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@mikip3242

Ай бұрын

Thank so much for this. I'm an astrophysicist and I can tell you that this kind of outreach is a must need. Very well done and very well explained. Kepler was an outstanding figure and getting to know the reasoning behind his archivement is beautiful.

@Alexagrigorieff

27 күн бұрын

Would be nice to learn how Tycho Brahe is pronounced

@Alexagrigorieff

27 күн бұрын

Also it's "died in vain", not "died in vein"

@Alexagrigorieff

27 күн бұрын

It's "ancients" (anshients), not "ancshients"

@bjorntorlarsson

25 күн бұрын

Why am I not allowed to leave any comments here? Having read Astronomia Nova, I've tried to say something about Kepler's pains with adjusting for the atmospheric refraction of stars' inclination. But none of my comments stick. I feel for unsubscribing. Do you btw copy your videos to Rumble that doesn't have random big government censorship of anything that might've "become politically sensitive" right now, who can guess what next, Kepler?

When you said "you'll have to wait until next episode for that" i was like "nooooooooo! I can't wait!"

@sa-rq2xj

Ай бұрын

Same! I literally said "Nooooo" out loud, even though I know the math, I have not heard this history in so much detail before. I can't wait for next time

@wjrasmussen666

Ай бұрын

No, I won't watch.

@GlorifiedTruth

Ай бұрын

Same here!

@TheRmbomo

Ай бұрын

I was counting on hearing the word barycenter as soon as the 'equant' idea came up. I had a similar reaction when the episode ended.

@bjorntorlarsson

25 күн бұрын

Kepler's Astronomia Nova is freely available as a PDF file online. In its one and only translation to English in 1939. 330 years after its original publication. I suppose because only by the 1930s enough Englishmen had become uneducated enough to no longer be able to read the original. It is quite readable even today. And Kepler uses some sense of humor in it as he describes his laborious process with its setbacks and sudden insights. It is written at the time of Shakespeare! People wrote in an accesible way back then.

Kepler's quote about his own work is right up there with Sir Issac Newtons famous "This theory takes for granted a force that works instantly across infinite distances. Only a madman would belive such a thing" criticism of his own model of gravity that stood for 200 years before Einstein expanded it.

@paradox9551

21 күн бұрын

All models are wrong, some are useful.

@punchster289

20 күн бұрын

@@SahilGhosh no hes right

@EvilDudeLOL

18 күн бұрын

​@@paradox9551 I don't give a damn what anybody else thinks, you are absolutely correct. (I believe I heard a similar quote from a famous scientist)

@vikraal6974

17 күн бұрын

There are two more underrated quotes from Newton. In one quote he says if Gravity works on masses why can't gravity bend light? He was open to the view that light "a massless" entity could be affected by gravity.

@andersjjensen

17 күн бұрын

@@paradox9551 That is a fundamental axiom of the scientific method. You make observations, then you build a model, then you make predictions based on that model and go test them. The model that violates the least observations is accepted until something better comes along. Today we are at the point that most models are perfectly adequate for all engineering work, outside the scientific endeavour of building new scientific instruments to further advance physics. That makes most models either useful, very useful or completely indispensable to our everyday lives.

So basically, Kepler performed a manual gradient descent to find the right parameters for his model, lol.

@WelchLabsVideo

29 күн бұрын

Yeah basically!

@miepic3291

27 күн бұрын

1. ignores greek philosphers 2. ignores incorrect church based models 3. manually does gradient descent for his own model 4. still admits the model is wrong 5. steals his late boss' documents to remodel the entirety of astronomy 6. ends up being right Kepler is such a chad

@bjorntorlarsson

25 күн бұрын

​@@miepic3291 And he complained about Tycho Brahe having used an unsuitable coordinate system (or however it was) forcing Kepler to recalculate every obseravtion adjusting for the atmosphereic refraction, depending on the inclination of Mars and the stars the angle of which its position was measured to. Before even making the data "raw" for his purposes. He complained much about the endless calculations. But his moment of truth was when the same number turned up more than once. Turned out to be the difference between Mars perihelion and aphelion! As I remember reading him, it was the repeating number that got him intrigued, before he realized what it could mean. Writing down figures in tedious calculations day and night. Getting a bit funny in the head and imagining a pattern in the mess. And it turns out to be something real! Later someone wrote him asking him to do the same for Saturn: "- F_ H_ No!! Go F_ Yourself!" /K

@peterfireflylund

22 күн бұрын

@@miepic3291he also wrote a science fiction story + his mother was accused of witchcraft.

@nuance9000

22 күн бұрын

​@@miepic3291Copernicus has entered the chat 😂😢

Nobody has ever explained Kepler's discovery process in this much detail ever before. All textbooks and videos just gloss over it and skip to the final result. Thank you for this wonderful work :)

Johannes Kepler is my favorite machine learning algorithm.

