How Small Is It - 02 - The Microscopic (4K)
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In this first segment of our “How small is it” video book, we cover the microscopic world.
We start with optical microscopes and take a look at some of the things that you can see with light. We also cover light diffraction and show how it sets a limit on the size of objects we can see.
To understand how we can go further than light can take us by using electrons, we cover wave-particle duality. For that we cover particle momentum and wave interference. For a closer examination of waves, we show the famous Young Double Slit experiment that illustrates the wave nature of light. We also cover Airy Disks as a wave effect to further illustrate the limits of light microscopes. Then we go deeper into the nature of electromagnetic radiation. Here we show how it is the very nature of empty space with its permittivity and permeability that determines the speed of light in a vacuum.
For the particle nature of light, we cover Blackbody Radiation, the radiation catastrophe and how Planck solved the problem by showing that light is created in integer multiples of a constant now called Planck’s constant. We then cover Einstein’s photoelectric effect that showed that light was absorbed in the same multiples of light quanta. We now call these light quanta photons.
To reconcile these two views of light, we return to Young’s double slit experiment and fire photons one at a time. The interference pattern appears over time. We cover how Louis de Broglie extended this wave-particle duality to include electrons and other particles, and calculated the Broglie wavelength. The conclusion is that objects interact at points like a particle, but travel through space as a wave.
We then dig a little deeper into the nature of an electron starting with J.J. Thompson’s discovery using a mass spectrometer. We then cover how Robert Milliken found the charge of a electron. With the electron’s mass and charge known, we calculate its wavelength and find it much smaller than an optical photon’s wavelength. This makes it ideal for breaking through the diffusion limit to see much smaller objects.
We end by covering how a scanning electron microscope works and using it to view very small things - down to a carbon atom!}
Music
@02:38: Tchaikovsky - “Swan Lake”: New Symphony Orchestra from the album “Tchaikovsky’s Greatest Ballets”, 2009
@25:57 Dvorak - “Symphony No 9 The New World”: Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra; Mariss Jansons; from the album “Essential Adagios”, 2010
@30:09 Chopin - “Piano Concerto No II Romance” : Martha Argerich; Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal; Charles Dutoit; from the album “Essential Adagios”, 2010
Пікірлер: 246
Dear David Butler, I need to thank you and the people who assisted you with this magnificent series of Physics lectures. I am a scientist, but I have learned so much (probably again) from these programs. The simple way the work builds on itself, from far, to large to small, all from your backyard starting point is wonderful. I am so in love with learning on KZread and your Physics programs. Thank you, Sir.
Many times I find speaking styles of presenters to be off-putting, but this is *not* the case with Mr Butler. Speaking style agrees with me and is clear to understand. The pauses allow time to consider and register each piece of a complicated statement. I like. Approve strongly.
These lectures are wonderful! I love the classical music. I've a good background in math, though for family problem's I was never able to go to university. With my small understanding of algebra and your explanation, these difficult to understand processes are brought to light. You remind me of Richard Feynman, I knew his wife, we where born in the same village. I met him several times, no matter how complex the subject, he could explain it. Thank you!
@howfarawayisit
4 ай бұрын
Thanks. I very much appreciate the thought.
I was so stoked that you posted a new video today, I’ve been watching the entire “how far away is it” playlist every night for months now!
@vitornoel13
3 жыл бұрын
Same here
@mgunner69
3 жыл бұрын
Me too
@kuroryudairyu4567
3 жыл бұрын
He's marvelous
@Zain0_0
3 жыл бұрын
Same bruh. This is what keeps me going. The universe and it's immensity is the only thing that should matter. I hope everyone here can relate to my pain
@nurk_barry
3 жыл бұрын
@@Zain0_0 I feel the same way, people are so wrapped up in their nonsense and most peeps dont appreciate space-time and it’s many wonders.
FINALLY! A new episode from the great Mr. Butler. Many thanks Sir.
This is some of the best content on KZread. Thanks for everything, David Butler
Imagine you are David's neighbor and relaxing in your backyard just behind that white wall while listening to David working on his next video
@tamasmihaly7080
3 жыл бұрын
Wow.
