2:58 ah yes, the distant year of 2020

@mac4951

3 жыл бұрын

Sweet innocent Derrick never knew what 2020 world bring. I’m envious.

@dioptre

3 жыл бұрын

sad me

@vojtechhala5074

3 жыл бұрын

Nobody expects the year 2020.

@cristianmartinez-eq7yc

3 жыл бұрын

2021

@user-s1ba1sekk1

3 жыл бұрын

Watching this on 2021 and its funny how that prediction is so wrong lol Last years total information on the intrrnet is only 4.4ZB

When you drink too much and then you're just laying on the grass and being all philosophical and stuff

@megatrix500

7 жыл бұрын

they smoked too much of that dank veritasium

@iUseVegas

5 жыл бұрын

BRUH IKR

@maulwurf9414

5 жыл бұрын

iUseVegas BRUH IKR

@alisonlaett9625

5 жыл бұрын

@@megatrix500 +Megatrix500 This is even funnier if you speak a latin based language and understand that you're basically saying they consumed too much truth. it was too real for them!!! (verité = truth in french, and it probably similar in spanish & italien)

@thanhvinhnguyento7069

5 жыл бұрын

Bruh it's truth serum

As a Spanish speaker this was my experience: initially I wasn’t paying attention to what she said and I just thought she was speaking fast for absolutely no reason. Going back again and listening I see they say the same thing and talk at the same speed. Which absolutely blew my mind. The rhythm of the speaking due to the amount of syllables from English to Spanish made it seem like Spanish is spoken much faster and to see that was crazy.

@MagicMike_101

2 жыл бұрын

ZzzZzzZzzz

"..they intentionally replaced the i with a y, so it could not be confused with the bit" Wait, I thought it was so that people wouldn't chew it

@owais8047

3 жыл бұрын

Hahahhahahhaha

@gtbkts

2 жыл бұрын

Nice

Things like that dice roll are what make veritasium videos amazing.

@JuveriSetila

7 жыл бұрын

Boyinaband Hey thats boy in a band! Love the fact that you watch theese videos

@DemoniteBL

7 жыл бұрын

It was animated.

@asitas

6 жыл бұрын

DAVE!!

@talalahmedvlogs5717

6 жыл бұрын

DAVEEEE!

@PatrikKron

6 жыл бұрын

I wonder how many tries it took to get one of each (within the cameras view)

NOTE: The number of base pairs in the human genome is often quoted as 3,000,000,000 but this is for 23 chromosomes. Human cells are diploid, containing two copies of each chromosome, so there really are 6,000,000,000 base pairs in every cell.

@pedrosilveira5764

10 жыл бұрын

You can never have enough backups, I guess.

@Emvkazama

10 жыл бұрын

Angie Kazama that's a lot of bytes there!

@sarowie

10 жыл бұрын

Pedro Silveira Ask a banana: The most produced and therefor eaten Banana is triploid, which makes it hard to bread. So, two seams to be a good compromise.

@JoePhilipps

10 жыл бұрын

mmmmmmm.....banana bread......

10 жыл бұрын

sarowie, triploids are infertile. Hence, why people grow triploid bananas. They generally can't develop mature seeds. The same goes for "seedless" watermelons. They are also triploid. They even grow triploid fish. _" Human cells are diploid, containing two copies of each chromosome,"_ As some of you may know, not all human cells are diploid. Gametes are haploid, most liver cells (hepatocytes) are tetraploid or octoploid (with one nucleus or binuclear, respectively): jbc.org/content/278/21/19095.full and many heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) also become polyploid and polynuclear: circres.ahajournals.org/content/106/9/1498.full Skeletal muscle fibers are multi-nucleated, so they are also polyploid _sensu stricto,_ although in that case the process that gives rise to polyploidy (cell fusion) is different to the above cases. Likewise, the syncytiotrophoblast of the (human) placenta is also formed by cell fusion, and therefore multi-nucleated and polyploid. Finally, red blood cells (erythrocytes) have neither chromosomes nor nucleus. Edit: I had missed giant cells: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_cell

1:19 Henry was wearing a cgp grey shirt

@johnduale430

3 жыл бұрын

And Derek wearing a Henry shirt???

0:15 What a nightmare if you are fluent in spanish and english

@anitanyanya

4 жыл бұрын

My brain went divided in half

@victorroque5667

4 жыл бұрын

It actually wasn't bad... I could hear both languages and understood them... And since there saying the same thing, I could switch from one and still understand what they were saying... It was overwhelming at first but after a while I got used to it and could understand pretty well...

@tsunghan_yu

4 жыл бұрын

Victor Roque didnt know that they are saying the same thing

@victorroque5667

4 жыл бұрын

@@tsunghan_yu yeah, the whole point of that is to show that the same information (even in two different languages) take about the same time to exchange. It's pretty cool and interesting.

@swine13

3 жыл бұрын

You can't be confused by two people speaking if you don't understand any languages. (Big brain time)

I can speak both languages and they speaking at the same time blew up my mind haha

@pramitbanerjee

8 жыл бұрын

+seriekekomo what did they say?

@seriekekomo

8 жыл бұрын

pramitbanerjee the same.

