Students in my biotechnology class would have “micro wars” where they would plate multiple bacteria/fungi on one plate and see which ones took over lol

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

Pseudomonas aeruginosa would win every time 😂

@hillgrove11

2 ай бұрын

😂​@@Kadler42

@mythplatypuspwned

2 ай бұрын

PLEASE UPLOAD VIDEOS ON THIS! Messing around and doing Germ Wars on petri dishes sounds so interesting, I've already thought about it a while ago but I've never really seen any videos on it yet.

@adamgreenspan4988

2 ай бұрын

Hopefully they didn’t accidentally create (and release) any super-plagues.

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

@@mythplatypuspwnedsadly my lab doesn't really have the camera equipment for this, it takes days to weeks even!

As a microbiologist myself, I can't watch people talking over an open Petri dish!

@andym4695

Ай бұрын

😆

Excellent, so often the Penicillin story ends with Fleming. Antimicrobial resistance is so scary, and still antibiotics are being handed out like sweeties. The phage approach looks encouraging and, if they are bacteria specific, will not harm "good" bacteria like broad-spectrum medications 🤞

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

They're almost too specific. For the Artificial Bladder experiment in the video, I had to go through nearly 50 phages against only E. coli just to find a few that worked on more than one or two people's specific infections 😒 But that's why we have a huge collection in the lab, so we can pick whichever ones fit our work best!

Having gone to high school in Peoria, IL and gone to a lot of science-related events, I heard the "moldy canteloupe in a market in Peoria" story many times. Nice to finally hear it better explained, with context!

@luisostasuc8135

2 ай бұрын

I thought that *that* was cooler than the story Fleming told

I have said this before but this is my favourite show on PBS Terra. Maren grabs your attention and keeps you locked in. Fantastic show, more of this, please!

You missed a “Mold Juice” counter increment around 7:14.

@skyllalafey

Ай бұрын

Scrolled down to see if someone mentioned that! Heck, if they made this inconsequential mistake to drive the inevitable engagement caused by even a little 'oopsie', hats off to their slyness 😊

Classes JUST started our microbio chapter, this video is excellent and we will be watching and discussing!

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

What do you teach? I'm the PhD student from the video, would be happy to answer questions if it would help?

Wow! I had the mistaken impression that Fleming was responsible for the whole process; discovery, identification, purification, etc. Great vid.

Your rainbow glasses and microbe/virus earrings are giving SUCH Miss Frizzle vibes and I am so here for it!

It's NOT just a phage, mom! 😫

Sooo...apologies to Alexander Fleming, but a medical papyrus called the Ebers Papyrus shows that the Egyptians were using fungi as antibiotics 3 millennia ago. It describes "yeast of sweet beer" being used to prevent festering of wounds. It also describes packing a wound with moldy bread. The ancient Egyptians also collected a grain mold which produced a type of Tetracycline. Most Egyptian mummy bones contain a trace amount of tetracycline.

I haven't been this early since Dr. Fleming was just an Intern

@flufffycow

2 ай бұрын

Can we get a phage for underarm's? It would be cheaper than deodorant every day.

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

@@flufffycow Yes!! someone at our lab is working on it! (PS. I'm the PhD student from the episode)

@dasstigma

2 ай бұрын

That is a lie. You finished extremely early yesterday.

@bimajuantara

2 ай бұрын

@@Kadler42 That's hype!

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

​@@bimajuantarait's mostly caused by a "friendly" skin bacterium called Staphylococcus epidermidis, which only makes smells in more damp/dark areas like armpits, even though it lives all over our skin!

The natural world is far more diverse than anyone can imagine, if we treat here with respect, she can help us solve so many problems.

@notconnected3815

2 ай бұрын

The comment section is also very diverse :-) I always try to imagine what different characters are behind the comments, what their motivation is, and how many different world views there are.

I'd like to take a moment to appreciate the fact "antibiotic" caught on instead of "mold juice" (though I doubt my own nerd interest will ever be as useful)

@jesipohl6717

2 ай бұрын

somewhere in the universe they are saying mold juice.

Excellent video.Very well scripted and presented. Interesting subject covered in an enlightened manner. Must see video!

