрын

    Fantastic suggestion.

  • @andrewphillips8341
    @andrewphillips83414 жыл бұрын

    "Breaking up is hard to do". That one hurt.

  • @MBYSmusic

    @MBYSmusic

    4 жыл бұрын

    Andrew Phillips it did lol

  • @LostSwiftpaw

    @LostSwiftpaw

    4 жыл бұрын

    You wanna talk about it?

  • @HebaruSan
    @HebaruSan4 жыл бұрын

    "raises the question" - A+ to the editor that replaced "begs the question" with this more correct formulation

  • @CrustyUgg
    @CrustyUgg4 жыл бұрын

    When I hear things like 500 million years .. it just boggles my mind!!

  • @Galiant2010

    @Galiant2010

    4 жыл бұрын

    Any time I come here I just feel stupid for having once believed in the bible... lol

  • @cool-hf2pe

    @cool-hf2pe

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@Galiant2010 gods real but believe what you want when you die you will fill dumb

  • @Teh_Duck

    @Teh_Duck

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@cool-hf2pe feel*

  • @nicholaslewis8594

    @nicholaslewis8594

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ar, might want to reread your post before calling others dumb 😂

  • @cool-hf2pe

    @cool-hf2pe

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Doctor Drywell you have evidence that he isn't real nope you don't

  • @mikiGudy
    @mikiGudy4 жыл бұрын

    Can you please make big bar on top of regular bar on top of screen which shows where that era is, and every time you guys show some bar of period, we can see where that period is since many of us don`t know order of eras, and we can visually see for example how far away that period was from t-rex :) (i know there is year indication, but it would be most appealing)

  • @MileHighGrove

    @MileHighGrove

    4 жыл бұрын

    mikiGudy they would have to actually understand how old the earth really is to do that and that would help you determine they don’t know s***

  • @VelociraptorsOfSkyrim

    @VelociraptorsOfSkyrim

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@MileHighGrove Uh, that's where you're wrong friend. :) We have a pretty good idea how old are planet is thanks to the rocks that make up the cores of Mountains and Uranium to Lead Radiometric dating. uranium-238's decay to Lead-206 has a half-life of 4.6 billion years. Does that figure sound familiar?

  • @SuperZergMan

    @SuperZergMan

    4 жыл бұрын

    Good idea, mikiGudy.

  • @Galiant2010

    @Galiant2010

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@MileHighGrove Why are you here? It's pretty well concluded how old the earth is, 4.5 billion years. A lot of the stuff talked about on here is from 3.5 BYA to now. They have it all ordered out with the different periods and eras... but like the OP I would appreciate having a visual bar at the top that gives me an idea of what timeframe is being discussed in the video.

  • @dinodino5602

    @dinodino5602

    4 жыл бұрын

    +

  • @william2258
    @william22584 жыл бұрын

    This videos are so interesting, thank you PBS Eons. It comes to show how catastrophic earths history actually is, something that I think most people ignore. Be it by volcanoes that surge from the Earth's interior, or being struck by huge meteors, Earth history is made from stuff that preachers of the apocalypses talk about, interesting, scary stuff, always enjoyable to watch in these videos.

  • @nuadathesilverhand3563

    @nuadathesilverhand3563

    4 жыл бұрын

    I was taught in school that catastrophism was categorically wrong because the grand canyon hasn't changed in over 100 years. I wish I could get a refund on my time.

  • @Dragrath1

    @Dragrath1

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@nuadathesilverhand3563 Yeah one of the issues in geology was the view of exclusively steady state and catastrophic geology competing for the longest time. In reality we now know that both were true and non negligible often things happen slowly but every now and then things happen quickly on the order of a few million down to a few thousand years (and in the case of the End Cretaceous extinction event probably hours to years for the various contributing factors)

  • @jarfrar
    @jarfrar4 жыл бұрын

    Can't wait for that sponges episode. Also, I'd like to see one about history of the reefs

  • @kyliedunell6496

    @kyliedunell6496

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@cool-hf2pe No... at least, not the barrier reef.