@sebas200425

7 жыл бұрын

yes is true

@victordesu2136

7 жыл бұрын

Omg same here

@goro-swagkechi707

7 жыл бұрын

same u.u

So many awesome people collaborated with me in this video: MinutePhysics Vsauce BrainCraft Cara Santa Maria Crystal Dilworth +Christina Ochoa - thank you all!!

@TheRolemodel1337

10 жыл бұрын

Doesnt the uncertainty principle forbid what is said at 4:37? Esle you could predict the future with the same method right?

@LeiosLabs

10 жыл бұрын

Great video! Unfortunately, even if you knew the precise location of every particle in the air, land, and sea... I don't think you could trace it back to your speech patterns. The Thermodynamic and Quantum arrows of time both say otherwise. There are just certain things that are irreversible. I think the best you could do is find a number of possible states. I could be wrong, though.

@tejaschitnis9323

10 жыл бұрын

MinutePhysics's video said that we cant do that. I guess this is was classical deterministic part and the next part will be about the quantum part. BTW MP's video was called something like "Can we predict everything?"

@ika.sensei

10 жыл бұрын

Tejas Chitnis Predicting the future and extrapolating information about the past are two different things. And if I remember correctly, for some reason quantum mechanics behaves in a predictable fashion if time is reversed. It's really confusing and doesn't make intuitive sense, but that's QM for you.

@CHAS1422

10 жыл бұрын

LeiosOS If you could trace the pattern, condition and motion of two particals, could you trace the pattern condition and motion of three? Is the outcome of the roll of the dice determined prior to it landing on the table? Yet impossible to determine by us simply because of the minutia of variable influence? If there is only one past, and only one future, and each incremental state of existence depends on the existing state of the present, then predetermination seems the only obvious conclusion. I couldn't be in America then suddenly in France, unless energy compelled me to be in the new location.

This is the first time in my life I hear two languages I can speak at the same time. It drove me crazy, my brain kept constantly switching between Spanish and English. I've heard two languages at the same time before, like in the Olympics and the news, but usually, I can only understand one of them. This was quite different, a new experience por así decirlo.

@usa45CC

2 жыл бұрын

New experience, asi por decirlo

@fikatrouvaille3670

2 жыл бұрын

I'm fluent in both but English is my main language, so I tuned the Spanish out. That might be because I hardly ever hear that dialect, though, so my brain doesn't tell me to pay attention to it.

@MagicMike_101

2 жыл бұрын

ZzzzzZzzzZzzzzz

@alexandermeneses5688

Жыл бұрын

Justamente

"By the year 2020" as I'm watching this exactly 4 hours from that exact year...

@doogelyjim8627

4 жыл бұрын

psst it's 2020 now. nice jolyne avi

@davidt01

3 жыл бұрын

I'm from the future, and you might not want to go into 2020.

@b.l.o.o.m6614

3 жыл бұрын

Yea it sucks really really vad

@mac4951

3 жыл бұрын

Go back.

@neogetright7542

3 жыл бұрын

@@davidt01 Aight! Imma go find a cave and go back to 1986.

I'm Spanish, and that girl must have had four or five cups of cofee because she's talking way faster than people normally do LOL.

@jeanpaulblanchette2079

9 жыл бұрын

im not spanish but spanish is my main language

@maricrespo

8 жыл бұрын

ComandanteJ I'm spanish too and YES, she is speaking quite fast!!

@OrangeUtan1

8 жыл бұрын

ComandanteJ 我很反感，我覺得這個西班牙

@ComandanteJ

8 жыл бұрын

the scarecrow Google translator gives me a translation that i dont think is accurate, so i cant understand you.

@SethStalley

8 жыл бұрын

+ComandanteJ Depends on what tongue of spanish you are talking about. Yeah she is speaking a bit fast but not THAT much faster than the norm here. - I live in Costa Rica

I will be using the start of this video to teach my classes what ascii is. Thanks!!!

@veritasium

10 жыл бұрын

my pleasure

@virendersharmaable

10 жыл бұрын

Veritasium and i now understand it too ..and what all that code really was.....as always ...a awesome video.

@anishmaharjank

10 жыл бұрын

Virender Sharma really ?? really u did?? for all time u never understood any code.. and just representing them in this time.. u ..understood? wow

@randomjasmicisrandom

9 жыл бұрын

Anish Maharjan ?? Did writing that make you feel better?? u did? wow

@anishmaharjank

9 жыл бұрын

randomjasmic 1st thing, i wasnt offensive to u. 2nd if u're trying to be defensive. Keep at it. wow

1:30 *Let's all take a moment to appreciate how much time he spent to throw all the dice each with different numbers*

@wincentywilk7511

3 жыл бұрын

From my calculations the chance of that happening is about 1.5%

@Anonymous-8080

3 жыл бұрын

@@wincentywilk7511 ohhhh great work

@The_Tormented_One

2 жыл бұрын

Just some seconds?

@Deguu68

2 жыл бұрын

@@wincentywilk7511 is that evem right? i got 0,00214335%

@wincentywilk7511

2 жыл бұрын

@@Deguu68 Well I don’t remember what calculation I did. But I know the probability is: 1*(5/6)*(4/6)*(3/6)*(2/6)*(1/6) Whitch is… (5/324) Or 0,015432098765432 Or 1,543…% What was your calculation? PS I am not a native english speaker so there are mistakes

I've long wondered if it would be possible to hear the speech of ancient peoples by scanning sequential imperfections in crystal formations of fire-side stones as they cooled down and solidified, assuming that ambient sound waves would be enough to create detectable shifts in the molecular positions and the cooling would be predictably linear.

