Read more about 2D materials in Charlie Wood's extended profile of Jie Shan and Kin Fai Mak for Quanta Magazine: www.quantamagazine.org/physics-duo-finds-magic-in-two-dimensions-20220816/

@nrgj.t669

Жыл бұрын

If you flush gasses with the appropriate temperature ,pressure with these systems on artificial will become real atoms because of free level cohesion at atomic scale

@arc19-x

Жыл бұрын

Jie Shan and Kin Fai Mak need to look deeper, these emergent properties are just a hint at an underlying structure. ;D

@Splittechfeelings

Жыл бұрын

My question is, if they can simulate a series of oxygen atoms, can they actually produce oxygen from these structures?

@sepg5084

Жыл бұрын

Semiconductors are not alternative 2D materials, but they can be 2D materials.

@kukulroukul4698

Жыл бұрын

@@nrgj.t669 NEVER ! the gluons are the same

This channel is so high quality and criminally under-watched. Another A+ video

@TheMap1997

Жыл бұрын

A lot of budget

@merveilleskatumba2886

Жыл бұрын

True, this Channel is gold

@JMHynzie

Жыл бұрын

It appears to suffer from an “old media” style that is going out of fashion. Loads and loads of b and c roll shots that don’t allow the viewer to get a good visualisation of what’s being spoken about for 80% of the video. Unfortunate because they do a decent job of reporting.

@easygame4241

Жыл бұрын

Wtf that’s at least one SSS too less. I feel confident this video is something to be proud of.

@Personal-jr9rn

Жыл бұрын

@@JMHynzie well u should consider if the inability to "get a good visualisation of what's being spoken about" is coming from you. I personally found the visualisation sufficient

Almost like they're making their own "fields" and then creating particles by putting different levels of energy into those "fields." Amazing.

@ELbabotas1

Жыл бұрын

Sounds hella scary when you say it like that

@kukulroukul4698

Жыл бұрын

yes but the strenght of the chemical bonding of one of those artificial atoms its significantly weaker than that of an natural atom Those energy levels are DIFFERENT than the natural ones

@ThatUnknownDude_

Жыл бұрын

Pretty much making their own sandbox.. hmmm

@alexlo7708

Жыл бұрын

@@kukulroukul4698 Also the frequency of electron orbit are slower to they can applied by voltage.

@frankdimeglio8216

Жыл бұрын

@@kukulroukul4698 To be a top down and truly great physicist, you need to be a top down and truly great mathematician. Here's the CLEAR proof ON BALANCE. ULTIMATE, CLEAR, BALANCED, INTEGRATED, IRREFUTABLE, AND MATHEMATICAL PROOF THAT ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity: Consider what is TIME. E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky ON BALANCE; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE. Great. Consider WHAT IS THE EYE ON BALANCE !!! Great. c squared CLEARLY represents a dimension of SPACE ON BALANCE. GREAT. Consider TIME AND time dilation ON BALANCE. Consider what is THE SUN ON BALANCE. GREAT. Indeed, notice what is the orange AND setting Sun ON BALANCE !! ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Consider WHAT IS THE EYE ON BALANCE !!!! GREAT ❤️❤️❤️❤️. Finally, what is lava IS orange; AND it is even blood red. Excellent. By Frank DiMeglio Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on what is THE EARTH/ground. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY (AND NECESSARILY) proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). Indeed, in identifying or considering what is THE EYE/EARTH balance, what is THE EARTH is ALSO BLUE. Great. NOTICE: Gravity cannot be shielded (or blocked) ON BALANCE. Magnificent !! Water flows downhill. Great. By Frank

I saw a video by Veritasium where he showed the Moiré lattice pattern, he held two transparent sheets of a honeycomb-ish pattern overlapping, and I remember seeing the different shapes and structures emerging, being completely fascinated! I got way too excited about it and felt silly. I'm a 30 year old woman, and I wanted to have these sheets myself to explore these patterns, they're beautiful. I knew there was something to it, and this video makes me very, very happy! Can't wait to see more from this research and channel, I'm a new subscriber.