I absolutely love any content where you go into a lab/the field and chat with scientists about their lifes work

Yo those glasses are cool as do didddly heck

@DeltaNovum

2 ай бұрын

I'm not a style or clothing kinda person, but I gotta say her whole getup looks cool and beautiful, especially the glasses. I didn't hear the first bit because it distracted me 😅. Edit: omg I truly am a hairy monkey man. I only just noticed that her nice looking earrings are actually a bacterium and a virus. And just when I'm typing this edit, she shows and tells haha.

@HappyKittens

2 ай бұрын

I found them at a glasses store online and had to get them. Super wild to see them in a video.

I love Maren! It's good to see you still making videos.

You accidentally swapped the names of Howard Florey and Ernst Chain with their respective images around minute 7:00

@schmoyoho8997

2 ай бұрын

I should add though that I loved the video!!!💚

This was incredibly fascinating to learn.Thank you so much for this video!

Such a great episode! Fascinating!

Bacteriaphage therapies were well developed in the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War. Cuba has kept this research up, and is now the world leader in using phages to assist in stopping anti-microbial resistant strains in clinical situations.

What's interesting is that phage therapy is quite common in Russia and there is no hype about it. The rest of the world abandoned the idea a hundred years ago because of cheap antibiotics and now is reinventing it.

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

Also Cold War politics, sadly

@TheDanEdwards

2 ай бұрын

"rest of the world abandoned the idea a hundred years ago because of cheap antibiotics " - let's see... a hundred years ago would have been 1924. Tell me, of what cheap antibiotics are you going on about?

Thank you, very informative documentary.

Such a good episode! So insightful

I love your glasses! I want a pair ❤

So glad to see this work going in! So many of our lil' ol' ladies need some better options :))

My father always described humans as big fancy vehicles for bacteria . 🛻🦠

Loved this, very interesting and informative

Yo! Peoria IL represent! That's where I am from! I love that they ate the canteloupe after they scraped the mold off it lmao

Another excellent episode. This corrected a misunderstanding I had prior that Fleming also isolated penicillin himself. It's great to see active research on phage therapy (outside of Russia) as well. I remember hearing that antimicrobial resistance tends to be inversely related to phage resistance. If that's accurate then they really do seem like the best tool to address the mess we've gotten ourselves into.

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

I'm the PhD student from the video - this is absolutely true! Other parts of my work involve finding which combinations are the best overall because the bacteria can't change resistances quick enough, some combinations are good enough to lower a bacteria from being classified as resistant to a particular Antibiotic X to being sensitive! Also, the idea for both phage therapy in general and our work in particular is to use a multi-directional approach, not only phage and antibiotic together, but also several phages together, where the bacteria will have to scramble and try to develop resistance to each part individually, and inevitably fail. (evil laugh?)

When hearing the word Phage I instantly think of the Vidiians. IYKYK.

OMG. This is so cool and eye opening!

So interesting!! I love these programs. 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼

I came for the fungus and stayed for the positive wlw vibes

Really good report. Well explained.

So interesting great episode

Amazing video, great tone/excitement from host & guests! In the past, I've heard bacteria trade resistance for antibiotics for phage resistance; is this no longer held to be true?

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

I'm the PhD student from the video - they indeed do! Other parts of my work involve finding which combinations are the best overall because the bacteria can't change resistances quick enough, some combinations are good enough to lower a bacteria from being classified as resistant to a particular Antibiotic X to being sensitive! Also, the idea for both phage therapy in general and our work in particular is to use a multi-directional approach, not only phage and antibiotic together, but also several phages together, where the bacteria will have to scramble and try to develop resistance to each part individually, and inevitably fail. (evil laugh?)

@ryanwaege7251

2 ай бұрын

👹 I'll cackle along with you, because that's good to hear! Thank you for your valuable contributions to the field.

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

@@ryanwaege7251I'm glad you liked the video! It's very exciting to see my work on PBS which I grew up watching, and even before we managed to publish it as a scientific article!

Thank you

This is so awesome!

Great video

love this! such a fun video too!