@tannerman46

2 жыл бұрын

I suspect you could in a lab with the right technology, but not on stones left outside in the elements for thousands of years. Very interesting idea!

@osiris1102

2 жыл бұрын

No

@sarthaksharma4816

2 жыл бұрын

Yoooo!

I am bilingual in Spanish and English, and I just couldn't handle both languages at once. I exploded

@kennarajora6532

3 жыл бұрын

that's an overload of information.

@chander.261

3 жыл бұрын

are you fine now ?

@akemdam9824

3 жыл бұрын

Me too dude plus i had the german subs on 🙉 i died

@full-timepog6844

3 жыл бұрын

@@akemdam9824 0.o but.........you posted! /s

@funkdefied1

3 жыл бұрын

Condolences to your family

I'm sure that any attempt to take the current state of matter in a closed system containing 2 people and extrapolate backwards to determine what was said between them at a previous point in time would find the uncertainty principle an impossible barrier to calculate around.

@luckygnome2746

6 жыл бұрын

I know you posted three years ago, so I’m sorry. I think they meant that if someone had info info on a closed system everything that two people ever affect, they could extrapolate back to figure out what those people said at a given point in time. It’s like movies where a super computer can scan the whole universe, so it can answer any question past present or future based on how things act.

@user-oh8xh3he5p

6 жыл бұрын

Strong Medicine yeah，wave function collapse loses information

@dcamron46

3 жыл бұрын

Why the uncertainty principal? It's not necessary to invoke quantum mechanics here. Classically and thermodynamis states entropy must increase in real systems which aren't reversible. I believe the acoustic vibrations represent that. I agree the info is lost as pure heat, not stored.

@dcamron46

3 жыл бұрын

my understanding of this has evolved and i think my comment wasn't very insightful. It is interesting to use quantum mechanics to explain the 'why' entropy must increase. Whereas my comment simply takes that as fact, Veritasium is trying to explain the mechanism. And in fact the information isn't 'lost' -- that's incorrect. Information can't be destroyed, it is entropy after all, transformation of the vibrations to diffuse heat is just a higher entropy state of the same information --with more 'noise'. Second law shows you can't reduce that higher state entropy to a lower 'noise' entropy state without spending energy, that's all.

@Isaac-we2ks

2 жыл бұрын

@@dcamron46 excellent clarification dc, appreciate your further insight into the matter

I now want there to be a podcast where Vsauce and Veritasium just talk about the nature of reality together

I fell in love with your channel. I've watched all Michaels' videos atleast twice now, and almost got fed up by how little of similiar, information intense content there is. glad I'm here and thank you.

Mind = Blown

@bethallen5104

10 жыл бұрын

Hey, I didn't know you watched Veritasium! I probably should've guessed though.

@mrselenio

10 жыл бұрын

Derek, Mike, Grant, I think you are awesome and unique, keep it going, I love all your videos, I'm from Uruguay, and my native language is Spanish, I'm lucky to know English and be able to understand your amazing videos, I wish you the best, you are the most interesting youtubers, by the way, Derek or Mike (or both), can you make a video about how much easier is to learn each language and how does it interact with the brain, because, like you said, Spanish have less syllables than English, that may be why is easier for a Spanish learn English than vice versa

@InigoSJ

10 жыл бұрын

Nope,mind->blown.That is not a =

@itszain6317

3 жыл бұрын

Grant probably wrote this comment.. rip

@The_Tormented_One

2 жыл бұрын

Mindblown

How many times did you have to roll those dice to get THAT outcome?

@KipIngram

4 жыл бұрын

Pick any die and let it be the starting point. It has some number on it. The second die has a 5/6 chance of being different. The third die has a 4/6 chance of being different from the first two. The fourth die has a 3/6 chance of being different from the first three. The fifth die has a 2/6 chance of being different, and the last die a 1/6 chance. Multiply it all out and you get (6 factorial) / (6^6) = 0.015432099. The expected number of tosses to get that is the reciprocal of that value, which is 64.8. So, there's a 50/50 chance you'll get it within 65 rolls.

@krakowski_6237

4 жыл бұрын

Or just combine separate 1, 2, 3 etc rolls into one shot. Also, what a necro, over 4 years.

@l1mbo69

2 жыл бұрын

Make all the die fake, all faces are the same

@SparkySummers

2 жыл бұрын

@@KipIngram I never saw this before and another necro revealed it to me. I'm going to have to watch the video again to understand what this was all about but I'm gonna guess that all the maths stuff is accurate. Until then, you have my thanks.

@evil001987

2 жыл бұрын

@@KipIngram actually, if you do 65 rolls, there is a 63% chance of succeeding. If you do it many times, on average you will succeed once every 64.8 tries, but if you roll 65 times in a row and then stop there is a 63% chance of succeeding.

What's interesting is that we can speed up most videos and still perfectly understand the language and the content being delivered. So the speed of a language isn't entirely limited by our cognitive capabilities. It has to be more about benefits vs cost of a different speed of communication. Or some thing on those lines. Because most things we do, tend to optimize themselves over long periods of time.