  • @FlintSparkedStudios
    @FlintSparkedStudios4 жыл бұрын

    Sometimes I wish I was an immortal eye, peering at the earth since the beginning of time. Watching all the changes that came to the ground and the life on it. Remembering it all, knowing the countless events which are a mystery to our modern life.

  • @julesmasseffectmusic

    @julesmasseffectmusic

    2 жыл бұрын

    Long naps required.

  • @skykid
    @skykid4 жыл бұрын

    I'm sorry but the scope, the attention to detail, the presentation, and the utmost passion and devotion this channel shows to the story of life on Earth almost brings me to tears every time.

  • @robinchesterfield42

    @robinchesterfield42

    4 жыл бұрын

    I wanna like this comment...but it's got 42 likes at the moment. That's so perfect I just can't. :)

  • @DiabolicalButler
    @DiabolicalButler4 жыл бұрын

    i loved growing up on pbs. i wish more parents that let the tv babysit their kids will at least shove em in front of pbs and not nickeloden or disney. i was such a nerd i would watch the evening shows too. but then again we didnt have cable so who knows what i really woulda bn watching

  • @shinyshoes4312

    @shinyshoes4312

    4 жыл бұрын

    Diabolical Butler I grew up on pbs kids.

  • @robinchesterfield42

    @robinchesterfield42

    4 жыл бұрын

    Oh, absolutely. I grew up on stuff like Sesame Street, saw the original "Cosmos" when I was about six, etc. I've often thought that if I had kids I'd plunk 'em in front of stuff like Eons, Sci-Show, Origin of Everything and It's Okay to Be Smart. And the littler kids, I'd play them things like those videos where cartoon planets do a catchy rap about the solar system. :)

  • @TigirlakaLaserwolf6

    @TigirlakaLaserwolf6

    4 жыл бұрын

    I had cable and the answer is 'animal planet' god I wish they'd bring meerkat manor back

  • @pluspiping

    @pluspiping

    3 жыл бұрын

    I grew up on PBS and National Geographic (when it was a VHS collection my grandpa had). I definitely enjoyed that and still love learning today. So I'm here! This is great. :)

  • @tanya292
    @tanya2924 жыл бұрын

    Whenever PBS Eons does an episode on something that was in The Entire History of the World I guess I have to go and watch the entire thing again.

  • @whafflete6721

    @whafflete6721

    4 жыл бұрын

    tanya292 and it may become a snowball for a while maybe twice

  • @tanya292

    @tanya292

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@whafflete6721 haha Yess!!

  • @robinchesterfield42

    @robinchesterfield42

    4 жыл бұрын

    There was at least one Eons episode where when Blake mentioned the Cambrian Explosion, he SANG the words. XD (Maybe two. There was confusion about the first time it happened. :P)

  • @cantthinkofaname1730
    @cantthinkofaname17304 жыл бұрын

    I love love love this channel! It reminds me of just how special, beautiful, and one-of-a-kind our planet is. Thank you PSB Eons

  • @LeatherNeck1833
    @LeatherNeck18334 жыл бұрын

    Thanks PBS Eons...now I can't get the "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do" song outta my head! Thanks! For anyone else wanting it stuck in their heads...here ya go: 5:44

  • @stephenkessel1990

    @stephenkessel1990

    4 жыл бұрын

    A...breaking up is hard to do.so practice alot.latta

  • @robinchesterfield42

    @robinchesterfield42

    4 жыл бұрын

    "They say that breaking up is hard to dooo/Now I know, I know that it's truuuue..." I was recently putting together a playlist of early '60s songs, so no worries, that one was already in my head anyway. :P

  • @jacaliber
    @jacaliber4 жыл бұрын

    It is really neat and somewhat counter-intuitive how volcanoes can be agents of warmth and cooling. If I recall from my geology course, felsic-intermediate explosives volcanos release aerosols that cause cooling and but the effusive volcanos, which are mafic and hotter and more viscous, don’t eject material necessary to produce volcanic winters... correct me if I’m wrong. Anyways, PBS Eons I have a video request for the story of Hyaenidae and how one species made it to America. I think after Canidae and Felidae, They are worthy predators to mention. Especially for your Old World listeners.