@errgo2713

Жыл бұрын

It is exciting, nothing silly about recognizing that!

@ezfzx

Жыл бұрын

Moiré patterns have been used in art forever, but in my physics lectures, I show moiré patterns as a visual version of beat oscillation, and also as examples of a simple kind of interference pattern. (Think: holograms.) They are an excellent example of how there are larger patterns of patterns, and larger patterns still. This application is exciting, but also a natural next step in this direction of innovation. If we extended the hologram analogy, building a "holographic" graphene (or other material) pattern for a customized purpose would be exciting. (Think: super computer on a postage stamp.) These ideas aren't new, but bringing them into reality IS new, and very, very exciting.

@lis7742

Жыл бұрын

@@ezfzx Yes! I saw another video here on KZread a couple of hours ago, where this pattern was shown in a gradual simulation, showing all different patterns as it was turning. My first thought was; this looks like an oscillation/cymatics pattern! I also love the idea of showing things in a holographic way. Maybe a stupid question, but what if you layered three sheets of the pattern, would they show structures in 3D?

@ezfzx

Жыл бұрын

@@lis7742 It just gets more complicated, like adding more electron harmonics, and without precision control, there comes a chance that some of the sought after patterns would suffer from some slight destructive interference. Maybe an A.I. could manage it.

@lis7742

Жыл бұрын

@@ezfzx I'm thinking the same, I can't wait to see how much an AI will immensely augment advancements in science (and many other areas). It's giving me hope for the future.

I love the realism of his attitude. He acknowledged that this work may not have much real world scaling, but the concepts themselves are what is important.

Whoa. I love this type of minimalist approach to problems in general. It's so elegant here. Very inspiring!

@WsciekleMleko

Жыл бұрын

Bad bot

@errgo2713

Жыл бұрын

@@WsciekleMleko I might be bad or stupid, but not a bot 👌🏻

@juastw2285

Жыл бұрын

@@WsciekleMleko 🤡

@WsciekleMleko

Жыл бұрын

@@juastw2285 I choose dialog option 2.

Great video, thank you. Well scripted and visualized. You did a great job in explaining this concept clearly and concisely. Many video production creators don't get it right by doing what you did. Keeping it simple.

May I just say I am delighted how quickly this video followed the last!! I can’t get enough of this channel!!

So many developments like this seem hypey. But this one, dropping to 2D is such a beautiful simplification, lends itself to sane-time computer simulation. The moiré bit, again, beautiful. Reminds me a lot of X-ray crystallography, maybe similar potential for discovering how stuff works.

@johndownes3841

Жыл бұрын

Couldn't have put it better

Never thought I would see Moire patterns being mentioned here. Absolutely amazing video!

My physics are 30 years old, but/and thanks for keeping me updated. What a great channel, I agree with the man who said it was underwatched. And what wonderful people these 2 are.

This was fascinating - great work!

Props to the teams including postdoc and phd students in the research, because we know they are the unsung contributing heroes

This seems genuinely revolutionary

@lucidvizion

Жыл бұрын

You can tell by how big they are smiling.

@everythingisalllies2141

Жыл бұрын

NOPE, its genuinely a bunch of nonsense, that's why they are smiling. No one has even seen a single Atom with any clarity, everything we think we know about atoms is pure speculation, No one has ever detected an Electron, a Proton or a Neutron, they are ASSSUMED to exist because or MODEL of the Atom says they ought to exist. Well, some don't agree with the current Model. Science is not about consensus. So, they haven't created an atom from Electrons at all, they have not ever actually studied an electron, because they cant capture one or even if they did, nothing they could do could examine such an object. Creating a sheet of graphene or similar only a couple of atoms thick, it would necessarily be practically invisible to an optical system. Remember an electron scanning microscope can only see a fuzzy blob that they think is an individual atom, so a material made from only two stacked is going to be too flimsy to hold together. Look at gold foil, it gets so thin that it cant be handled mechanically. it wafts away on the air currents if if gets too thin. And even then it no where near a few atoms thick. So they are claiming to be able to make any element by just adding electrons one by one... but Hydrogen has one electron and one Proton, but he said he added a single electron to make Helium, but Helium needs 2 Protons, so where did they second Proton come from? There is no way to just "add" a single electron by "dialling up the voltage". This is just like the quantum fake science they all rave about. All BS.