@nunliski

Жыл бұрын

When you speed up a video (or audio) you actually do lose a lot of information. Even if you still understand the words, you lose the wide array of communication that a speaking human engages in beyond the words themselves. You lose tone. You lose emotion. You lose any kind of subtlety being communicated non-explicitly. If you don't believe me, try listening to comedy sped up. So I would argue that you can absorb the literal content of sped up audio as fast as at normal speed because you are dropping a lot of information in order to receive strictly the transcript faster.

@whatisahandle221

Жыл бұрын

@@nunliski - Maybe, but I’ve been doing that a lot, lately-watching videos at high speed-, and I’ve noticed that many speakers are actually very slow in giving new and significant information. They have pauses. They also have a lot of syntax or what I’d call grammar fluff that’s nonessential. Of course, half of what I’m viewing is semi-sensational news, and it’s often supplemented by photos or videos. Ie I suspect a) there’s a lot of syntax/grammar and contextual words that, if you already know the video byline and/or gist of the story, not much “missed” in hearing process limits is necessary or new. b) I also suspect that speakers-and writers-are limited by the thoughts and then the process of translating those thoughts into speech or writing. c) Corollary to b) - If I’m _watching_ a video, I am not really interacting with another person, thinking of their ideas, and we are both not needing to say things in a two person conversation. Even news shows-or scripted information videos like this one-are not really two-way streams of communication (not counting comments, for the sake of the video speed discussion). Ie the viewer has more working memory freed up to process incoming information.

@SuperYtc1

Жыл бұрын

@@nunliski I don’t. I’m very smart and it’s easy for me to understand the emotion as well. It’s exactly the same information. Your brain is just too slow. YOU ARE A PEASANT.

@eatylswv6778

11 ай бұрын

fr i jus watched this at 2x speed to save time

This is so vsaucey, I’d almost swear it was written and directed by Michael - omg, and as I write this, it’s Michael!

When Vsauce appeared on the grass all I could think about was "The Fault In Our Science".

HI, I was just wondering... Are u and Vsauce stoned at the park at 4:20?

@Arthur-qh6eg

5 жыл бұрын

I don't know about them. But it's damn true.

@alterego9791

5 жыл бұрын

420 Blaze it

@saswatapatra5919

4 жыл бұрын

yupp

@orbs1062

4 жыл бұрын

Was a little homoerotic.

@RobbyBoy167

4 жыл бұрын

The conversation was so fitting too hahaha

I almost wanted to comment, that this videos style reminds me of Vsauce. And suddenly Michael pops into the screen. Even the FBI wrote wtf as a push note

4:36 What Michael says here is now possible with AI, by just looking at a recorded video of some chips packet in the room, the vibrations created on it made by your voice, the AI can recreate the audio.

Woman store less important data in their memory than men. Case in point: Woman #1: "Wow. I love your new hair style." Woman #2: "Thanks. I spent $150 on it and it took 3 hours. Of course I had to make an appointment a week in advance. But it was worth it. It matches the new outfits I bought and my husband thinks it's great." Man #1: Haircut? Man #2: Yep. Men have more memory space for more important stuff.

@angelbear_og

10 жыл бұрын

Oooooor.... is it just that they have less memory space to begin with? ^_-

@SnoopyDoofie

10 жыл бұрын

j3ss4ndr4 And waste what little they have on useless stuff??? Come on. That's being too mean. ;-)

@dudelivestrong

10 жыл бұрын

Go to New York and you can get a hair cut that cost $1,000 U.S.

@tayoyoyo

10 жыл бұрын

dudelivestrong a haircut that costs that much better come with a built in usb port and cup holders

@YindiOfficial

10 жыл бұрын

CowsRule I think she (i'm assuming because her username is j3ss, like jess, although i'm not sure) was talking about us (men).

I once read an interesting approach to quantifying information: In this approach, information of a message M was defined as -ln(P(M)), where P(M) is the probability of the message M occurring. Hence, the message "Dog bites Earthling" has less information than "Earthling bites dog", because its probability is higher. Also, the message "Earthling bites dog" has more information in a serious newspaper, rather than a yellow press newspaper. This approach is of course based on the earthlings' binary thinking, their idea that everything has a probability [in other words, can be projected onto the true-false edge of the triangle of ternary alien logic]. But it's quite consistent. For example, the information of the combination of two independent messages is the sum of the two informations.

@Defeshh

10 жыл бұрын

I love you Zogg, your last video was incredible. I'm eager to learn about that weird species you always talk about, they are called Earthlings I believe (not for invasions, of course).

@bgezal

10 жыл бұрын

This is also similar to how teleporting machines work (outside Earth). Earthlings believe every particle in the body have to be quantified and be moved or copied to the destination. But really you only have to decrease the probability that you are at the source while simultaneously increase the probability that you are at the destination.

@MrBillllyBoob

10 жыл бұрын

love your work Zogg

@crsm42

10 жыл бұрын

Infinite improbability drive?

@louisng114

10 жыл бұрын

MrBillllyBoob you mean you (x^2+(9/4)y^2+z^2-1)^3 - (x^2)(z^3) - (9/80)(y^2)(z^3)=0 his work :P

4:15 was this the original thumbnail

I swear this guy conveys information so beautifully that I didn't even realized it was only 5-6 mins

Up until 4:02 I wasn't sure if Derek smoked weed. But then he showed that he clearly does. Dat thought process.