@richardbloemenkamp8532

26 күн бұрын

Does ML include Steepest-Descent, Newton-Raphson and Fixed-Point-iteration too now? That makes ML is a pretty big umbrella-term. We used to call those iterative numerical methods as opposed to analytical methods in mathematics.

@quinius173

26 күн бұрын

@@richardbloemenkamp8532 Yes, machine learning has become a very broad term now.

@mostlyokay

25 күн бұрын

@@richardbloemenkamp8532 I think he is referring to Kepler's brain

@razbender1379

22 күн бұрын

​@@richardbloemenkamp8532 given that he lived before calculus, no

@shrayesraman5192

14 күн бұрын

​@@richardbloemenkamp8532 I mean regression is considered a ml concept so sure this is done by a machine would probably qualify as it learns the weights

I named my cat Kepler. He thinks my life revolves around him.

@hillaryclinton1314

16 күн бұрын

So.. feliocentric? I will let myself out...

@Dhrumeel

16 күн бұрын

@@hillaryclinton1314 Bravo

@dcamron46

7 күн бұрын

Yea but Kepler didn’t think life revolves him…he was not a geocentrist…?

@frankmalenfant2828

6 күн бұрын

His theory postulates that attraction is equal to the quantity of food squared. He constantly lives in a quantum superposition of both fed and starving.

I find it astonishing that Kepler came up with the laws of planetary motions BEFORE the invention/discovery of calculus 🙌🙌🙌

The fact that Kepler's model agreed so well with Brahe's measurements, but still ended up being wrong, goes to show that it is dangerous to fit a model with so many free parameters to so few data points!

@NlsRth

2 күн бұрын

How is Kepler's model wrong??

This is so cool! The idea of doing all this by hand without any digital instrumentation or computation is incredible.

@05degrees

Ай бұрын

@@busimagen Well maybe not all the time in this case! It’s not that hard to figure out (moreso if it’s okay to figure it out to 90% and leave the rest for later) when you already have it and are a proficient mathematician. I hope. Also I hope in that situation the rule wouldn’t just fall from the skies but somebody could’ve been there and dropped a word or two. Or just logarithm tables which I think in our own history always came with instructions.

@wayando

27 күн бұрын

Those guys were genuine geniuses ... And very patient too.

@meltdown6165

27 күн бұрын

Brahe had his own instrument makers at his Uraniborg observatory, I bet that idea would have catched on quickely and be distributed around the scholars of Europe in no time. Edit: just looked up the history of the slide rule, it was invented about 10 years before Keplers death.

Kepler BRUTE FORCING his Mars calculations is kinda badass

Small mistake at 11:40: The years for Ibn al-Shatir should be AD, not BC. Excellent video, a very interesting explanation of the sort of measurements and reasoning that (I assume, discussed in the next video) ultimately led Kepler to arrive at the important missing conclusion from Copernicus' heliocentric model: The orbits of the planets are slightly elliptical, not perfectly circular. But I hadn't ever even heard about equant, and it surprises me, because of how close it gets to the idea of elliptical orbits.

The question is why Moon was neglected in favor of planets. Distance to the Moon can be measured accurately both in relative and absolute terms by triangulation and apparent angular size and it completes twenty times as many revolutions than Mars thus accumulating observation data much more rapidly

@keyofdoornarutorscat

8 күн бұрын

This is a good question. The main reason is that there is no “retrograde” motion of the Moon observed from the Earth (that was measurable with 1600s technology). This is in addition to the Moon’s low eccentricity which made it fit well with the idea of circular orbits (as opposed to non-circular ellipses)

@Galenus1234

5 күн бұрын

Just a guess... To us it is quite straightforward that the same laws apply to all celestial bodies, because we know that for fact. Yet, to the naked eye of a 15th century astronomer the huge circular face of the moon looked nothing like those little wandering specks in the night sky, called "planets". So I can understand that noone even thought about going for the moon's motion first an then applying the moon's laws to the planets.

Wrong kind of vein. It should be "Don't let me die in vain."

@Simpson17866

25 күн бұрын

Mayhap they were using the olde spelling? ;)

Outstanding work! I love the vibe of these old-timey book illustrations. Kepler's crazy 3d frame looking thing MC Escher drawing belongs on a psychedelic rock album cover

@WelchLabsVideo

25 күн бұрын

I should do a poster!

@K0P

25 күн бұрын

@@WelchLabsVideo yes pls!

