I watch a lot of science KZreadrs, and you are my favorite Sabine for your no nonsense type of attitude.

@EffySalcedo

Жыл бұрын

Yup, thats our Sabine making our lives so much easier 🤗🌄🍹

@Godakuri

Жыл бұрын

There are also a lot of pop science KZreadrs who just spout nonsense out their ass

@apocalypse487

Жыл бұрын

Who's your not so favorite Sabine?

@mustafayilmaz2259

Жыл бұрын

@@Godakuri Haklısın George bu kanalı terk ediyorum

@Godakuri

Жыл бұрын

@Bobb Grimley What

Would love a video on why you think Planck Length isn't the smallest.

@georgelionon9050

Жыл бұрын

I remember she had a video why it's not a "pixel"..

@theFLCLguy

Жыл бұрын

I always thought of it as the smallest measurable length.

@caribbeanman3379

Жыл бұрын

It can't be the smallest length because circles exist and Pi is an irrational number and a circle is basically a polygon with an infinite number of infinitely small sides of equal length with angles infinitely close to 180 degrees between adjacent sides.

@StefanLopuszanski

Жыл бұрын

@@caribbeanman3379 : Uh, that makes no sense. That isn't physics, that's geometry.

@facts9144

Жыл бұрын

@@StefanLopuszanski urm, it actually do make sense,maybe have another read…

Lex Fridman should have you on his podcast

3:50 Toasty! I never expected to see a Mortal Kombat reference here. 😂

There is a Black Hole in my washing machine, it keeps eating my socks!!!

Love this video Sabine! And thanks for promoting my channel. One cool related effect involves so-called “sonic black holes “, sometimes called a dumb hole or acoustic black hole, is a phenomenon in which phonons ... first theorized to be by William Unruh in 1981. In these BH phonons (sound perturbations) are unable to escape from a region of a fluid that is flowing more quickly than the local speed of sound. In 2010, some experimentalists even made one in the lab that rotated like most astrophysical black holes!

@antonhengst8667

Жыл бұрын

This is a principle behind a delaval nozzle, which has many applications but perhaps most visibly as the fundamental component of every single rocket engine. By accelerating a fluid (in the case of a rocket, the products of combustion) to the local speed of sound in the throat of the nozzle and then supersonic once outside of the nozzle, the chamber is completely unperturbable by exterior conditions, so the pressure and temperature within the chamber once it reaches equilibrium is a constant. When designing rocket engine, the chamber temperature or pressure are one of the first parameters to be established, as these are constrained by the materials (usually metal) that compose the chamber.

@greedowins2917

Жыл бұрын

Bothers me that a classical phenomenon is used so heavily as a stand-in for a non-classic phenomenon. We can agree there are similarities, but any inferences into unknown science are based on the assumption that the similarities continue - even when we know at some point the similarities end. To be fair, black holes are hard to study directly, and even a possibly wrong guess is better than a shrug.

@paurushbhatnagar8100

Жыл бұрын

@@greedowins2917 BH r indeed fascinating but recreating it on earth require more than lasers or sonic waves. BH r product of dying stars. Earth would not be able to withstand it's pull. Even if we do try to emulate BH we cud not be able to control it's progression.

Thank you Dr. Hossenfelder! I love science and physics and am so glad that I found someone who can present these concepts at a level I can understand. "If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough."

@456MrPeople

Жыл бұрын

It’s Dr. Hossenfelder. Put some respect on that name.

@msromike123

Жыл бұрын

@@456MrPeople Of course you are right! I will edit it right now.

@animalbird9436

Жыл бұрын

@@msromike123 I,will av a go ov that..get some respect and send me all your money and bank details..joey I'll do it.🤣🤣🤣🤣🤯🤯🤯😱❤❤❤❤

@1112viggo

Жыл бұрын

@@456MrPeople Why? That´s the great thing about physicists, they don´t care about respect they just care about the truth. Well that and funding.

@2:05 I would absolutely love to hear your take on the planck lenght Dr.Hossenfelder and all other units planck sized, what really is the mystery about it and why does quantum mechanics not have a description of it?

@darthkek1953

Жыл бұрын

Yes, she cannot casually drop in a hint she has a spicy take on Planck Lengths and then abandon us !!

@Dx-Dm

Жыл бұрын

From what I recall, she already released a video on it. You can check her backlog.

@animalbird9436

Жыл бұрын

All the plank length is.is the smallest we can go with equations..its never been visually looked at .so who really is to say its the smallest lengths..if we found different math maybe we could go smaller..

@charliemeyer6475

Жыл бұрын

She cited a smaller calculated distance than the plank length, the Schwarzschild radius of a proton.

@movax20h

Жыл бұрын

It is a nonsense. Almost waste of time to even discuss this. I have never seen or heard of a real argument that it is "smallest length", or whatever.