@TheInquisitor127

8 жыл бұрын

His atomic weight is 42.0

This kind of feels like the flow of a sauce video....WAIT THERE'S MICHAEL!

Man, that talk at the end, especially what was said around the 4:50 mark, is exactly what I've been thinking about lately. Boy does the rabbit hole go much deeper from there. Great video!

Man! These videos were the bomb!! I'm glad they're being recommended to me once again. Re-visiting this topic would be cool now. Since it is later than 2020.

I love how you and Michael are collaborating more often, the stuff you guys make together is amazing. =)

@veleronHL

10 жыл бұрын

Oh, I thought they are an item.

@stpears3846

10 жыл бұрын

veleronHL Instead of Derek and Henry? :-( ;-)

Ahh, the beautiful deterministic worldview. Still don't know how I feel about it, but it's gorgeous.

@veritasium

10 жыл бұрын

more on this to come...

@SmiggzYh

10 жыл бұрын

Very much looking forward to it!

@samueltrujillophotography

10 жыл бұрын

Veritasium WHEN!

@nDjification

10 жыл бұрын

Yes that's a fascinating subject ! I've been once totally persuaded that this theory was absolutely true, but then I've heard much about quantum physics and how little things may happen randomly. Really looking forward to this video !

@SmiggzYh

10 жыл бұрын

But for me, the possibility lies that random is just... the unknown. We don't know the pattern.

Very mind blowing video! I for sure thought that there would be a language that was better at relaying information faster than others, and I was jaw dropped that they all seem to be equal, very interesting!!

4:02 When your best friend visits to play some video games and hang out

im spanish, and that woman was speaking really fast. Way faster than how we do

@B3Band

8 жыл бұрын

+Jacobo Pindado The point was to make the English and Spanish clips end at the same time. She has to speak faster to get the same amount of information out.

@nicholasw996

8 жыл бұрын

+Bloodbath and Beyond Spanish and English spoken naturally, and indeed any other language, will on average communicate the same amount of information in the same amount of time. That's the point Veritasium was making.

@B3Band

8 жыл бұрын

***** Which is why she has to speak faster to get the same information out, right?

@nicholasw996

8 жыл бұрын

+Bloodbath and Beyond Yes, and such a rate of speech is natural for Spanish speakers.

@MohammedHasanTHEYUGIOHMASTER

8 жыл бұрын

+Jacobo Pindado i have spanish friends and when they speak spanish they speak just as fast as that

I love the part closer to the end. It really shows how "unique" we really are. Also showing how connected we are as people.

1:31, Let's all take a moment to appreciate how many attempts were done for this shot.

@kennarajora6532

3 жыл бұрын

maybe derek just knew black magic.

@speed2574

3 жыл бұрын

@@kennarajora6532 I love your profile picture

@kennarajora6532

3 жыл бұрын

@@speed2574 thank you.

8 years after and still found this amazing

... but what if you saw only half of frozen?

@danybanana

10 жыл бұрын

Then you haven't actually seen Frozen.

@master3243

10 жыл бұрын

well Frozen is a 1 hour and 30 minute video, so if you didn't see the other half then technically you didn't see frozen, but then you could say the you saw the whole film except the last millisecond does that mean that you haven't seen frozen yet? Nonetheless you are going into hypothetical territory, and that's not a good place to be.

@marvinmarvin38

10 жыл бұрын

the definition of half is important as you could have watched the whole movie by skipping a frame which would still be a whole movie but pain to watch if the original is around 25fps

@StefanNicolaeTodea

10 жыл бұрын

then you use quantum processing, superposition and shit

@belzebubbby

10 жыл бұрын

master3243 Then, when we ask if somebody has watched the movie, we actually ask them, if they know the plot and if they can make sense of it? So, when I spoiled a plottwist in that one GoT episode to my friend, does it mean that he "watched" this episode? He already knows what will happen... I know, I'm a terrible person. Sometimes...

Given the last scene the second part basically has to be about entropy (link between the entropy of information and physics), am I right?.

@veritasium

10 жыл бұрын

excellent deductions.

Love all your videos!!!

I love seeing Michael on your channel

Veritasium The unqueness of a person could not be stored on a floppy disk. The information in DNA is not just whether it is 1,2,3 or 4, but also it's position. IF you take all the unique bits out and stung them together, you've actually lost a lot of information. This is the same reason why patches/diffs of computer code are bigger than the actual number of bytes being changed by the patch set. All those extra bytes encode the offsets and some checking to make sure that each bit goes in the right place. So for non-contigious DNA where no half-nibble delta appears next to another one. We'd need 33 bits per 2 bit delta. Giving us 27MB requirement with no checksums and a really weird non-byte boundry storage mechanism. And that's assuming no insertions or deletions, just chages. We'd need more bytes to store what needs to be done if we want to actually create a working mechanism.