  • @Along4995

    @Along4995

    4 жыл бұрын

    You’re right! Mafic volcanoes do produce lower viscosity magma. This allows the gas bubble (vesicles) to bubble up and escape from the surface. An example would be the Hawaiian Islands. However, more felsic magmas which have a higher silica content have higher viscosity(resistance to flow) which doesn’t allow gases to escape leading to more explosive behavior and ash flows/falls.

  • @km_2812

    @km_2812

    4 жыл бұрын

    We are talking about lava hotspots the size of the deckan trap. I'd say the bigger the size the more gas will be emitted. Therefore I would argue that the sheer size of the hotspot is responsable for a sudden athmospheric warming.

  • @sulevislattery2620

    @sulevislattery2620

    4 жыл бұрын

    Y Comments so big?

  • @sapphirII
    @sapphirII4 жыл бұрын

    At my pause at work, open youtube like always. Sees there's an episode of Eons "There's a video?! There's a video!"

  • @diontaedaughtry974
    @diontaedaughtry9742 жыл бұрын

    The first time I heard about the earth being a snowball was in 7th grade in 2000. I was always curious how it happened. And this is the first time I've ever heard volcanoes being more helpful than harmful. Very insightful 👍👍

  • @estkt4068
    @estkt4068 Жыл бұрын

    i love this channel so much. I remember this being covered in class but I didn't quite understand all the moving parts of what happened. This video helped me finally piece it together. Thank you PBS

  • @AifDaimon
    @AifDaimon4 жыл бұрын

    The irony that volcanoes led to snowball earth twice..

  • @seekernotlost3815

    @seekernotlost3815

    4 жыл бұрын

    Stay tuned, perhaps it will happen again. Soon 😉

  • @vitesseextreme

    @vitesseextreme

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@seekernotlost3815 I'm still waiting for Yellowstone to go apeshit.

  • @jasonschmidt9569

    @jasonschmidt9569

    4 жыл бұрын

    cosmicVox13 Cosmic rays much?

  • @lyreparadox
    @lyreparadox4 жыл бұрын

    "But that's a story for another time..." You Paleological Scheherazade!

  • @KlavierMenn

    @KlavierMenn

    4 жыл бұрын

    .... now I'm craving for some arabic stories. Thank you!

  • @rafiqboronov1135

    @rafiqboronov1135

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@KlavierMenn the same feeling

  • @jasonschmidt9569

    @jasonschmidt9569

    4 жыл бұрын

    😂

  • @amaradejo

    @amaradejo

    3 жыл бұрын

    This comment brough so much happiness to my life. Brilliant!

  • @jakobraahauge7299
    @jakobraahauge72995 ай бұрын

    Classic beautiful enlightenment by our very own favourite Fossil Librarian - this is still just such a treat! Happy holidays and lots of love all the way from Denmark ❤🤗

  • @Jop_pop
    @Jop_pop4 жыл бұрын

    I find these videos incredibly humbling. It's a wonderful trip in each episode to think about the grand scheme of the long history of our planet. It makes me understand better how long the world has been around, and makes me feel therefore calmer about any problems I might have

  • @user-kt7xp9mk7n
    @user-kt7xp9mk7n4 жыл бұрын

    Please, tell as about South America ungulates (Meridiungulata), this ansiant mammalian group is so interesting, but there is no so much information about them.

  • @AifDaimon

    @AifDaimon

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ancient*

  • @jdavidblais

    @jdavidblais

    4 жыл бұрын

    say what ?????

  • @jwinthepro

    @jwinthepro

    4 жыл бұрын

    Like tapirs?

  • @user-kt7xp9mk7n

    @user-kt7xp9mk7n

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@jwinthepro No, it's another oder (no Artiodactyls and no Perissodactyla), they lived in South America long before first tapirs or lamas came there. This group diversified in the stange world, there was no elephants, but were giant sloths; no wolfs but carnivorous birds. And in this stange world they became no less strange herbivorous.