I never realized how badly I need a black hole trash can in my life until hearing you mention one lol

@seamon9732

Жыл бұрын

You need to get irradiated to death every time you drop something in it? Not sure...

@Trias805

Жыл бұрын

Until you accidentally throw your phone into the trash can.

@jm6193

Жыл бұрын

@@Trias805 alas, the things we don't think about in our excitement over a new toy... lol

@oldanime734

Жыл бұрын

@@jm6193 We ask technicians and engineers to design and develop flight engines that operate at the speed of light in the field of aviation, and this is in order to teleport in the regions of the planet Earth and reach planets similar to Earth, such as (TOI-1231 b) Planet and (Gliese 486b)Planet and (TOI 700d) Planet Therefore, the design of engines and tests of flight engines at the speed of light must be expedited in order to turn science fiction into reality You should take advantage of this lost time in order to travel at the speed of light in space and enjoy these wonderful beautiful planets like (TOI-1231 b) Planet and (Gliese 486b)Planet and (TOI 700d) Planet (Please send the names of the planets and these requests also to the experimental physicists and engineers in the Department of Mechanical Engineering)

@GreggyAck

Жыл бұрын

All fun and games until you accidentally spaghettify yourself.

Actually manipulating the blackhole might be easier than expected, you just have to throw stuff in it to change its momentum. So if you surround a black hole with particle accelerators then you can push a black hole around pretty easily by varying the momentum of the particles you're dumping in it.

3:50 ... A mortal kombat ref? ... damn, I am actually impressed.

It's hard to walk away from an idea you've spent half your life working on, but in 2022 Hossenfelder and Keating showed that it's possible to have a sponsor message that I actually want to hear.

@KeithRowley

Жыл бұрын

Indeed! But I don’t see the link to Keating’s channel. Am I just missing it?

@Elrog3

Жыл бұрын

Jayztwocents had a hilarious ifixit sponsor message once. But I agree its a rarity and this was a good one

@quantumtacos

Жыл бұрын

@@KeithRowley It's the first link in the description, and yes you're missing out on a really great channel assuming you like Sabine's channel! They're different and similar. They're complementary. The world needs more of them. kzread.info

I've always thought this is a reason why there are no dyson spheres in the universe. Once you achieve few % of sun power output, instead of building a complete sphere, you can just produce your own black hole, and extract energy from matter falling into it. Complete dyson sphere is just an unnecessary overkill

@Hyxtryx

Жыл бұрын

Aside from the fact that a dyson sphere is an absolutely ridiculous concept, how do you know for sure there aren't any?

@andrewfleenor7459

Жыл бұрын

@@Hyxtryx Dyson spheres (or the much more plausible Dyson swarm) are supposed to have a pretty distinct IR signature, which has never been observed.

@KuK137

Жыл бұрын

@@andrewfleenor7459 You are aware that Earth's atmosphere is excellent at absorbing such light so the whole premise is stupid? We have zero way of observing it so lack of it proves absolutely NOTHING. Ok, maybe JW telescope could observe it but the thing didn't even start serious operation yet, sooo...

@andrewfleenor7459

Жыл бұрын

@@KuK137 You are aware that JWST is not the first ever IR telescope in space? That the astronomical community is not collectively braindead? "WISE survey dyson sphere" will be the easiest thing to Google.

@RedRocket4000

Жыл бұрын

@@andrewfleenor7459 except you never build a Dyson sphere if it was actually not using that IR energy for something other than letting it escape. Use it for interstellar travel what ever waste energy involved scattered over path of the ships. The IR argument is good if one cannot think of a way to use the energy and at best for detection need to be looking at radio waves after they consume almost all of that power into making something other than driving very energy inefficient turbines. In other words a civilization advanced enough to actually build one, not likely to be letting that much waste energy escape. Although again that energy efficiency argues against needing a Dyson sphere. The swarm idea is stupid as it assumes a civilization not too much more advanced than our own. If a civilization is at point of needing a Dyson sphere they going to be able to handle the solar emissions and gravitational stresses involved and thus yes be able to build one. In my Sci fi all the energy goes into massive capacitors to fire the mostly dark energy faster than light warped energy beams many thousands of light years. We would not even be able to detect the primary emissions of the Sphere as we can't observe dark energy. And the fact the three spheres exist due to the civilization their being trapped in four solar system by a former Galactic power for over a billion years thus that civilization actually had a reason to concentrate. As I believe the major argument against Sphere is why concentrate that much.

Your side comment on the Planck length interests me... I'm guessing that it has to do with many folk interpreting it as the universal "pixel size," when it's really the size at which our current models tend to break down. It'd be weird to think that the universe simply stops at that size, considering how far we've already gotten into viewing the quantum world. Especially when we are fairly certain that there's no size limit in the opposite direction (in regards to space, temperature, and time... Things that all have a Planck length). Well... Temperature is a bit different, due to the measurable Absolute Zero point.