@jdp2

10 жыл бұрын

Based on the video if he says 1 MB of purely base pair differences, that would be 4,000,000 base pairs (4 per byte). Multiply that by 35 bits (33 bit offset, 2 bit value) and it comes to about 17.5 MB. It is possible to reduce the amount of space required by using a variable length encoding for the offsets. A example of a simple variable length encoding is to reserve the top bit of each byte as a flag to indicate whether more bytes are required. This works especially well if you store the offsets in order, and instead of storing the absolute offset, just store the difference from the previous offset. I ran a simulation with 13-bit style variable length integers, and with randomly distributed offsets, it comes out to less than 8 MB. It still won't fit on a floppy, but not bad :). This was my simulation code (C#): const long totalBasePairs = 6000000000; const int diffBasePairs = 4000000; const int bitGrouping = 13; Random rand = new Random(); List offsets = Enumerable.Range(0, diffBasePairs).Select(n => (long)(rand.NextDouble() * totalBasePairs)).OrderBy(n => n).ToList(); Func getVLIntSize = (value) => { int s = 0; do { value >>= bitGrouping - 1; s += bitGrouping; } while (value != 0); return s; }; int offsetsBitSize = getVLIntSize(offsets[0]) + Enumerable.Range(1, offsets.Count - 1).Sum(i => getVLIntSize(offsets[i] - offsets[i - 1])); int basePairsBitSize = diffBasePairs * 2; int totalBytes = (offsetsBitSize + basePairsBitSize) / 8; Debug.WriteLine(totalBytes.ToString("#,##0"));

@doctormo

10 жыл бұрын

jdpurcell2 Nice work :-)

@jdp2

10 жыл бұрын

Martin Owens Thanks! I had another cool idea too: you don't even need to store the 2 bit values each time. List the offsets for A first, then C, then T, then G, using a special offset (e.g. one greater than the maximum possible offset) to delimit where each list of offsets ends.

@doctormo

10 жыл бұрын

jdpurcell2 It'd be cool to write something firth to generate a random set of data about 1.5GiB then to modify it randomly 1.5 million times (1 in 1000) then give you the two files to see if you can first unpack into a delta and then repack into either file (forwards and backwards) ;-)

that's a diskette not a floppy disk

Whoa 🤩🤩 how you made those dice outcomes to such unique outcome..this is awesome

I would kill for a chance to spend a day with Michael and Derek. Respect and Love from Bulgaria guys. You are awesome !!!!

I have to disagree here about what you said about information being physical. While there can be physical manifestations of information the information itself is not physical. For example the laws of logic that you are using right now to understand my comment is not physical but the words I am typing to explain that are. The number two is an abstract number that causes nothing but that doesn't mean a representation of the number two written on a page can not cause anything. This is a philosophical truth and one that is widely discussed by mathematicians and philosophers.

@nuegai4642

10 жыл бұрын

"...the laws of logic that you are using right now to understand my comment is not physical..." But they exist as electro-chemical activity in your brain.. which is, obviously, physical. I guess the question is, "is consciousness physical?" And your answer is a resounding no. However, I am not so sure. I believe that certainty is, at best, illusory.

@prebenness

10 жыл бұрын

Well not all schools of philosophy subscribe to the platonic view of logic and information being actual existing concepts and ideas beyond the physical world.

@srpilha

10 жыл бұрын

I wholeheartedly agree. Even if we don't subscribe to a platonic existence of our concepts, their encoding in our brains as particular connections between neurons (or as particular patterns of brain activity, or as anything, really) is really not necessarily, and probably not at all, exactly the same for every human being. So the concept of "the number two" as a physical entity or as physically inscribed in some way is problematic. You have to consider some equivalence class, and that's already an abstract construction (which in turn has its own multiple inscriptions in our brains, etc.). Moreover, the fact that the vibrations of the air we produce with speech interact with everything around us does not mean AT ALL that we could retrieve this spoken information afterwards, even if we could observe very precisely every molecule in the world. Sound vibrations are dampened when they travel through the air and when they hit a surface, which means energy is converted from motion to heat. That exact amount of heat could have been generated by a large number of factors, including many different sounds going through the air. So no, speaking is not a way of recording sound into the physical world. It does get lost. (and if we want to look at subatomic particles instead of just the air molecules, there's a whole mess of quantum possibilities that arise)

@RipleySawzen

10 жыл бұрын

srpilha One thing you said that I have to semi-disagree with is that the number two isn't the same for every human being. Having studied psychology extensively, I have come to the conclusion that numbers, words, colors, etc... are all the same for everyone who is raised similarly, i.e. most people born and raised in America will have the exact same interpretations of numbers, letters, colors, etc... The interesting part is that across cultures, there are enormous language differences in perception. Some languages only have 5 colors, for example, and what you may perceive as closer to blue, another culture may see as being closer to green. Whether these are actual differences in representations in the brain or simple languge barriers is still being researched, but it may be that language has a huge impact on the actual mechanisms of perception. So back to the number 2. If two people are raised the same way, their number 2's will be the same, just as you and I see blue the same way. Yet other cultures might be different. I can't wait for mind/machine interface. It will allow us to share thoughts and oh what fun that will be!

@nanaki-seto

10 жыл бұрын

Actually the vid has it right. You mention laws of logic. But we are really dealing with thoughts. Each thought is a series of electrical impulses in the brain. Each impulse of current will generate a given amount of heat. That heat does present it self in some finite way. While it is doubtful that we will have a way to measure the heat generate the principle is sound. So in principle it is right. All information will have some physical effect or form associated with it. Just because we can not perceive it doesn't mean that it does not exist. BTW thought (laws of logic) also have a measurable electrical signal we can in fact measure. I was wanting to point out a less obvious effect of thought (laws of logic etc)

Awesome.