  • @Ninkira
    @Ninkira3 жыл бұрын

    One of my favorite episodes!! Really great coverage anD made me appreciate how fragile the road to complex life is

  • @BetaCentauri13
    @BetaCentauri134 жыл бұрын

    If the continental plates were shifting so violently during that time period, I think their separation points would probably be where the ice was thin enough to support photosynthesis. The shifting would generate/release heat and constantly cause cracks to firm in the ice, after all.

  • @ugoeze7360
    @ugoeze73604 жыл бұрын

    To volcanoes: the cause of - and solution to - all of prehistoric Earth's climate control problems.

  • @silasashe4158
    @silasashe41584 жыл бұрын

    It's amazing we're here at all

  • @22vx
    @22vx4 жыл бұрын

    eons is my favorite series on youtube

  • @PeachesiceT

    @PeachesiceT

    4 жыл бұрын

    22vx I feel sorry for you

  • @AB8511
    @AB85114 жыл бұрын

    I admit, that my highschool chemistry is a bit rusty right now, but I think there is mistake at 7:10. When you mix SO2 and H2O result will be H2SO3 not H2SO4. H2SO3 is still acidicic, but nowhere on the level of H2SO4. If the H2SO4 was raining down on us fun would be over very soon...

  • @marekptasznik1402

    @marekptasznik1402

    3 жыл бұрын

    There is possibility that SO2 in presence of Nitrogen oxides as catalyst might convert intoSO3 and form H2SO4. The amount and concentration of the acid might be not large enough to kill living organisms on Earth. It will however alter enviroment and inhibit some organisms in favour of more low pH tolerant forms. Just speculation.

  • @stevebennett2781

    @stevebennett2781

    3 жыл бұрын

    Sulfurous acid, H2SO3 becomes Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 by accepting another oxygen atom out of the atmosphere.

  • @mxpronounced3224
    @mxpronounced32244 жыл бұрын

    Slushball Earth is such a great band name

  • @Wkumar07
    @Wkumar074 жыл бұрын

    Thank you, Eons, for continuing to educate the American population and showing what real science actually is. Right now there are forces that are seeking to deny what science has taught us and we need as many voices as possible to remind us how beautiful and exact science can be.

  • @Wkumar07

    @Wkumar07

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@frankschneider6156 true, but I enjoy the US.

  • @Burn_Angel
    @Burn_Angel4 жыл бұрын

    PBS Eons: Sponges were almost unkillable [insert comment about SpongeBob being the longest running series on Nickelodeon]

  • @shaninejackman9395
    @shaninejackman93954 жыл бұрын

    I honestly learn better Stuff then I ever did in school watching these videos!!! Thank you PBS Eons & the ppl the ppl who work hard on these vids to give us this info!!!! 👏

  • @IMIMIMIMI
    @IMIMIMIMI4 жыл бұрын

    I love these videos! Thanks A LOT for your work, guys!

  • @zaniwoob
    @zaniwoob4 жыл бұрын

    "Low CO2 levels cool the earth" The plot thickens....

  • @nathanross7448
    @nathanross74484 жыл бұрын

    If the next episode doesn't start with a host singing the spongebob squarepants theme, I'll be severely disappointed

  • @ariavachier-lagravech.6910

    @ariavachier-lagravech.6910

    4 жыл бұрын

    Inb4 demonitised

  • @Dodoraptor4

    @Dodoraptor4

    4 жыл бұрын

    Nathan Ross I would like with a tiny tweak: “Who lived before pineapples under the sea?”

  • @randomobserver8168
    @randomobserver81683 жыл бұрын

    I just learned about fire fountains. This planet is amazing- garden paradise and hell all in one.

  • @mysticoversoul
    @mysticoversoul3 жыл бұрын

    This PBS program is totally awesome. I wish I had grown up learning all these information with and through them. ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

  • @richardorta8960
    @richardorta89604 жыл бұрын

    Extremophiles, those little things that live off of volcanic vents and stuff, could they have had a hand in preserving life? This was not brought up in the video.