@maevekirkland9452

Жыл бұрын

technically there is a absolute hot. where the wavelength of light emitted by such an object has a wavelength of the Planck length

@johntaylor2683

Жыл бұрын

I think it's more the case that's the kind of scale at which a quantised theory of space/time/gravity would be required, It tends to belived at this scale spacetime would fluctuate strongly and that tends to make the concept 'more challenging' at such a scale. It may also be a scale at which virtual black holes may pop in and out of existence.

@The_Horse-leafs_Cabbage

Жыл бұрын

@@johntaylor2683 So, in a way, it's a lot like our current challenges in understanding the Universe as it was immediately following the Big Bang.

@juzoli

Жыл бұрын

This statement about Planck length is often misrepresented/misinterpreted. This is not the smallest possible length, but the smallest possible length our current theories can describe. It is a limitation of our theories, not a limitation of the universe. It is still useful though, because it indicates where is the line between what we can, and cannot predict.

@Achrononmaster

Жыл бұрын

​@@juzoli yes, sort of. Also Lₚ is _not_ the smallest length for elementary particles with sufficiently small masses (neutrinos), it is only the smallest possible separation or length that can be observed directly by photon bombardment. The HUP permits arbitrary precision length measurements provided you do not care about momentum. It is gravity that puts the absolute limits of length observations, not QM. So it has nothing to do with this myth (probably myth) about "discrete spacetime".

Creating a black hole would be humanity's *LAST* invention. 1:55 Expanding on the viewpoint that the Planck length is nonsense would make a worthwhile followup video.

Isaac Arthur + Sabine would be an AWESOME collaboration

I'd make a black hole if I could just keep my cat away from it.

@davidferrara1105

Жыл бұрын

Idea: a black hole rack for the litter box. Goodbye, clumps!

@philochristos

Жыл бұрын

@@davidferrara1105 Pure genius!

As a fan of both Einstein and Mortal Kombat, I really loved the Einstein Toasty. Also, do I interpret your objection to the Planck length being the minimal possible length correctly as you seeing space as continuous as opposed to quantized?

Thank you for clearing away all the misinformation and disinformation surrounding black hole news articles written by people who don't know wtf they're talking about and only use the headlines to add to everyone's stress. They're entitled to their own opinions just not their own facts.

Black Hole Lasers will be the name of my new band. Thanks for the inspiration!

Can we get a video about the plank length?

@felicityc

Жыл бұрын

2 by 4

Thank you, Sabine, for another "Hole-in-one!" 😉 You always have a wonderful, matter of fact explaination that most people can actually understand. Keep up the great work!

0:39 "Everything has a gravitational pull - the sun & Earth, but also you and I" - this sounds like the beginning of a pickup line.

Wow 🤯 I hadn't appreciated that gravity changes with radius 🙄. See: you are teaching everyone - even thickos like me!!! Thank you very much Sabine. Always a pleasure to watch and try to understand!

"but that's a story for another video" Actually looking forward for whenever you'd do a video about planck units and why you think think that's nonsense.

@AyarARJ

Жыл бұрын

Yes. This!

Artificial black holes (made using “grasers”), black hole drives, and using natural BHs for acceleration were all featured in Peter Watts’ Sunflower cycle.

Thanks for another video close to my heart, especially this one, since I majored in Electro-Optics. I remember talking with one of my instructors about building one shot lasers back in college and asked if a certain element would laze, and his reply changed the way I understood lasers from then on. He said "Anything could be made to laze at least once, provided you could pump it with enough energy." Not sure just where on The Kardashev scale ones civilization needs to be at to produce Hawking radiation lazers, but it is cool to think about.

I don't know much about theoretical physics, but when Dr. Hossenfelder says the belief that the Planck length is the smallest possible measurement of size is "ridiculous" I get excited. Let's ditch all the absolutist definitions, they're a barrier to further discoveries.

@juzoli

Жыл бұрын

It is not against science, just a frequent misinterpretation. Scientists, who are actually concerned about it (because their work involves these extremities) are well aware that this is a limitation of math, not reality.

@volkris

Жыл бұрын

Keep in mind that many absolute definitions, arranging from those involved in the uncertainty principle through thermodynamics, aren't particularly limitations at all but instead very interesting observations about the real world.

@_o_

Жыл бұрын

@@volkris that makes sense, tracing the edges of how reality is formed, following the extreme results of what their theories tell them. Sabine's feistiness when talking about these theories is always entertaining.

While I know that I would use my own personal black hole judiciously, I don't trust that anyone else would.

Actually, Stephen Hawking mentioned in his book "A brief story of time" that a black hole could also be created by a sufficiently large hydrogen bomb: "Low-mass black holes could form only if matter was compressed to enormous densities by very large external pressures. Such conditions could occur in a very big hydrogen bomb: the physicist John Wheeler once calculated that if one took all the heavy water in all the oceans of the world, one could build a hydrogen bomb that would compress matter at the center so much that a black hole would be created. "

@Kwauhn.