@lucidvizion

Жыл бұрын

@@everythingisalllies2141 Let's assume everything you say is true. The device you are using to type all of this is based on storing billions of on/off states in matter using electrons. So even if we have never seen an atom or electron that doesn't really matter in any practical sense. We can build things in the real world with our models and they work in a consistent manner.

@everythingisalllies2141

Жыл бұрын

@@lucidvizion No, you ASSUME that the IC in my computer is working by storing little chinks of matter you called Electrons, because that is part of your imaginery MODEL of how electricity works. But SOMETHING is happening, but to claim its electrons is just your assumption. Truth is there is no way for you to prove that these electrons actually exist, you have never isolated one and presented it for inspection.

@aniketmaiti944

Жыл бұрын

Artificial atoms based on Josephson junctions have been around for more than a decade now lol

Thank you. Having recently read an article that corresponds to the subjectd of this video, I find this presentation is a lot more approachable and, really, very much more exciting than was the article.

astonishing! who wouldve guessed moire patterns could unlock this new world! bravo to Jie Shan, Fai Mak and their students

I'd love to see a more in-depth video about the mechanics of how the stacked sheets create virtual atoms! What are the limitations? Are there any conceivable functional/commercial uses (beyond research). What an exciting development in physics research! I'm surprised this is the first I'm hearing of this technique/technology.

@theflufffactor6060

Жыл бұрын

Funny enough, this is actually my field of research. I'm a PhD student in condensed matter experiment. The great part about these 2D materials is that we really don't know what their full capabilities are. We haven't yet realized all practical materials in 2D with proper study, so nobody knows what's still out there. Commercial uses range from solar panels that are factors more efficient than current panels, to faster computers, larger quantum computers, and many more. Realistically, this is one of the most fruitful fields of physics that still has a lot to be picked.

@GregConquest

Жыл бұрын

@@theflufffactor6060 Can the virtual atoms move around in their 2D matrix? Can they be combined into molecules?

@adt7058

Жыл бұрын

@@GregConquest i think that as long as the moire pattern doesn't move, the Artificials Atoms (AA) won't move, AA are localized here. but creating an AA with an STM tip over a 2D materials (graphene), and moving the STM tip should give you mobile AA. if 2 AA are close enough, their state shall interact giving you Artificial Molecule. in the futur if we can control lot's of AA, we can simulate complex molecules and study their behaviour without doing very taxing computation, that's what we call quantu simulation i think (not sure)

@theflufffactor6060

Жыл бұрын

@@GregConquest There is something called a semiconductor nanocrystal which people call an artificial atom, which can be assembled into artificial molecules. At least in my subsubfield, we don't care too much about moving them around in space. We focus on the electromagnetic properties of these low dimensional systems, not necessarily where they are. In theory, you can control where these virtual atoms "are" by carefully configuring the real material stacks. In practice, these material systems are hard to make in the first place. Typically, if your project is on material AB, you would be over the moon if you can synthesize it and measure it. We are very much in the baby stages of this field. The Nobel Prize for the study of graphene was in 2010, just to put things in perspective.

@tainor89

Жыл бұрын

Wait wait, I’m more thinking about combining those atoms in molecules and creating realistic matter? As in a form of very crude replicators from Star Trek is that possible? Would be awesome to be able to create actual matter from virtual Atoms! Imagine the possibilities if this becomes a reality!

what a genius idea. you can tell theyre passionate about their field too by the smiles on their faces when they talk about it

This channel deserves more credit, hands down has the best science in a nutshell consumer content on KZread.

fascinating stuff! love this channel! hear about all the things that I would never know about otherwise, and with such crisp animations. Thanks team and all!