@moneyheist_-

12 күн бұрын

​@@WelchLabsVideohave you looked into the the geocentric model proposed by Robert sungenis

I love the story from how we went from our ancient understanding of the planets to our current model of the Solar system. It spans thousands of years and so many brilliant minds. There is something beautiful about retracing those steps and watching our understanding of the universe evolve over time. Thank you for covering it! Very excited for the next video

@m7mdyahia

16 күн бұрын

Ancient observation Potelmy Galileo Copernicus Newton Einstein Along with centuries of observation

5:06 Hi to your cat! :)

This is jaw-dropping good content; a masterpiece in the form. I've never seen such a complete yet concise exposition. And the integrated graphics are top-tier.

7:40 That right there is the money shot. The sublime animation graphics & explanation are the USP of this channel. Told me stuff I never knew (but which random dudes in C16 had figured out), and has the grace to actually break the complex geometry down to a level I can grasp. Should be mandatory in every school.

The Mechanical Universe indeed. Copernicus Kepler Jim Blinn You have made a beautiful film here. Thank you

Fantastic video, excited for part two!!

I would LOVE to learn the research process you go through to make these videos. Or become an assistant to collaborate. Total admiration for your amazing work

Really clear graphics and story of the logic.

Loved it! Really appreciate that all the animations are with a black background

extremely excited for the next part. This is so much more complete and fascinating than most retellings that summarize and gloss over in order to get to the conclusions more directly

Oh my word, what a fantastic treatment of this subject. The animations are perfect at explaining these complex ideas. You’ve definitely earned a follower here. Bravo!! 🎉

I've been waiting for this video for 2 decades. Thanks!

Hi Stephen! I've recently discovered your channel and I can honestly say that it blew my mind. The way you are capable of explaining complicated things in an easy-to-grasp manner, the overall quality of the visualizations, the books you show, and the stop-motion sections are all AMAZING. It has quickly become one of my favorite science channels, I've binge-watched most of your videos! It's not often that I comment on KZread videos, but this time I just had to do it. Keep up the great work, mate! Oh, and as a side note, I really would appreciate it if you could take some time to put up links in the description to the music you use on your videos. I recognize some (mostly Satie Gymnopedies/Gnossienes), but I'd love to see a WelchLabs background music playlist :)

"... not to have died in vein" - clearly they did not have spell check for text graphics in 1601

@bjorntorlarsson

25 күн бұрын

Tycho Brahe died on Ven, the small Danish island where he had his home and observatory.

@koharaisevo3666

24 күн бұрын

@@bjorntorlarsson He die in Prague.

@bjorntorlarsson

24 күн бұрын

@@koharaisevo3666 I know. The Swede's looted his grave during the 30 years war!

This level of detail is amazing, keep up the good work, subbed

Great video. Minor spelling error at 1:38: the expression is to not die in VAIN, not vein (which refers to were blood flows and minerals are extracted.

This was an incredible video! Combinations of video and animation were stellar

Excellent. Thank you for doing this. Incredible amount of work.

I really enjoy this stuff because it provides much needed context behind historical advancements and discoveries. Unfortunately science is often taught like magic. No wonder people are skeptical. If someone tried to teach me the physics of 3024 AD without mentioning all of the advances from now until then, I'd be pretty skeptical too. Wait, I found a better analogy. It's like reading a research paper but everything except the conclusion is missing.

i love your videos so much! so well done!

Wonderful video, I love it! Can’t wait for part two 😊

your video(s) is ,by far, the best explained and the videos convey the concept clearly! You do a great job on your videos!

really love your content. history of science is always so fascinating when told well, and you deliver!

Fantastic story teller and oration. History motivated learning further enhances understanding. Thank you for the enlightenment!

That’s quite the cliffhanger. Thanks for making such great visuals.

These history of science videos are awesome!

@Welch Labs just to keep you up to date man your short about the Ptolemaic model is what drew me here... so the shorts are working. Subscribed

@WelchLabsVideo

14 күн бұрын

Amazing thanks for the info - that really is helpful.

Cool ending

Unbelievably amazing story telling! Hats off sir!

having done a highschool course on astronomy that was basically just sides and worksheets, going into depth about kepler’s laws is extremely interesting and i’m already excited for the next ep

@WelchLabsVideo

14 күн бұрын

Woohoo!

amazing video! we need the next part!!!

Both are amazing: The video and Kepler. Thank you.

It is so good to see you doing this awesome work Stephen. You have been a massive inspiration for my channel. Years ago I watched your "Imaginary Numbers are Real" series and it was a mind blowing experience. I realised after watching it that the best and most enjoyable way to understand complex topics is to study the history of their evolution. So I started reading about the history of different ideas and decided to make videos about them. Thank you for being such an inspiration and for continuing the great work. I am really looking forward to your next video!

Great video! Thanks!

Incredible research and explanation. Great work on the visuals, without which we'd be lost in the math.