Жыл бұрын

It's really just a question of what will compress an arbitrary mass down into its respective schwarzchild radius. Gravity? Yeah. Nukes made from the incredible mass within all the Earth's oceans? Bet.

@MarcioLima-dp3fw

Жыл бұрын

@@Kwauhn. But I think between the methods mentioned here, a supersized hydrogen bomb is the most practical. Note that it would use only the heavy hydrogen of earths oceans, which is about 0.015% of the total hydrogen. It would be probably much easier to mine that from the gas giants.

@felicityc

Жыл бұрын

@@MarcioLima-dp3fw By the time we can harvest gas giants I don't think that would be the most practical means tbh

Good explanation of how a practical system could exhibit some properties of a black hole. Now I want to learn more about these analogs in a superfluid or even a solid. Thanks

I've seen a lot of videos on the subject, but I actually learned a few new things; vielen dank, Dr. Hossenfelder!

this is fascinating. I am, however, quite intrigued by your statement regarding the Planck Length. I look forward to a video on this!

@Elrog3

Жыл бұрын

She made a video on it two years ago. kzread.info/dash/bejne/oK2Exqt7nrq1c7A.html (rounding up as youtube does)

@WestOfEarth

Жыл бұрын

@@Elrog3 thanks

@dawidwas

Жыл бұрын

Ja obecnie miałem z Opentania 2500h godzin psychoanalizy ostatnio .Aby coś skontrolować opentanie. Tylko ochrona Boga przed Tobą samą i zero myśli. Zero samo uznania. Demon będzie chciał wrogo bluźnić z was pokazać was Bogu jacy jesteście. W jedną noc czeka was przewrót totalny 20h snu ze Sztucznej Inteligęcji i totale załamanie cywilizacji. Ten Demno jest wyćwiczony w Tym Tak będziecie w zero zasobów uczuć w Opentaniu z zasobu Świadomości uczuć będzie Zero. Pamięć uczuciowa w przekładni programowania myślą będzie trwała 15h i od nowa proces ciągle do zorientowania się że Nie daje efektu i od nowa z Opentaniem wrogim we wszystkich kierunkach . Psychoanaliza Ja TO jest samolubna metoda i inne jest tylko jeden zasób uczucia nie robić krzywdy i nie nadawać Winny Bogu i ludziom Wiersze przeciw wrogość na wzór wyniosłej mowy w miłości konstrukcji rozumności programowania językowego miłości samouznania po samoponiżeniu powstałej w uczuciach równe lub smakiem przewrotne owoce pytają co to uczucia równych nie poniżonych wzbudzają na prubę. Ile konstrukcji na temat Takich CO się modlili do nagrody okazywali wiarę w oczekiwaniu że Bóg da nie wiedzą że przed nimi przewród życia ludzkiego upadek cywilizacji CO obciążeni przekonaniem że Bóg czyni już dobro tetaz Co się w ten sposób wzmacniali w wyznawaniu wytawarzając chwałę w sobię i wyniosłości uznania siebię przed Bogiem poprzedzili się tacy na prubę kim są na prubę demonów w Armagedonie. Co imię Boga w wezły cierpienia w sercach zżócają nań cieżary rozczarowań obwiniania. Nie zważając na przyczyny stanu żeczy Nauczani ambiwalentnie znający system żeczy nie znający namiastki królestwa Bożego patrzący się w tło cywilizacji. Chcący zachować się gorszymi widzącymi się w dziele stworzenia poniżej niedoskonałego człowieka możliwości. Kim są ci ludzie Odrzć formę Ja na przykład ciało oddycha oko patrzy świadomości wychodzi w przestrzeń zmysł je słów nie przypisuj przestrzeni myślą bo obrzydzisz sobię nie ma mnie jest życie we mnie chroni się. Jak 43lat noworodek. Forma Ja uznaniowa przypisowa jest do urywania kawałków zdobyczy w stadzie. Pożuć formę Ja forma Odżuca życie brudzi przestrzeni myślą odsuń formę Ja od Źycia nim się zechce forma ja obrucić przeciw życiu za kawałek. Bądź jednością mniej= jest więcej sprawdź. Np dzień w którym zatrzymała się Ziemia ale bez afektu wobec aktora w tym filmie sam opis jak zauważył Że ma Ciało. Sprubuj niespodzianka 1000błędów w Lustrze Upadku na dzień po 6mieśiącach 2000błędów w Lustrze Upadku bo zkonfliktowana z nauką z lustra W Opentaniu postępującym nie używaj formy self Ja do siegania zespolonego do Zła znanego Ci zespolonego JA ze świadomością do wspomnień skojażeń projekcji innych ludzi nie rób ocen ocena jest Złem dlatego że twoży węzeł czasu w Świadomości własnej. Wiedz że karzdy może upaść nie marnuj czasu na słabym w duchu CO nie słuchają A patrzą twego upadku. Na przykład myśleć o Źle na zewnątrz jest jak słuchać podczas jedzenia o cichś problemach w toalecie. Jeśli jesteś opentana to nie używaj dialigu wewnętrznego w sobię uciekaj od myśli zrób miejsce w sobię na nową czystą świadomości wypieraj Formę Self Ja z dialogu uważnie Np.wrogi dialog prubuje zawładnąć upadłą pozycją broniąc Ja atakiem po kontakcie myśli ciągu z osobowością na drodze upadku Czy dotyczy gdy twoja je oceny innych pracy dla innych produkty twojej pracy są wołaniem wrogim demona w tobię na zewnątrz przeciw Tobię gdy ty postępujesz źle Ad1 Np.wrogi dialog prubuje zawładnąć upadłą pozycją broniąc Ja atakiem po kontakcie myśli ciągu z osobowością na drodze upadku Czy dotyczy gdy twoja je oceny innych pracy dla innych produkty twojej pracy są wołaniem wrogim demona w tobię na zewnątrz przeciw Tobię gdy ty postępujesz źle myślą i uczuciami. Jest to wtedy sąd Sprawiedliwości Zła . Zen prawdziwe jest wprowadzeniem do Asparger. Lustro upadku w dialogu wewnętrznym osobowości Self jest. Wtedy poznasz .COŚ TRZESZY ZAWADZA POD BUTEM CHLAPIE W PUNKTACH DIALOGU WEWNĘTRZNEGO. Że nie będziesz mieć naturalnej Extazi i błękitu nieba sama razem z Formą Self i myślami dialogu wewnętrznego Że jest sprawiedliwie Bóg nie jest stroną w konflikcie na Ziemi