@PatrickRyan

10 жыл бұрын

I've wondered this for years (the relative information density of languages).

Very well presented as usual !

Made me chuckle in floppy disk. My kids asked me what those square plastics are. And I literally made him sit down for me to explain the ancestor of storage devices.

3:35 In case you don't know what that is :) Ahhhh time is amazing growing old is amazing, hilarious :D

Like for the Floppy !!

@TNTCZE

8 жыл бұрын

dude, this sounds weird :D

@Alex-oz9eh

8 жыл бұрын

+Clarence the Potato Man wat

@aikslf

8 жыл бұрын

*floppy disk

@madeline4082

6 жыл бұрын

you mean the save icon for us millenials?

@BillAnt

5 жыл бұрын

The 5.25"s from the 80's are the shiznit! ;D

that was really cool. it would also come in handy if one wanted let's say look at points in time in history when language was changed and figure out the reasoning for letter changes, or reasoning for a certain language creation. now that would be pretty cool. imagine creating a language changelog, like "we changed this letter to be displayed like this symbol because of this reason" or "i'm gonna represent this sound in this way, because i think of that". that would be impressive and a book worth reading.

a lot off questions I have...it is very interesting subject!! I wish to learn more, from you in your new videos.. tnx .... all your videos are great!!! tnx for shearing your knowledge!!!!

Ya know, I’ve always had this thought. What language conveys information the most efficient. And although this video talks about other stuff, it’s always been a wonder to think “if I speak a certain language, does it communicate better than another language?” It’s always been something I’ve wondered... or maybe, a new language gets made up that does what we’re thinking but faster?

How many freaking times did you have to roll the dice!?!?!?????!?

@scottyzacharia8386

10 жыл бұрын

Well the chances are 1 in 720 (1 in 6!) So yeah, a lot.

@Zarberii

10 жыл бұрын

Looks like only one was rolled multiple times and then layered together, or the other 5 are computer generated. Probably the former, but there are some other ways to achieve this result. I highly doubt it was pure chance. :P

@NiftyFingers

10 жыл бұрын

Scotty Zacharia actually 6! is the number of ways to order 6 dice without repeats. 6^6 is the number of possible roles. So it's (6!)/(6^6)

@ADouiri070

10 жыл бұрын

Scotty Zacharia if you looke closely, its edited with some video editor software

@OmarGonzalez-tg9uv

10 жыл бұрын

About 64 should be enough

I knew most of this stuff but the perspective is refreshing thanks

thinking on your suggestion about remeasuring a sound wave in a chamber, have to say it will not work probably because of thermal noise , the entropy of a isobaric volume with an impulse of sound doing into it would be heated ever so slightly, then when returning to equilibrium would increase the entropy... that is even before i start talking about quantum effects, or maxwells demon

4:02 best moment in the entire history of youtube

@Gumbocinno

2 жыл бұрын

I think it's rivaled by that Idubbbz/Vsauce crossover.

that was mind blowing. And this is why I LOVE science, and Veritasium :)

This gives me such good vibes

Another incredible episode

3:00 Not bad for a prediction in 2014. That number was measured to be about 44ZB.

For a second 1:19 I thought that was *CGP Grey*..

@eIucidate

10 жыл бұрын

Me too!

@ObjectsInMotion

9 жыл бұрын

nah its Henry Reich from MinutePhysics

This was brilliant. Resonated with me on what I wonder about when I'm bored.

The last part was amazing😍

English is a stress-timed language. Stressed syllables are longer, louder and higher-pitched. Unstressed syllables are weakened, so shorter, quieter and lower-pitched. Spanish is a syllable-timed language - the difference in length, loudness and pitch between stressed syllables and unstressed syllables is much less significant than in English. I'm not sure whether Spanish uses more syllables to express the same information as English (it's possible because of the morphology - e.g. verb endings) but the main difference is that English weakens most of its syllables (but doesn't eliminate them completely) and Spanish doesn't.

@GermanNightTrain

Жыл бұрын

Thank you. I had never heard of these concepts before

The beginning was a but weird for me since i speak both languages

@saeedbaig4249

7 жыл бұрын

What was the Spanish woman saying?

@joaquinclavijo7052

7 жыл бұрын

exactly the same

@PRADEEP007PRADEEP

6 жыл бұрын

William Vazquez 😂😂😂

@tenienteramires4428

6 жыл бұрын

A todos los que hablamos castellano nos ha explotado el cerebro 😂😂

That part at the beginning was amazing

When he pulled up that DVD I was honestly thinking, gee when last have I seen one of those.

what i experienced on the internet is, that you often have people commenting or replying in spanish even if it is an english video or your own comment is in english. i'm german, but i don't answer everything in german. are spanish speakers just to proud or what is it, because they are able to respond in english having watched the video in english? the positive thing about this is, that i am seriously considering to learn spanish^^

@LuisGarcia-in7vg

10 жыл бұрын

I noticed that as well, but I assume it is due to the the vast amount of bilingual speakers in both languages, especially in the U.S.

@Kevin_Eder

10 жыл бұрын

Well my spanish friend says most simply don't know english or not enough to hold a conversation. The rest can't be bothered.

How many times did you have to roll the dice to get that outcome for the video?