  • @sacrecharlemagne2262

    @sacrecharlemagne2262

    4 жыл бұрын

    There are sponges that live by vents so it's possible they are saving that discussion for the next video.

  • @Dragrath1

    @Dragrath1

    4 жыл бұрын

    The problem with suggesting hydrothermal vents as the sole or main abode for life during the cryogenian is that they do not produce the conditions for oxygenated water and evidence suggests the sea floor was probably largely anoxic before the ice developed with deep water fossils not showing up until the Ediacaran. Sponges are multicellular Eukaryotes meaning the lack of oxygen at depth is a pretty big deal. Of course we can't rule out the possibility since sea ice formation can drive the sinking of seawater the problem is that during the glaciation most of the ice deposition was occurring at the poles and as such there wouldn't be exposed seas to absorb oxygen into the water. However Sponges are quite simple compared to other animals so it makes a low oxygen environment far more likely than an active animal. There are many sides to this argument and there isn't yet a consensus on the issue. Probably the larger issue at least according to some of the papers I have read is that the Sturtian overlaps with the time period that molecular clock dating suggests for the divergence between bilaterians and cnidarians two major orders of mobile complex animals which most modern animals are descended from. Given the number of surprisingly complex traits shared by both groups the last common ancestor was likely a mix of both groups with two major body layers one of which would divide into two separate layers in bilaterians a well defined body axis muscles and a neural network. Those are energy expensive traits that likely needed an oxygen rich environment. Don't get me wrong I have no doubt that things like sponges could probably meek it out in a volcanic environment but an environment where worm like mobile organisms could evolve. For that the leading hypothesis last I checked bolstered as models continue to improve seems to be one suggesting multi cellular plant and animal life probably survived within the oxygen rich meltwater pools cracks and fissures near the equator. The issue is largely still highly up for debate so it isn't surprising they skipped this.

  • @Ethan5I5

    @Ethan5I5

    4 жыл бұрын

    Dragrath1 Very long, didn’t read

  • @squireson

    @squireson

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Dragrath1 I was under the impression that only single celled organisms survived the very first global iceball (when oxygen ruined everything) and that the multicellular life arose (again but distinctly) after the last thawing.

  • @moboxgraphics
    @moboxgraphics4 жыл бұрын

    Would love to work on this channel

  • @PeachesiceT

    @PeachesiceT

    4 жыл бұрын

    MOBOX Graphics you should have higher goals than this show

  • @danny55531

    @danny55531

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@PeachesiceT No let him have his goals. I've seen his animations and he would totally fit in as an animator for this channel.

  • @placerdemaio

    @placerdemaio

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@PeachesiceT what you are talking about, this channel would be great to work for

  • @mdhsneaky4421

    @mdhsneaky4421

    3 жыл бұрын

    Did you get your wish?

  • @moboxgraphics

    @moboxgraphics

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@mdhsneaky4421 Sadly no, but I do work on similar channels, check out Real Engineering and Real Science!

  • @zalybrainlessgenius503
    @zalybrainlessgenius5034 жыл бұрын

    All these things you talk about in your videos are so interesting, I wish I could remember them for more than two hours

  • @TheDancingHyena
    @TheDancingHyena4 жыл бұрын

    I love that this awesome channel is trending! Wholly deserved.

  • @seany1986
    @seany19864 жыл бұрын

    Who lived under the frozen sea during Snowball Earth? Spongebob Squarepants! :D

  • @robertmackenzie3973

    @robertmackenzie3973

    4 жыл бұрын

    Sean Ryan no one, the anunaki came here to populate earth for gold.

  • @seany1986

    @seany1986

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@robertmackenzie3973 Do they didn't. You're wrong. I was there!

  • @iplyrunescape305

    @iplyrunescape305

    4 жыл бұрын

    Caveman Spongebob is in the snowball earth era, thats why its dark throughout the whole time lol

  • @stephenkessel1990

    @stephenkessel1990

    4 жыл бұрын

    Right in a pineapple cool!!