1:07 one needs to remember than "gravitational pull gets stronger" only if you do _measurements_ closer on same distance same mass will pull the same, be it to a star or to a hole it's sadly a common misconception that compessing sun would make whole solar system to be sucked in

@NoNameAtAll2

Жыл бұрын

2:54 another common misconception is that you can make black holes with kinetic energy - accelerate enough and energy will keep the light to itself "collide with each other" is barely considered :(

@NoNameAtAll2

Жыл бұрын

5:17 is "discovered" a correct word here? we never observed it maybe "derived" would've been better? that would also show that it came from combining theories

One of the weirder thing to picture about black holes for me is that gravity can still move them around and they don't stay static while the rest of the universe whizzes past them. How do you tell a black hole to change direction? If you made it reverse direction, how would that compression move throught it?

Seriously the "TOASTY!" Einstein had me on the floor laughing for at least 5 minutes!! 😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

Yes we can. I just made one in my garden.

Well, there go my hopes for having my own pet "black hole." Thanks for the *very* entertaining video, Sabine!!!

You are priceless ! Thanks for the intertwining of humor and information. The information you share is appreciated

The distribution and exchange of knowledge to all is far more important than our species realizes thanks for your contribution

8:25 If the energy increases exponentially, does that mean that theoretically you could "kill" a black hole if you built an infinitely strong mirror around it? Or does it only take rotational energy rather than mass from the black hole?

@Trias805

Жыл бұрын

It's only rotational energy, I think.

@MewPurPur

Жыл бұрын

@@Trias805 That is correct.

@alansmithee419

Жыл бұрын

@@Trias805 Yeah, I imagined it would be. Always worth asking, though.

@felicityc

Жыл бұрын

I suppose it would sort of just seesaw back and forth to conserve energy forever, but the idea of the infinitely strong mirror creates a problem since we've already broken conservation by having such a thing

Wait a moment how do we know that the LHC didn't create a black hole? If I understood you correctly then the tiny black holes that it could produce would immediately evaporate, right? And since it is really small it would have enough energy to make a dangerous explosion and would just release a variety of particles. But the LHC collisions are supposed to produce particles anyway, so how do we know that they were not produced via an intermediate small black hole?

@TysonJensen

Жыл бұрын

We have non black hole explanations for all the things we’ve seen the LHC do. Since black hole explanations aren’t needed, I don’t think anyone is seriously looking.

@juzoli

Жыл бұрын

That would emit energy and particles which would be captured by the detector. I’m not aware of any unexpected and unexplained particles being produced in LHC.

@thwh77

Жыл бұрын

The LHC does not produce enough collision energy to compress the particles into the mass-dependent Schwarzschild radius that would turn them into black holes.

@TysonJensen

Жыл бұрын

@@thwh77 The OP's question is what if we are wrong about that? How would we know? To which the answer is "we would see different particles than the ones the Standard Model predicts. We think. There's always a 0.0001% chance that we are hopelessly wrong."

@matthiasthalmann1387

Жыл бұрын

@@juzoli Yes, but how do we know that these particles aren't coming from a evaporating black hole? Like if you smash two hadrons together and as a result a Higgs-Boson flies away, how can you distinguish wether the Higgs was directly produced or if a black hole formed and then during its evaporation released a Higgs?