@AirFrez23
3 жыл бұрын
I will certainly quit youtube
@erictko85
3 жыл бұрын
One can dream
@ihateyoutubecomments8100
Жыл бұрын
Imagine it.
@quantumcat7673
10 ай бұрын
Well, you should not lose a second and start recording the whole thing. Then you start a YT channel where you claim you are a time traveller and prove it with the recording. Next thing that will happen is subscribers will start to send you money.
You are seriously an amazing teacher! If I would have had you when I was young, no telling where I would be today. But I am expanding my mind now
Dear David Butler, You have clearly explained, in this video, the relationship between certain ideas that I have been trying to understand the significance of, for ages. Thank-you.
Every episode is a goldmine of wisdom! Thank you sir.
@mancaveproductions00
3 жыл бұрын
Its only wisdom if you can understand it..lol
Absolutely outstanding work. Time, care and attention put into every detail of the series. Thank you sir
You are as wonderful as the universe. How can you explain so fluently without looking at the notes. The force made the whole universe also made everything on earth. And your intelligence is a mere reflection of the greater intelligence above.
I love your videos David. I watch them to help me revise for my upcoming physics assessments. I want to study physics and astronomy, I just can't get enough of your videos. Well done.
@gozar3868
3 жыл бұрын
@Music, raw. I will look into that, it looks very interesting. Good music by the way.
David epitomizes the very meaning of a teacher and education.
I really enjoy listening to you talk about all these miraculous things.
Cant wait for the next segment. Wish you well, Mr Butler 🙂
I hope we reach the technological singularity soon so we all can continue watching David Butler's videos forever.
@diGritz1
3 жыл бұрын
You and Skynet.
@adamnixon2886
3 жыл бұрын
Yes, yes, but..... Meow?
love the content and its delivery hate the 9 commercials i was dragged through
This is my favorite channel on KZread.
This is exactly what I was looking for thank you for all the work you put into these series!! Instant fan!
David, your videos never disappoint. They are excellent!
Only David can pull off wearing burkenstocks with socks on! Wearin' them like a boss!
Great topic and channel!
One of the best tutorials on KZread and the entire internet period.
Thank you David Butler, you fulfill my fascination of the stars by making these great videos.
i wish i could have had you as a school teacher. the music is an ingenious touch!
I have to say 'thank you' for excellent work. Clear, linear easy to understand and introduction to all that baffling terminology.
Imagine how much knowledge this man has. Love your explanations Sir. Long live
Gold !
amazing
David, I wish you were my lecturer way back when I was studying physics at uni. Fabulous!
Just a BRILLIANT BEAUTIFUL and lucid presentation Sir! THANK YOU. Although I've been interested in these subjects for DECADES, read countless books and seen numerous good videos, this is at the TOP of the list for concise clarity. Your work is GREATLY appreciated!
Welcome back Mr. Butler! As always a very enjoyable video. Thank you!
This video explains the Black Body radiation in a way that enabled me to finally understand. Good job!
How can anyone dislike this... it's beyond me...
Honestly best channel and best content on youtube
Great video. Thank you, sir.
I love your work Mr. Butler. Always so clear and well-considered. Thank you for making such quality material available to us all.
I love your videos. So informative and somehow calming. You're the great teacher I never had.
awesome video. it was like watching a beautiful suspense movie. Very informative with simple and straight explanation.
The way you explain the topics I love is amazing ! keep up the great work!!!!
Lovely video! Two things I have always wondered, perhaps someone can clarify: In the single photon double slit experiment how do we A) Know that a single photon is emitted at a time and B) Know precisely where it hits the detector. Whenever experiments are discussed I am always curious what ingenious methods were used to achieve the results! It makes me appreciate the experiments vastly more when I can somewhat grasp the mechanics, without said grasp it can sometimes all seem a bit fantastic and esoteric to me. I'm certain there is a process by which we do both, but I don't know it and I'd love to hear from you all! It's probably a basic question, but I really don't know how we measure a photon striking a grid on a detector.