  • @stephenkessel1990

    @stephenkessel1990

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thats how papa johns pizza evolved from the crusty crab pizza.

  • @QuadiePoo
    @QuadiePoo4 жыл бұрын

    This is pretty much the best channel on KZread!

  • @Moses_VII

    @Moses_VII

    4 жыл бұрын

    PBS Space Time cough cough

  • @PeachesiceT

    @PeachesiceT

    4 жыл бұрын

    Quade Carter 👎

  • @smiteme3987
    @smiteme39874 жыл бұрын

    I absolutly live you guys!!! I'm planning on going to collage for this stuff I love it so much! Keep us the amazing videos guys I love em!

  • @milindkundal1518
    @milindkundal15183 жыл бұрын

    I don't undetstand.There is more than million veiw but only few thousand likes. Really love your channel 😊.Plz continue to thrive it for eternity.

  • @jcortese3300
    @jcortese33004 жыл бұрын

    01:28 -- For some reason, I think that is the coolest thing ever. That is just amazing looking ... a dynamic single moment in a long endless trickle of moments, billions of years worth of them. That is just so flipping cool.

  • @nevermindoff-27
    @nevermindoff-274 жыл бұрын

    New superhero, THE SPONGE!!! Can't wait.

  • @ambergris5705
    @ambergris57054 жыл бұрын

    Loved the music on this one!!

  • @IndoCalrissian
    @IndoCalrissian3 ай бұрын

    The was she said "Where it was warmer and wetter which weathered the rock even faster." is so poetic to me. Like a warm-up for speaking.

  • @theonebman7581
    @theonebman75814 жыл бұрын

    Nice, new Eons upload! :3

  • @Direblade11
    @Direblade114 жыл бұрын

    Oof. Igneous rock gets to be a province but the people living in the Canadian Arctic only get to be a territory

  • @UNIQUENAME2007
    @UNIQUENAME20074 жыл бұрын

    I'm a sponge for snowball earth literature, your presentation was really amazing. thanks! kinda making me like PBS again?

  • @cjthibeau4843
    @cjthibeau48434 жыл бұрын

    I remember hearing about the Snowball Earth Theory back in high school and now I know so much more! Thanks for always keeping me educated!

  • @francoislacombe9071
    @francoislacombe90714 жыл бұрын

    How far back in time could a stranded time traveler still survive by living off the land?

  • @julesmasseffectmusic

    @julesmasseffectmusic

    2 жыл бұрын

    Carboniferous. The oxy high would make us to dumb to live. We would remember just enough and be reckless enough to kill ourselves.

  • @judsonwall8615

    @judsonwall8615

    Жыл бұрын

    I’ve heard the Carboniferous ~300 million years ago would be the first possible time that the oxygen would be breathable and there would be sufficient plant and animal life to sustain us (if we don’t take into account microorganisms that could kill us and things like that). So, from 4.568 billion years, the earth was toxic to us for four billion, two hundred sixty-eight million of those years.

  • @than217
    @than2174 жыл бұрын

    "While the most popular theory is that our planet's thermostat just ...Failed." Nah, it's more likely the sensor that failed. These older model planets have a lot of problems with the climate sensors. I'll switch it out, I won't even charge you for it.

  • @karid9041
    @karid90414 жыл бұрын

    Ahhh, Earth is so cool! I always love learning about this weird speck of dust we call home.

  • @JadedJassy21
    @JadedJassy214 жыл бұрын

    I can't stop watching these videos....so glad I found these!

  • @grantingtherant1465
    @grantingtherant14654 жыл бұрын

    So Spongebob is responsible for all of us living today Because his pineapple under the sea could withstand a blizzard

  • @druid_zephyrus

    @druid_zephyrus

    4 жыл бұрын

    I am pretty sure half of us are spawned from Patrick, and half of us are spawned from squidward, but yes thanks to Spongebob we survived!