My old hospital I used to work at dealt with the first Covid case in the USA!😂 in Chicago!

i would love to have creepy little nano machine phages that we could program with a sample of something ailing us and then send it in to wipe it out. That’s sort of what this is like already tho lol. Phages are so cool!!! Biological stuff sure is incredible, and disgusting! Also Maren has great glasses, and is very good at being a presenter.

yay a way to treat resistant strain bacteria.

SCIENCE!!!!!

Phage earrings!❤

this is amazing, thank you. Great video.

The evil Dr. Flaming has made the world harder for peniclium mold. That is very cruel.

16:44 "So, what are we using?" "Karen."

I wanna know about the first person who realized they're allergic to penicillin. Imagine you get an infection and know about the miracle of the newly discovered antibiotic, but then you go for treatment and have an allergic reaction.

Weren’t other people around in the building Fleming was working in working on fungi? So the spores got onto a plate that wasn’t properly cleaned? 🤔

I'm so grateful that we're in an age where we favour science, instead of faith! Since antibiotics have already saved my life a couple of times! So it would be terrifying to go back to the dark ages, of being at the mercy of infection's!

11:49 so the bacterio in bacteriophage is redundant because all phages are bacteriophages?

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

If you talked to the people who study archaeoviruses (viruses which infect the Archaea, which look exactly like phages) and called them phages they'd be BIG MAD. It just means bacteria-eater in Greek:)

Go science!

more mushrooms. we forage like 30 wild mushrooms in germany throughout the year and basically never get sick anymore, many winter mushrooms have extreme antibacterial properties.

We are bacterial condominiums

Well learned more about Fleming but knew everything else all I knew was discovered it and made it happen now I know who was involved and how it got picked up by others along the way 😊

So you’re telling me antibiotics and nuclear weapons were developed at the same time?

@notconnected3815

2 ай бұрын

And for the same reason: war

I am wondering what happen to the phages when the bacteria have been wiped out, do they die? Or hibernate? or else?

What's the genome of the bacteriophage size wise? Maybe 50K base pairs? Not a very complex little organic bot are they? Maybe simplicity is the best route since all it takes is some minute changes to the attachment structure or another critical link between the phage and the bacterium. Sort of like changing your password just one or two keystroke items each time. Just enough for the new strand to be ineffective in producing the linkage structure.

Don’t they look like little Aliens??!❤👽

"Mod Juice" counter missed an instance at 7:12

*Antimicrobial resistance and diet?* I know it's a thing, but don't understand it. Please look into it PBS Terra ❤

You should try wastewater plants.

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

I'm the PhD student from the video - we go there to our local one at least once a year to stock up! Sewage water is just what we call it, but it contains waste water from everything from restaurants to street flood drains to farm runoff to showers, so a good place to find phages against pretty much anything!

4:53 I thought this was a sponsor break

do phages infect archea or cyanobacteria, if so, do lichens have a defense boosting mechanism?

How fungi accidentally saved the world; until humans ruined it all because we wanted to make livestock HUGE" is the whole intro but it was too long

@Joe-Przybranowski

2 ай бұрын

The aurochs, ancestors of our current cattle, were much larger. We bred them smaller to make them easier to control and smaller. Bigger cattle wouldn't fit in the slaughter infrastructure.

E. coli that's just an enteric organism. Probably quite necessary for water absorption in the large intestine or? Like they said, it's great where it belongs, but when it get's out of it's normal environment, it causes problems.

'Mold juice' counter is wrong! (You missed one at 7:12)

In the Soviet Union, they did decades of research, and routinely used phages in clinical practice.

Yay phage!

Leave it to p b s to be at the for front when we save the world

Fungus eat the sour cream

What if phages adapt to kill all bacteria?

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

Oh man, if only. Would make my job so much easier!!! People are trying to engineer universal phages but it's sort of like trying to engineer a universal key that opens all locks without knowing exactly what the locks are and their design. Not too successful yet sadly

@lpc9929

2 ай бұрын

Universe is the the bacteria

They look like some Aliens!!

This is a great reportage... but putting such a great background check on penicillin and Flemming but on the phage not mentioning the biggest phage repository in the world, the George Eliava Institute, in Tbilisi, Georgia, it's a big fail specially by how much they are advanced already ... The cold war is already over and we need to collaborate instead of compete...

