How does a thermos work?
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📄𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:
As you know, a thermos keeps the temperature of a liquid inside it the same. If we want to make a thermos, we need prevent or minimize heat loss from the liquid. In other words, we need to minimize heat transfer from the liquid to the environment.
Heat transfer occurs in 3 main ways: convection, conduction and radiation. In convection, heat is transferred by movement of the fluid’s molecules whereas in conduction, heat flows through a body.
If we make a gap between 2 bodies and remove the air particles that can transfer heat, we can minimize heat loss by convection and conduction. So, in a thermos there are 2 bodies and there is a vacuum-containing region between the bodies. Also, in order to minimize convection, we need a stopper.
Besides these means, heat can be transferred by radiation. Thermal radiation can pass through a vacuum so a gap with a vacuum between the bodies isn’t enough. But if we silver the inner surface of the thermos (2), thermal radiation reflects back into the liquid and we eliminate heat loss by radiation.
Now we know how a thermos works.
#thermos #heat #transfer