@dixztube
2 жыл бұрын
Great question and response
Great videos but I'm yet to stay awake til the end of one xxxzzzzzzzzzz.. so chills me out
Tremendous. These are the best explanations online.
Great video as always, despite de absurd 9x10^73 ads.
@howfarawayisit
3 жыл бұрын
There are no ads on the music free version.
We appreciate you, David.
Love your videos Mr. Butler. Keep going. Thanks
This is excellent! I appreciate what you have done here
Thank you so much for uploading this video Mr. David, I always feel happy watching your videos!
excellent, excellent. Thank you sir :D
Thank you so much for sharing this series with us. I find your presentations absolutely fascinating and the video quality is great.
Wow. Finally. I was waiting for this so long. Season 02. Love the socks too. Greetings from Czech republic.
best channel ever - never an ad too!
As always brilliant and easy to understand!!!
It's insane how much research you do for all your videos. This one was great to watch. Thanks
Who could dislike this video?
Wow a new video! What pleasant surprise. Thank you for making these and providing them for the world to watch!
Nice video. Wish I was smart enough to understand all of it, but still learned a lot. Very interesting.
Mind blowing, all that i already know from many sources, but that moderate but steady flow of history is so consistent. You really love what you talking about.
The start of a new David Butler series! How fortunate that I'd already opened a bottle of wine, but had not yet drunk too much of it to understand.
When I watched this video it blew my mind, the wealth of super interesting info that he presents and summarizes. Can't wait to reach the next chapter.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart sir for the amazing content. I can’t thank you enough, i enjoy your channel and enjoy listening to you, thank you very much.
Thanks Mr Butler for sharing this with us;
Thank you for your informative video, it drew me in and held me until the end. Well done! Steve
Dat background music doe lol perfect! Im glad u included wat the music was in the description =) yes! was just wondering and BAM! there it lies.. u da man!
This is amazing! So succinct
You are an amazing teacher!! Thank you for these videos!
Always enjoy your video's,, you explain subjects so well.. great job..
The meter stick in your hand is shorter than the one on the table. At (0:36) The yard stick is on the outside and the meter stick is closer to you and it's shorter.
@howfarawayisit
3 жыл бұрын
I thought no one would see the slight of hand. I picked up the wrong stick but talked the right stick. Very observant you are.
Good stuff as always. I've watched and re watched your videos.
I didn't know socks and sandals are in style!! Going to put mine on now!!
Awesome & Thanks again Mr. Butler!🪐☄️🌎
Brilliant as always, cannot thank you enough!
Got to admit i dont like the hypotheis "the light particle interferes with itself". I think its more a case of it just being thats how space is shaped, the field of space makes a particle travel in a defraction pattern. However a device which meassures where the particle is going is flattening space, and that particle no longer travels through bumpy space and just goes straight. Hence no interference pattern when measuring
Thank you very much for this great video, professor Butler.
Thank you for another highly interesting video, David!
Fantastic presentation…much appreciated
Under a national quarantine, the best in class .
nice! always a happy day when a new video comes up!
Love you David , hope you are doing well and keep up the good work
Thanks David, your videos are awesome!
Hats off to you sir, brilliant as always. I tend to think of joules/Newton-meters as units of electrical work. Cheers for the grounding.
Always Great 👍
Great video! Thank's mr. Butler
I just found your page. I’m totally hooked!
great presentation. very clear. that quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain particle / wave duality.
Great to see you back David. Loved How Far Away is It?
Thank you for your work.
you're my favorite science guy
I am totally intrigued with your excellent presentation. For that, I am a new subscriber.
The best voice in the buzines
It takes 30 years to count a billion seconds. Big number.
Cheers! Thanks for this!
David thank you!
Fantastic!
Thank you sir, you are a true scientist 👊🏽👊🏽👊🏽
We live in an amazing universe, at a great time to learn about it.
How small is it? That bought back some unwanted memories 😒
Thanks. This content is amazing
Very good video. I enjoyed it :)