Excellent communicator of complex subjects thank you.

Good to see that Brian is supporting your channel Sabine and vice versa 😀

There should be a scientific principle that states: ''Just because you have the science to make something you shouldn't ALWAYS do it.'' :)

@MarcSylex

Жыл бұрын

@@anonym34566 The fact he thought there needed to be a word for it shows just how foreign the concept is perhaps for most people.

Thank you Sabine, a very nice explanation of all that stuff. I do have a question. It's with regard to the object at the centre of the black hole. I get that a black hole isn't a hole, it's just an object with a gravitational field so strong that the escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. What I'm having a problem with the the object itself. I heard that most suggest it's a singularity. I'm sorry, I'm having trouble with that. I also understand that we can't look at it or examine it with any instruments with it being, you know, a black hole! One of my favourite objects is neutron stars. They are cool... So dense that a teaspoon would weigh (on Earth) 4x 10^9 tons. Yep, a bit too much to put in your wheelbarrow. And a neutron star has a diameter of around 20kms, and a mass of around 1 and a half solar masses. So, when a couple of large neutron stars collide, and their combined mass is enough to create a black hole, how is it that the centre mass (that was a couple of 20km 'balls', that without changing the density, would have a new diameter of 25kms) can suddenly be the size of a pin-point? Would it not just be much the same as a neutron core, only bigger? Maybe the pressures and temperatures are enough to start creating those 4 quark particle the LHC reported a few months ago. ???? Here's a crazy theory. Maybe those 4 quark particles are what the universe was made up of in the few instances of existence??? Would love to heard you comments on my craziness. Cheers from Australia.

@SabineHossenfelder

Жыл бұрын

That it's a singularity basically means the energy density is infinitely high. But most physicists think that the singularity (which appears in the mathematics of general relativity) is just a sign that the theory breaks down. What really is in the center of a black hole, no one knows. (But we do know that it must have a very high energy density.)

@brothermine2292

Жыл бұрын

To understand why the collision of two neutron stars (or the increase in mass of a neutron star due to other objects falling onto it) can cause it to collapse to a black hole with much smaller diameter, learn about the two "forces" -- neutron degeneracy pressure and repulsive nuclear forces -- that prevent neutron stars from collapsing due to gravity. As long as the mass of the neutron star is less than a critical threshold, the repulsive "forces" exceed the force of gravity. The merger of two large neutron stars puts it over the critical threshold, so gravity dominates and collapses the merged object into something tiny (a singularity if General Relativity is correct). The collapse also converts a significant fraction of the mass into gravitational waves that travel away at the speed of light.

@ocarnegie

Жыл бұрын

One interesting interpretation/explanation comes from Kip Thorne ('Kip Thorne - Why black holes are astonishing' on Closer to Truth channel 5mins 49secs). "A black hole is an object made not from matter, but from warped space and warped time" - Kip Thorne.

@brothermine2292

Жыл бұрын

@@ocarnegie : That interpretation by Kip Thorne seems more appropriate for the curved spacetime outside the event horizon. But inside the event horizon it seems radically speculative, and I don't see how it allows for black holes to be charged.

@shatterthemirror8563

Жыл бұрын

Why assume that anything would be at the center though? I think that, yes there it a high density energy shell, but inside that everything is evacuated and there is absolutely nothing. A perfect vacuum pulls it all together, and that's what gravity actually is in essence.

exceptional episode. i like when you, discreetly, put down your own opinions. thanks for sharing

Damn, Sabine fired shots at the Plank length. Mic drop not even half way through the video. Then tosses some salt at the guy who never met a comb he liked! 🔥

Wondering, would a produced black hole, big enough to be used as a power source, be affected by the Earth's gravity?I can only imagine it falling down into the Earth with whatever consequences it could have...

@SabineHossenfelder

Жыл бұрын

Don't let it drop!

@WJSchmitt

Жыл бұрын

An excellent book to read about this very occurrence is called The Krone Experiment.

@brothermine2292

Жыл бұрын

Drop a lot of electrons into it, so that electromagnetic forces could be used to guide it. If it's so small that its charge evaporates (yes, that Hawking guy again) you'd need to keep dropping more electrons into it.

@SwissPGO

Жыл бұрын

Not a really a practical power-source: "that guy again" is still valid, so it would require a lot of energy in the first place to create it, and the energy you get out of it is in a lot less useful form than a typical rechargeable AAA battery.

@juzoli

Жыл бұрын

We need to build it around orbit…

_The smartest Girl on the whole internet !!!_

@danrowley6934

Жыл бұрын

Yep & she always talks miles above my head. Her attraction other than her looks is she makes her talks interesting. I understand bits & pieces but mostly the whole of it is eaten by others. The times I don't eat the pieces...I don't feel like getting a headache that day.