@Ahmuyr

10 жыл бұрын

chances are 1/6.1/6.1/6.1/6.1/6.1/6 = 1/6^6 which is 46656

@Tyriss01

10 жыл бұрын

They look like they're weighted

@idiatico

10 жыл бұрын

Ahmuyr Thats if each dice has to be a specific value but the just have to all be different so its 1 * 5/6 *4/6 *3/6 *2/6*1/6 so 64 tries I think.

@RisinT96

10 жыл бұрын

Roskal Raskal exactly.

@AnstonMusic

10 жыл бұрын

Ahmuyr You don't even deserve a reply ;)

3:36 of course i know what that is! It's that thing from the "save" button in a lot of games etc!

Your video are so thought provoking! Thank you! This was fun.

3:32 That "[I]n case you don't know what that is." part though. XD

@infa7615

8 жыл бұрын

What IS it?

@aerobolt256

8 жыл бұрын

A floppy disk. He says it in the video.

@uv-cat

8 жыл бұрын

a save button

@swine13

3 жыл бұрын

@@aerobolt256 i find it funny that when the floppy disk was invented, there used to always been this confusion like "why is it called "floppy" when its quite stiff? (For context, floppies were preceded by even bigger, _floppier_ disks which i think were still called floppy disks). Then they would explain to you "yes because compared to the hard drive in the PC, this is floppy. And furthermore, if you take out the _actual_ disk inside it.." Hold on... what? So you pulled back that clip up top and you could actually pinch out what I can only describe as a thin circle of cellophane-like plastic. The disk was ruined once you did this, but I remember being blown away by the fact that what I thought was the disk itself was just a plastic case for... _the floppy_ And then, of course, CDs became widely used and compared to them, the floppy disk is floppy in every aspect, so the confusion died away with the technology. 🤔 You know for someone who hated history in school, I sure blab on about it sometimes...

Watching in 2020, didn't realize this was made 6 years ago until 3:00

When we talk, unless you deliberately take long pauses, we don't actually put gaps between our words. We speak a continuous stream of syllables, and the mind of the listener puts the gaps back in. People speaking another language always seem to be talking fast because we don't mentally put spaces between the words (we don't know where they're supposed to be)

I am waiting for the next part!!!

Correct me if I'm wrong - but I think quantum physics throws a big monkey wrench into that last claim of being able to trace back information.

2:10 I thought the "i" replaced with "y" to not mix up with a word "bite"

What a pleasant surprise to catch Michael here

Very cool to put that into perspective for us.

That's Henry, right? Not Grey? Grey can't be caught on screen, right...?

@quinnreierson

4 жыл бұрын

I saw that as well...

@errr-iw4lz

4 жыл бұрын

I’m scared

By the year 2020, Kanye West will become president.

@ErickErickLopez

8 жыл бұрын

oh no 😱😱😱

@imperatorodaenathus9329

7 жыл бұрын

2021* The President is elected by the People in November 2020, The Electoral College decides in December 2020, but he/she is only sworn in/inaugurated in January of 2021. Unless our Lord And Savior Kanye West commits a coup and becomes dictator, which I wouldn't put past the God.

@okaze4757

3 жыл бұрын

wow this aged...weirdly

The way you illustrated the conciseness of English and the similar times between the same amount of information transmitted in both languages, was just... Amazing. And I only stopped at 0:33, there's so much yet to watch :D

5:15 THATS A PRETTY GOOD GREEN SCREENING! THATS AMAZING ACTUALLY! ITS PERFECT! :DDD

The start of the video must be quite hard to watch for people that understand both English and Spanish.

@everdimension

10 жыл бұрын

ha, probably)

I calculated that you got ~1,54% chance to get the dice combination you had. How many tries did you had?

@BrockBeldham

10 жыл бұрын

Unless the dice are of course loaded

@OmarGonzalez-tg9uv

10 жыл бұрын

The expected amount of tries is 64, so not a big waste of time really

@alibakhtiyari9216

10 жыл бұрын

the dices could have the same number on all of their sides

@viquezug3936

10 жыл бұрын

I checked, and by what I could see, they were all standard.

@OmarGonzalez-tg9uv

10 жыл бұрын

You guys do realize that it was done by the computer right?

Ohhhhhhhh ascii codes! I remember learning about those in school. I still use them when I need to use characters that are not on a qwerty keyboard (like letters with accent marks).

4:50 5:01 a tree in the forest to a supercomputer, emr detector and person with an extreme intelligence unseen, makes a noise if it falls in a forest. I once argued this to my friend and they paried with the old insignificance point.

Is that C.G.P. Grey by any chance at 1:19?

@Zazz30

10 жыл бұрын

Nope, Henry Reich from MinutePhysics.

@rafaelarevalo8047

10 жыл бұрын

No, that's Henry from MinutePhysics.

But the real interesting question is: what is INFORMATION? My field, Information Science, does not have a consensus about it. And there's several other fields which have a concept of Information, also with no consensus. Great video, by the way. And great book also. It is a very good starting point.

The video is based on a book of James Gleick. He writes about science with journalist view. No so precise in some cases, BUT a book form the 80s, "Caos" caught my attention as a boy and was my beloved bedside book! It drived my curiosity towards science... The sence of amazement... Same stuff here... (today I am a PhD and quantitative in finance). I am so grateful for that... MUST read this one...

Ahhh...as an old Yahtzee player, that straight flush at 1:30 was a thing of beauty.