  • @robindavies188

    @robindavies188

    4 жыл бұрын

    You know that Spongebob Squarepants' twentieth birthday is today . Debuted on Nickelodeon July 17, 1999

  • @LimeyLassen

    @LimeyLassen

    4 жыл бұрын

    i.redd.it/vy8o4w8ccle21.jpg

  • @giovannirafael5351
    @giovannirafael53513 жыл бұрын

    You could have explained more of why sulphur dioxides helps cooling the planet. Just in case anyone is curious, it does so by forming aerosols, as sulfur dioxide forms sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere. Stratospheric aerosols reflect a lot of the Sun's light at the stratosphere, which makes impossible for that radiation to reach the troposphere and, consequently, the surface of the planet

  • @DesperateLaughter
    @DesperateLaughter4 жыл бұрын

    I'm so grateful for this channel! :)

  • @DANGJOS
    @DANGJOS3 жыл бұрын

    Fascinating video and well narrated! Thank you!

  • @damirsaurio
    @damirsaurio4 жыл бұрын

    PBS eons should do a video about the terrestrial godnwanian crocodilomorphs

  • @MUtley-rf8vg

    @MUtley-rf8vg

    4 жыл бұрын

    "Terrestrial Gondwanian crocodylomorphs" - File under: future band names.

  • @Googledeservestodie
    @Googledeservestodie4 жыл бұрын

    "now there have been glaciers on our planet before, in fact we still have some now" *Nervously laughs in climate change*

  • @n3v3rforgott3n9

    @n3v3rforgott3n9

    4 жыл бұрын

    just release tons of sulfur into the air it will fix the warming issue and the human issue ;)

  • @KuK137

    @KuK137

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@oyoo3323 Yep, rains of sulfuric acid would sure solve that one problem right quick...

  • @itrthho

    @itrthho

    4 жыл бұрын

    Just one big enough volcano or one big enough rock from space and you won't have to worry about it.

  • @ronin1648

    @ronin1648

    4 жыл бұрын

    Nuclear winter will fix global warming.

  • @crazycatlady39

    @crazycatlady39

    4 жыл бұрын

    Climate change - Snowball Earth in reverse. Now it's Dirtball Earth.

  • @Bbybg
    @Bbybg4 жыл бұрын

    My kids and I love your videos. The kids are more interested in the animals videos but I love them all. When I was little I remember watching many documentaries about our world with my grandpa and I hope to do the same with my kids.

  • @Hortonscakes
    @Hortonscakes3 жыл бұрын

    These episodes are so good, I'm watching them twice! 💯💯💯

  • @yummyherbicide7296
    @yummyherbicide72964 жыл бұрын

    Yosemite: explodes Ice: happens

  • @siebkelderart7599
    @siebkelderart75994 жыл бұрын

    OMG I kept requesting one on snowball earth and here it is! 😍 I don't know if that helped to get this video but thanks so much anyways, you guys rock!

  • @rutvikrs
    @rutvikrs4 жыл бұрын

    This is grander than any creation myth

  • @mafarmerga
    @mafarmerga4 жыл бұрын

    Best explanation of Snowball Earth I have ever heard. Well Done.

  • @PhillProbst
    @PhillProbst4 жыл бұрын

    While I can understand how fossilized magnetism can reveal the orientation of the ancient rocks, I don’t see how it can reveal their location.

  • @Theconductr

    @Theconductr

    4 жыл бұрын

    I posted a long reply and accidentally deleted it and now I want to cry

  • @californiumblog
    @californiumblog3 жыл бұрын

    I would love to know how tides worked (or didn't) during these freezes.

  • @bejak6194
    @bejak61944 жыл бұрын

    I'm waiting whole week for the new episode. Thanks for all episodes

  • @kashways1657
    @kashways16574 жыл бұрын

    Maybe life flourished under the thick ice by getting energy from underwater volcanoes (which some aquatic species still do on Earth, and that theory also supports that there might be life under the ice on Jupiter's moon, Europa.