Wow. This feels like game changing research. New technology here we come. Material sciences are fascinating.

Wow…breath-taking research… How exciting to learn of it. I feel very privileged to have you share this information!

Great audio in this video, guys. Keep the sound guys you've got..they're rare to find on KZread! So big shout.

as a phd working on something similar, I really enjoyed watching this really well done video with great researchers. thanks Quanta for sharing and creating high quality content

Always something new and high quality, isn't it? Amazing!

This channel covers such premiere topics.. with beautiful animation and natural narration.. it's a future 10M+ channel.

Beautifully animated, great job Quanta

So glad I found your channel 😊❤️ Excellent video.

A while ago I read an article also about a similar moire experiments and where by accident was discovered that under a particular angle at room temperature electrons move without loss through the material. In the topology of materials and their setup there is still quite some exploration of new physics possible

@SirPetten_Physicist

Жыл бұрын

could you plz link it in here?

@kinzieconrad105

Жыл бұрын

You just pointed out a real world application. High temp superconducting.

As another person commented..."WHOA!" This sounds every bit as much a potential for experimental discoveries as the introduction of the microscope, electron microscope, telescope, oscilloscope, etc. It may offer even more fundamental utility in linking geometry (2D planes, Moire patterns, alignments between planes, etc.) to the physics of materials I don't think that has previously even been considered as an avenue for exploration

@ezfzx

Жыл бұрын

It has been considered, but, until recently, just hypothetical, waiting for the technology to catch up ... like so much innovation. When physicists get frustrated waiting for the future to arrive, they sometimes go write "hard" science fiction, a largely untapped resource for scientific inspiration. :)

@gregparrott

Жыл бұрын

@@ezfzx Did I hear 'Mars Trilogy' or 'Ender's Game' ?

@ezfzx

Жыл бұрын

@@gregparrott Perhaps! Some of the best "hard science" fiction, isn't always great fiction, since the authors are so excited by the science. But the science fans who understand it will eat it up. Some of the best ideas we've had for little under-grad research projects were inspired by works no one (outside of the science community) had ever heard of.

@heh2393

Жыл бұрын

@@gregparrott Ender's Game is just god-tier

@monad_tcp

Жыл бұрын

Imagine the capacity of a self-modifying microchip, real programmable electronics, not fake one like in FPGAs. No one saw that potential, forget about superconductors. That would boost computers to another scale of power and give another spin to the wheel of Moore's law. (it is getting a bit slower , Moore's law is not dead and never will die, but the wheel can get slower and slower until a paradigm shift like this) That if made into a working product would be a trillion dollar industry. We could even call it metaelectronics, imagine the potential !

All this depth from an in-flight magazine, I’m impressed.

Wow this is really exotic. Thanks for this amazing video. So exciting.

Stuff like this blows my mind. Extremely interesting.

Very exciting stuff. The development of a room temp superconductor would be game changing :O

Please add captions! Automated captions are good but I feel like with your way of words, seeing the captions makes it even better imo! Very great video too!

Controlling artificial electron shells with voltage, using moire patterns of superimposed lattices?! That's insanely cool

Interesting video. Your 3d graphics department is making excellent work

6:46 Just wondering whether the different central potential from a Coulomb one would play spoilsport in modeling physical systems. But it's a fantastic idea even otherwise, with possible long-term ramifications. Godspeed.

Mind blowing, elegant, creativity.

Im so glad the guy looks so happy talking about what he did

Quanta Magazine has such fascinating content, bleeding-edge content. I love it!

I like this scientifically productive marriage!

Amazing. Great video, thanks.

A wonderfully inspirational video, especially for young aspiring physicists.

Absolutely amazing!

another damn good video. I always waited for new videos from "Quanta Magazine"

i missed the secrets and physics part, but i got all of the hype so thanks for that

She was my physics 1 professor at Case Western! Good to see she's doing big things

When they discussed the Moire Super-lattice and artificial atoms, I was amazed. Never thought we could ever get so close to atomic transmutation! Good jobs guys, we need more research on this, it could be huge, the equivalent to A.I singularity but for physics and chemistry!