💚

I want her earrings

I'll be fine - it's just a phage I'm going through. tavi.

Where are your gloves?! The first minute is giving me the ick lol

I make my own antibiotics for a rat I have, which has chronic infection from a rat trap catching the lil guys arm - he was so sweet I saved him. But the pharmaceutical antibiotics like amoxicillin, and topical vancomycin, no longer work. But a combo of elemental copper and silver, and garlic soaked in ethanol/water, will turn blue green with black stuff at the bottom, and on the silver - then I evaporate it till it's thick. I end with 1/10th the volume I started with. But using this foul smelling stuff, I swear it saved Mr mushfoot, my rat. Soaking his arm in it was hard for everyone, and the pus from his arm turns a vivid blue, like the garlic - it's quite gross. But after this treatment, the amoxicillin began to work again. It's an old recipe, that was used in the middle ages for styes. The phages will save us way before garlic tho

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

University of Nottingham is investigating Bald's eye salve which is very much real and working, and they're trying to find out what exactly in there is the active working chemicals. a very cool project.

Wait does that mean the penicillin vaccine was radioactive? ☢️😂

I don't know if it's how big my monitor is and how close I'm sitting from it, but for most of this video you were uncomfortably close to the camera.

Can it save the emperor penguins?

Show me the fungus that stops our sun. Garbage foundation science in, garbage science out.

"Contemporaneous"? Was contemporary meant?

Universe is bacteria. The

Great video, but I had to stop watching because the shaky camera was giving me a headache.

disappointed you failed to mention Russia has been using phage therapy for sometime now. This is a science channel not a political one, You could have disclose that information. This made me sad. I love PBS.

Sorry, I'm sure you're doing a valuable job, but I find this unwatchable, and, more importantly, unlistenable-to. The reason? So much 'vocal fry' I feel positively unwell after 2 minutes! Oh for an unaffected, naturally resonant human voice...

@WulfgarOpenthroat

2 ай бұрын

Vocal fry is natural. Different people speak differently. Different languages too. It's funny, it used to be considered classy in male speech. kzread.info/dash/bejne/g2StrpSAld3Ulbg.html

@HeyHiLaterBye

2 ай бұрын

It would have been much kinder to keep this to yourself :)

@IanGrams

2 ай бұрын

Oddly enough, reading your comment steeped in an inflated sense of importance has also left me feeling positively unwell. But fret not, Anne! We'll do our best to carry on without you.

I'm like literally like amazed how the English language has like literally changed. Now it literally like sounds like dumb. Like literally.

@myboysd5772

Ай бұрын

Like literally yaas. Fr fr.

@DavidCruickshank

Ай бұрын

People have been complaining about language since time immemorial. People in the past would complain about your language,

This channel is so woke! Even doing science they always think about being woke!

@DavidCruickshank

Ай бұрын

Only you are thinking about "woke". Politics has rotted your mind through.

I'm sure you accidentally found that black female doctor lol

@Kadler42

2 ай бұрын

Sadly only one doctor at the National Centre for Phage Research and it's a woman and she's black and she also has a PhD. Too bad there wasn't anyone else to choose from. /s

@madd5

2 ай бұрын

@@Kadler42 I am sure it was not planned

13:24 Biology is wild nanotech, proteins do a lot of things but in general are nanobots or parts of larger nanobots(often both!). I'm not even talking metaphorically; life is literally wild self-replicating nanotech. kurzgesagt's video on the compliment system does a good job of illustrating this. Molecular biology is kind of mind blowing. One fun example; you know how your muscle cells contract? Yes electrical impulse, but what actual physical mechanism causes that motion? It's countless motor proteins acting as little hands pulling cytoskeletal ropes. Similar motor proteins, with little legs, physically walk along the surface of cytoskeletal tubes transporting certain materials around individual cells. Your cells are full of little delivery-mecha.

Yay phages please help us 🥲🥲

I’m having pleasant memories of injecting 1 ml or so pig 🐷 penicillin per liter agar 🧫 media while still molten to avoid thermal decomposition during pressure cooking….. Yes! Magic 🍄(allegedly 20 years ago lol)