I usually dislike when we are told just at the end that the video is incomplete and left with a cliffhanger. But your presentation was so well done that instead I immediately subscribed. Great video!

What! Left on a cliffhanger! I had read a little bit of this history before, but I didn't know the details. I can't wait for the next video!

Amazing channel. Amazing discovery process.

Excellent video

Great work

Love it! Thank you

Great video! Really explains the fundamentals

Amazing video! You are getting some details which aren´t even in Cosmos' explanation, which I always found the best of youtube. And now I´m so invested for part four! I teach physics, and I will probably be using this video in the future, at least for the more advanced students. It is also really fascinating how Kepler spent a year doing a computation, that a physics bachelor student with a basic knowledge of Python could do in an afternoon today.

this is SO cool. Thanks for your awesome videos.

Insta subscribed! Can't wait for next episode!

nice editing and visuals!, really helpful when showing noobs about frame of reference transitions.

Putting Kepler's picture on an elliptical frame is tight... 😉 Great videos as always!

The return of the best youtube channel

This is such an awesome video! I always wanted to know what was going on during that time

What a truly awesome video. Are the books you show (like in this one the Astronomia Nova) bought from somewhere or do you print and bind them?

@WelchLabsVideo

16 күн бұрын

Bind them myself - wish I could buy them somewhere!

Frustrating that this only has 10k views a day in. All your videos are excellent.

this video is fantastic! - love from an italian physics student

Oh wow, you're alive. Nice to see

This is an amazing video

I can't wait for the second part

Techo was an exentric guy. Falce nose. Kept a pet moose which got drunk at parties, and died from not going to the bathroom for too long. What's interesting is that he had good reason from rejecting the heliocentric model. You see, if we went around the sun, then there would be parallax with the stars. There is though. But the distance was simply too vast to measure it with him equipment.

Good stuff

Awesome. I wish this could be converted to a series of sorts; a sub-channel maybe where you'd tell how things were discovered. It sure does have a long list, but an extremely interesting one at that.

Man I subbed as soon as I saw the time lapse you did with Stellarium at the start of the video, very nice

@WelchLabsVideo

16 күн бұрын

Thanks! Yeah that was a bit tricky!!

This is very interesting. When I was in college I watched the Carl Sagan Cosmos episode about Kepler and I was really inspired. I made a POVray image of Kepler's first cosmological model.

Here's one professional astronomer congratulating you on an excellent video. Well done. Looking forward to the next video and hoping to see the quote: "Ah, what a foolish bird I have been!"

bro your videos are amazing for late night and you're high AF, please continue making this content ahahahahahaha

Thanks, I think this will be helpful for my physics students next semester.

This is easily the most interesting video I have ever watched on KZread 100 billion out of 100 billion stars. Very good very very good. thank you so much.

This is a great video for a few more that are now possible. To retrace observations of mars ,to show how to collect the data. How to measure the data that's required and why . 2D and 3D models showing the angles , the devices these individuals used to make accurate measurements of that time. To show of were they using the same methods . Essentially ,to get into the shoes of these very brilliant scientists. To show the details of their models and math. You could do a complete series showing all of this.

Honestly I feel like I found a channel similar to veratasium or VSauce. Rare but awesome and informative in an interesting way. Keep up the good work

amazing story history super didactic presentation.

Ahhhh all the custom visualization❤❤❤ Please also make a video about what laplace did with his perturbation theory and discovery of Neptune

Can't wait for ellipses!

Bro this is so beautiful

Super interesting going through the logical development of his ideas

Amazing what could be figured out even without the telescope

11:27 Correction needed - Ibn al Shatir's birth years should be AD, not BC (1304-1375 AD)

14:09 How thick is your index card?

Now that's a cliffhanger!

Well Done, you're quite the astronomy-historian; It's quite unbelievable that people stuck on earth with little/no technology could figured-out how the planets moved millions of miles away. In the end, all motion is relative & sun-centered planet orbits just makes the math easiest

What is that mars tracking program at the beginning showing the sky?

@jvo1464

17 күн бұрын

Stellarium

What?! ... I have to wait until next episode? 😂😂😂

This is a spectacular video, don't know exactly why tho

Theft furthers our understanding of the universe.

such good

That’s actual Harrison county TX, Harris county would be near Houston, I actually live west of Marshall Tx in a little town called Hallsville, which is in Harrison County. That’s neat that your kin is from my neck of the woods, all my family on my father’s side “Oney” is from Marshall Tx

Could you please recommend me some book with the conceptual discussions of the celestial mechanics revolution?

Thats a better cliffhanger than all marvel films!!

the second part of the story is the one told my all astronomy professors: "it's right but it feels wrong"