  • @RalfStephan
    @RalfStephan4 жыл бұрын

    Not sulfur is released by volcanoes but sulfur dioxide (S burns to SO2)

  • @KateeAngel
    @KateeAngel4 жыл бұрын

    One day Earth looked like Enceladus. Albedo 101%

  • @matthewpilling9494
    @matthewpilling94944 жыл бұрын

    This is the best KZread channel ever

  • @juliocasim4330
    @juliocasim43304 жыл бұрын

    I really love watching PBS eons.

  • @jax1722
    @jax17224 жыл бұрын

    You guys are the best! I love your vids. If you did something about Madagascar or New Zealand it would be so cool

  • @lewisirwin5363

    @lewisirwin5363

    4 жыл бұрын

    They've at least covered the ratite birds (Moa, kiwi, elephant bird, etc.), so there's that one for a start.

  • @jax1722

    @jax1722

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@lewisirwin5363 Yeah I watched that video and it was very good, I enjoyed it. But there's thousands of other strange creatures from the islands

  • @PeachesiceT

    @PeachesiceT

    4 жыл бұрын

    I live in New Zealand, not entirely accurate at all!

  • @jax1722

    @jax1722

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@PeachesiceT well that's cuz those animals are normal to you

  • @johnescobar92
    @johnescobar924 жыл бұрын

    Its crazy. If none of this happened, we wouldn't be here.

  • @manueldavidoff
    @manueldavidoff4 жыл бұрын

    this channel its so mind-blowing! I have to watch every episode two or three times to understand...,

  • @PeachesiceT

    @PeachesiceT

    4 жыл бұрын

    manuel davidoff yes go learn more mis information 😂

  • @winkblue6851
    @winkblue68514 жыл бұрын

    I stumbled over this channel by accident 2 month or so ago and I've been binging vids since

  • @cesarefumare
    @cesarefumare4 жыл бұрын

    Hey Earth! Just look at yourself. What happened to you? You used to be so cool. Twice.

  • @user-ck1zi8qf4i

    @user-ck1zi8qf4i

    4 жыл бұрын

    now she's getting too hawt

  • @Dragrath1

    @Dragrath1

    4 жыл бұрын

    @Andrew Gray The problem is that the Earth is getting hotter but the RATE at which the Earth is getting hotter. There is several orders of magnitude of a difference in the rate of changes between now and prehistoric temperature impacts. Plus those previous analogs were very bad times for life that have been known as mass extinctions such as the grand daddy of them all the Great Dying.

  • @duhduhvesta
    @duhduhvesta4 жыл бұрын

    Moth or butterfly evolution please!!!

  • @AnyOtherNamePlease
    @AnyOtherNamePlease4 жыл бұрын

    The music in this episode is beautiful...

  • @albertchehade9916
    @albertchehade99163 жыл бұрын

    Got a chill up my spine.....

  • @ComaDave
    @ComaDave4 жыл бұрын

    "Sponges grow in the ocean. That just kills me. I wonder how much deeper the ocean would be if that didn't happen" - Steven Wright.

  • @lilharddad
    @lilharddad4 жыл бұрын

    Could you guys do a video on the evolution of otters, i want to know how sea otters became cute and fluffy. But river otters are water goblins

  • @nicholaslewis8594

    @nicholaslewis8594

    4 жыл бұрын

    That sounds adorable and terrifying at the same time.

  • @lilharddad

    @lilharddad

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@nicholaslewis8594 exactly like otters my friend

  • @melvinshine9841

    @melvinshine9841

    4 жыл бұрын

    Male sea otters sometimes will essentially hold baby otters hostage so that females will gather food for them. Sea otters have a dark side, too.

  • @lilharddad

    @lilharddad

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@melvinshine9841 tbh they are all water goblins and thats ok i think

  • @julielabelle2783
    @julielabelle27833 жыл бұрын

    Amazing. Thank you for sharing this with us.

  • @GamingMuchTerry
    @GamingMuchTerry3 жыл бұрын

    Fantastic episode. Really informative.

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