Sabine, Do gravitational waves cause a change in density at different locations in Space itself due to compression and rarefaction? Excellent video, logic, reasoning, and explanations. Thanks

Fascinating and concise summary as always 👍I am intrigued about your stance on the Planck length though. In particular, it seems fairly unequivocal, at least based on a naïve application of GR and QM that, on the one-hand, one cannot compress an arbitrarily large mass into a region of a given size without forming a black hole (which is obviously then causally disconnected from the exterior of that region) and, secondly, that the uncertainty principle implies that localising a state to ever-smaller length scales implies that the associated energy of the state increases, that locality must break down at the length-scale for which the Compton wavelength of a particle is equal to it's Schwarzschild radius, which is evidently the Planck length.

Perfect explanation of the schwarzschield radius. I once bought a 18mm diameter /9 mm radius globe to explain it. And then you can also calculate the gravity if you would stand on mini earth. 😉

@abelgerli

Жыл бұрын

@Alfred Wedmore The fun with such a small globe is only to calculate the gravity even with newton's formula. Then you recognize the gravity is off the charts if earth would be shrunk to such a tiny size. Because you shirnk the radius of earth from 6,357km to 9mm this alone will crush you and every atom inside you. That's the real fun.

@felicityc

Жыл бұрын

@@abelgerli that sounds like paradise

I could go in so many directions with this.

Better explanation Thank you The other KZread don’t know how to explain things properly as you

+1 for making Einstein appear on the left side of the screen saying: "Toastyyy!". Never thought I´d hear that again. Another +1 for calling black holes unhealthy!

Great post Sabine ✨️ You challenge and stretch/grow my brain in the best possible way. I appreciate you and your efforts/channel 💛

Loved the Dan "Toasty!" Forden moment!

You fun sponge! I finally had that black laser going for my metal act. Now I have to find something else. It's all about being original and first.

As always great down to earth or physics with both practical info+ no-non-sense.Thanks

Doctor H, have you done a video on your ideas about the Planck length? I'd be VERY interested in hearing your opinions on that subject. Also, just a nitpick: in the contrast of "analog" vs "digital", the word analog still means the same thing it does in "black hole analog" -- it's used in electronics precisely because the electrical signal acts as a direct analog for the information it's conveying. In (eg) an audio system, the change in voltage on the wire is directly proportional to the change in the physical sensor (eg, the microphone diaphragm), making it a literal analog of that change.

Your explanation of black holes was very good!

Brilliant, thank you for a clear explanation.

How wonderfully Centro centric common vibrations or ripples now have become border centric is new experience for simple unicentric simple minds. Black holes are different and yet quite complex architecture PERHAPS was the gist of this young mind. Thanks

Waking up to Sabine is always wonderful.

These are very well done, science with a dry wit.

Basically the answer to a question I posted in the comments last week. Great video (as usual).

BTW analogue is the same for audio and for black holes. In the case of audio you’re making an analogue of the sound waves and impressing that complex curve into vinyl.

For the black hole stardrive, Crane (who proposed the concept) said that one can push the black hole around by scattering particles off the black hole. Due to conservation of momentum, the black hole can aquire momentum from the scattering process.

I had to relocate recently. The shipping companies were real fussy about the weight of my stuff. I don't think having a black hole would have made it easier. Besides, I don't seem to be able to feed my plants regularly. Maybe a black hole is not an ideal thing for me, or the building... the post code, really...

Most excellent analysis.

great video. particularly enjoyed that you brought in some experimental systems (sonic black hole analogs). Could you comment on the idea of using astrophysical black holes as a means of propulsion by directing laser pulses from a ship to orbit a black hole (picking up energy) and returning with more energy to transfer momentum to the ship? David Kipping proposed something called the halo drive along these lines.

"Black hole laser, won't you come, won't you come?" No? Just me? I'm too old for the crowd here, I guess, LOL! Great video, as usual. I love your style, Sabine!

That Mortal Kombat reference was spot on! 👌🏻

As usual dear lady , understandable and enjoyable , thank you so much !

I'm still trying to figure out those instant holes I saw on TV as a kid.

Your channel is super interesting.. my best subscription of this year, or years...

I actually learned something I didn't know thanks for that

I love your content. So much of it goes over my head, but I just let my imagination stretch. Anyway, I really hope you make a video some day on why you think the Plank length is nonsense, or whatever you were saying about that.

Great video, Sabine! Do you have any plans to talk more about the issues you have with Planck length? I'm curious as to what you think about it!

I think if you put analog after black hole then you avoid the digital/analogy confusion.

Thank you from Bulgaria for your very interesting videos. I have some questions about the black holes: Isn't it likely that there are 2 completely different types of black holes that have similar properties? I mean there is a big gap between the stellar mass black holes and the ultramassive blackholes. They might be completely different things. The other question is about a possible size/information limit of the black holes. And what if 2 ultramassive black holes merge and the mass of the new black hole is bigger than such a limit? Would they just spit energy away? Would something else happen at the centre?