@LeanMan82

Жыл бұрын

agreed!

Brilliant innovation. So much new work to be done

This is a phenomenal video

I'm wondeirng if this is what it was like for the square having the revelations about Flatland's existence

Wow, wow, wow thats amazing. How useful that will be to understand chemistry even more

Quanta , please don't let us alone with this long period of waiting :( Thnak you Qunata

Holy mother of god… virtual-atoms… I’ve seen it all now.

A new everything I like that ! Lets Go !When will we Realize This

Can someone help me clear up my confusion?: As I understand it, atoms are kinda defined by their number of protons, 1 for H, 2 for He, 3 for Li, etc. So why does changing the metric associated with electrons change the atom, and not just change it to a type of ion instead? Also, as I understand it, an atom usually has the same amount of protons as neutrons, so are these created atoms special isotopes of the usual atoms?

@tiagodasilva1124

Жыл бұрын

What they have is a region in the 2D structure that behaves like an individual atom, but it's actually way bigger, so it's easier to measure. Atoms are defined by the number of protons, but their real behaviour and most characteristics are defined by how the electron cloud is distributed. That's why atoms in the same column of the periodic table have similar properties. When they change the voltage it changes how the simulated atom behaves.

@ToriKo_

Жыл бұрын

@@tiagodasilva1124 appreciate the clear explanation!

@ezfzx

Жыл бұрын

@@ToriKo_ Yeah, I don't think there are actually any protons or neutrons in there. When they say "atom", it sounds like they've reproduced an electron cloud environment similar to what you'd find around an actual atom. Which is why it's "larger", because an actual atomic nucleus would pull those electrons in a LOT tighter.

@JasonB808

Жыл бұрын

According to Wikipedia. The amount of electrons in atom mirror the number of protons.

@ezfzx

Жыл бұрын

@@JasonB808 That is typically true. But these structures they are making are, near as I can tell, not complete atoms. They are clouds of electrons resonating the way they would if they were attached to an atom. It's very clever, but also a very VERY loose application of the phrase "artificial atom", which is no doubt causing the confusion.

Can someone explain something to me (not a trained scientist): how many of these "virtual atoms" can they manipulate at once? Are they able to scale the quantity up enough to make, for instance, clouds of virtual hydrogen, helium, etc?

@harshsharma1828

Жыл бұрын

Yeah and does this artificial atom go away when no more voltage is applied.

@boiwaif

Жыл бұрын

@@errgo2713 I don't think they are stable without the specific pressure, temperature, and energy conditions, as the quasiparticles are formed from those. I think you can see it as an electron liquid, where depending on those conditions it exhibits different, more bizarre quantum states of matter that are emergent from the interaction of many particles.

@ToriKo_

Жыл бұрын

Also as I understand it, atoms are kinda defined by their number of protons, 1 for H, 2 for He, 3 for Li, etc. So why does changing the metric associated with electrons change the atom, and not just change it to a type of ion instead? Also, as I understand it, an atom usually has the same amount of protons as neutrons, so are these created atoms special isotopes of the usual atoms?

@apurvsahu7117

Жыл бұрын

this is what I wanted to ask

@silentobserver3433

Жыл бұрын

@@asdli6402 Because they aren't really atoms. It's a really common thing in condensed physics to do "simulations" of the real thing by using an absolutely different physical object, that on some level behaves similar to the thing you are studying. In this case, having read the article, it's not electrons that are orbiting "artificial atoms", it's "excitons" - a "particle" consisting of an electron+hole pair in different layers of the material. It is not really a particle in a physical sense, but it *behaves* like one, and if you are willing to accept it as a particle, it follows the regular Schrodinger's equation (except in 2D). This isn't the first time condensed physics has done this - there are also so called "phonons", for example, that are quantum particles of sound waves - basically a particle representation of deformation waves travelling through a material, and they also behave like regular quantum particles if you look at them right. What that Moiré lattice does is create potential wells for those "excitons", similar to how nucleus creates a potential well for an electron in the atom. This way, these excitons follow the Schrodinger's equation really similar to that of a real atom, so the effects you find with them can be applied to real atoms too. That's why they're called "virtual atoms" - they're not atoms in any real sense, there's no nucleus and there are excitons instead of electrons, but it's similar enough to be interesting. And yes, you can create lots of them - they're automatically "placed" at the nodes of the Moiré lattice, so as long as your sheet of material is big enough, you can get as many of them as you want.