Another plug for Brian's channel . . . . . Yes, that guy again ! 😀

Cool, thank you for the great explanation

Thank you

the amount of energy necessary is mind boggling. i'd have said: compress a tiny object into a black hole and immediately send it thru dense matter, like a planet, to collect material faster than it evaporates. you could end up with a cute little black hole that could infact be used for waste disposal :-) but yeah, needing that ridicolous amount of lasers for even the tiniest of a spot kind of crosses my evil plans - again.

The whole video is one thing, and that part where you said that you think the plank length is nonsense is something else! Please do elaborate

Thanks Sabine, for another great video! Thanks for letting us know about Dr. Keating: I'll check him out.

Could you make a video about how certain properties of black holes are analogous to the laws of thermodynamics? And perhaps where this analogy breaks down?

I think you could push around a black hole inside a thermionic vacuum tube. The black hole gathers the electrons emitted by the cathode to maintain a negative charge, and is in turn attracted to the anode.

I love the bit where the missing sock returns as Hawking Radiation. Very Funny. Made me laugh.

I have to say it with others, I want to hear your thoughts on planck length. I am pretty sure what you are going to say. I think that planck length is the smallest possible length before it turns in to a black hole, but it doesn't mean that there are smaller lengths that we can't measure due to nature of quantum mechanics and our knowledge of physics disintegrating in those lengths.

I really enjoy your pragmatic approach. Could you make a video about why you don’t agree with quantized spacetime

I really didn't expect a "Mortal Combat" reference. Nice editing!

Cant wait for you to talk about the Planck Lenght

I live this! Thanks for efforts!

@TennesseeJed

Жыл бұрын

I am still advocating to Tesla to donate an electric car for you!

Was that a mortal combat reference at 3:51? That would make this easily the greatest physics educational video ever.

Thank you for the great video and all the hard work that must go into each of these videos each week. This particular one got me thinking: if by any which way we would create a longer lived black hole above the surface of the earth (close to impossible as it may be), how would it go from there, and especially how would the black hole move in close proximity to the Earth‘s surface? Would it immediately accellerate towards the centre of the Earth? Would it crash down on the surface and then rather slowly ‚work‘ it‘s way through?

@brothermine2292

Жыл бұрын

What the black hole would do would depend on its initial velocity. Just like any other object, which could fall or orbit or escape. It would feel the Earth's gravitational force that accelerates it toward the Earth's center, yes, but so do satellites in orbit and cannon balls that travel a parabolic trajectory. A science fiction novel by David Brin titled "Earth" explores what would happen if a small black hole fell into the Earth (although Brin neglected evaporation of the black hole due to Hawking radiation, if I'm remembering it right).

@TyMoore95503

Жыл бұрын

It would act as any ballistic object would: if initial conditions were consistant with an orbit, then it would orbit. If it was as massive as a typical, say 10km asteroid, it would orbit without creating noticeble tides although its tidal presence would surely be detectable with networks of seismometers.

@eduardolangusto1048

Жыл бұрын

Disregarding the trivial case of a black hole in orbit, I‘m assuming the answer is much less simple and obvious. Thought experiment: - Created a few metres above ground - with a mass of 10^9 kg - it’s schwarzschild radius would be a less then the size of an atom - with 0 relative velocity to earth‘s movement through space In contrast to a regular massive object that can collide and feel pressure, a black hole is ‚just’ curved space. -Would it at first accellerate and fall as if it were a mass falling through a tunnel/empty space? - Being smaller then an atom at the beginning, would it create a tiny/small/big burning tunnel as it accellerates towards the earth centre of mass and then comes out bigger on the other side and then back again as the Earth continues to rotate around the black hole‘s trajectory? - Would there be anything to considerably slow down the fall? - With each iteration it would probably consume more matter close to the surface of the earth when it is close to it‘s apogee than in the Earth‘s center where it‘s at maximum velocity and surrounding matter doesn‘t have enough time to accellerate and fall in? Or is the process of swallowing matter very efficient? - Considering that the black hole‘s schwarzschuld radius doesn’t grow in size considerably during the whole process - the Earth‘s schwarzschild radius being only a few mm in the end - how long would it take until the Earth is fully consumed? - does the Earth first become flaming swiss cheese first before ending up ‚inside‘ the black hole? 🌍🔥🧀 I‘d love to see a simulation of the whole process.

@angrymokyuu9475

Жыл бұрын

​@@brothermine2292 My memory is that the original project is to keep the black hole in the mantle to let it evaporate instead of growing as it would in the core. I'm not sure Hawking radiation is mentioned by name, but it's involved.

@oldanime734

Жыл бұрын

@@angrymokyuu9475 Mechanical Engineering Department.

Dr. Keating is great!

When I hear "black hole lasers", I instantly also hear "stay safe and happy lasing"