This is Awesome. In the traditional sense of the word.

in one dimension i have some general understanding of their descriptions ...in the other dimension, I have no idea what they are talking about...

Modern alchemy! Love it!

Incredible content ❤❤

Simply amazing!

Amazing work

I envy this couple ;) Being scientifically productive like that is the very fun of life.

Makes me want to create two hexagon lattice pattern layers in an image editor file, then make them transparent and slide them around to marvel at the shapes.

I had heard of their work but not read it yet, so I watched this video. I've watched Quanta videos in the past, and I think this one went a bit thin on the content. Based on the level of detail of the other videos on this channel, I think you could have had more details on their spintronic lab and the physics of the so-called "virtual atoms". Still, good video, now I need to go download those papers.

Reminds me, rather surprisingly, of L. Ron Hubbard's "Battlefield Earth" (the book, not the movie). I loved it as a 'teen in the '80s, and still do - it's a fun soft sci-fi pulp romp. One of the things that caught me about it was something very odd, wherein the chemical elements' nature was fundamentally based upon the electron shells (not in the obvious sense of valence shells, but rather in the more fundamental way that one associates normally with nuclides).

Absolutely wicked. Thank you for sharing.

I can’t wait until they start using this tech to start simulating instead of just single elements, compounds and complex molecules. We could actually start seeing how bonds form between different atoms and see how Adams move through space or stuff like that since I’m not too good at chemistry

These are good videos

Pete's sakes!!!!!! This is mind-blowing. This is astonishing!

Another great video

This is awesome 👏

This video really rings a bell, having just begun reading “The Three Body Problem”.

Your explanation is so good!

This makes intuitive sense, and is one of those “I should have seen this solution!” moments. Clearly, I’m delusional.

I’ve been hoping for something like this. Hope it actually pans out.

Yeeees i love moire patterns, thats dope

Where can I read the peer review? I searched the linked article but found no references to peer review.

An interesting study, indeed. If they can control atoms more effectively, it could make huge improvements perhaps one day. My other point is that by adding electrons you are creating ions of hydrogen. To create heavier elements you need protons and neutrons. Still, it's a good method, IMO.

That is amazing research

This is amazing

These new techniques have the potential of revolutionizing how we create new materials with new properties. The implications are mind boggling!

beautiful, love how can make helium and other things, and one day being using as microfluid manufacturing in space like mini-Oneill cylinders

How does this not get more views, the greater public needs this information

Have any undergraduate in Cornell worked on this project?

is possible to throw a time crystal in the middle of the graphene? just curious???????? im curious to see if the variances of frequencies effect of electrons synchronization and to measure sensitivity to change

OMG! Mind-blown!

Keep it up scientist, the world needed you.

Quanta Magazine graces youtube again with beautiful science reporting.

Question: aren’t the number of protons what determine an element? In the video they say changing the number of electrons is like artificially creating different elements. Can someone help me understand what I’m missing?

6:08 that room is crazy, chalkboard as wallpaper

That’s like Alchemy!!! Bravo

Wow, imagine the applications, smart materials, which does not only change molecular, but atomic structure!

So they've created artificial Atoms (artificially simulated atoms) within the stack of semiconductor material and when applying voltage an atom changes its properties from one atom element to another. Marvelous!!!

This is incredible

I hope this couple is blessed with many children. Propagating their genius code could be a force of good for civilization.

That’s a breakthrough in chemistry and technology, wow 😮😮😮😮😮

Living the dream. Imagine being happily married and working together on something like this. Spending quality time with the wife, while changing the world doing physics.