How do oysters make pearls? - Rob Ulrich

Explore how oysters use calcium carbonate to create pearls, and how this chemical compound creates a vast array of other materials.
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Despite their iridescent colors and smooth shapes, pearls are actually made of the exact same material as the craggy shell that surrounds them. Pearls, urchin spines, the shells of mussels, snails and clams, even coral- all these structures are made out of the same chemical compound: calcium carbonate. So how does this single ingredient form such a vast array of materials? Rob Ulrich investigates.
Lesson by Rob Ulrich, directed by Ivana Bošnjak.
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Пікірлер: 472

  • @unknownuser3000
    @unknownuser3000 Жыл бұрын

    One day someone will make a horror movie based on giant oysters turning humans into pearls. And I'll watch every second of it.

  • @ModeFin

    @ModeFin

    Жыл бұрын

    At least they die pretty 😂

  • @undeadladybug7723

    @undeadladybug7723

    Жыл бұрын

    I wouldn't be surprised at all if Japan did that, since they already have a movie where people turn into snails

  • @smallspace7

    @smallspace7

    Жыл бұрын

    🥶😮

  • @ebubechiibegbula5968

    @ebubechiibegbula5968

    Жыл бұрын

    Men you are dark....

  • @cesar.leyvag

    @cesar.leyvag

    Жыл бұрын

    This sounds like something out of Junji Ito's mind!

  • @SuperSylar
    @SuperSylar Жыл бұрын

    So in essence, pearls are the body reacting to an invasive material by coating with a thick substance that solidifies around it. In other words, pearls are pretty balls of hard snot. Good to know!

  • @robulrich757

    @robulrich757

    Жыл бұрын

    I’d argue that they might be zits ;)

  • @boson2916

    @boson2916

    Жыл бұрын

    A perfect layman's terms

  • @user-jw5cu8qk6o

    @user-jw5cu8qk6o

    Жыл бұрын

    Didn't you hear this is just the leading theory? So there's nothing to know, but to believe.

  • @danielcrespo9124

    @danielcrespo9124

    Жыл бұрын

    I do think there was too much talk over something that can be greatly simplified and shorter

  • @annihilate2479

    @annihilate2479

    Жыл бұрын

    God this is going to blow up soon

  • @sirajummonira6874
    @sirajummonira6874 Жыл бұрын

    this is easily one of my favorite animation styles and I love how the content is so precise yet understandable

  • @kirukiru5421

    @kirukiru5421

    Жыл бұрын

    it was actually irritating for the eye. :/

  • @en2336

    @en2336

    Жыл бұрын

    It's dizzying :(

  • @nighthood9184

    @nighthood9184

    Жыл бұрын

    it matches my bedroom, full of man stuffs. & Electronic hobby everyday until night.

  • @ggstylz

    @ggstylz

    Жыл бұрын

    @@kirukiru5421 😂

  • @micahbush5397
    @micahbush5397 Жыл бұрын

    It's worth noting that the vast majority of pearls that form naturally are not round, and most are not gemstone quality, either. Prior to the development cultured pearls, gemstone quality pearls were extremely rare and valuable, so much so that Seneca, writing of the excesses of 1st century Rome, griped about women who wore three-pearl earrings: "This womanish folly is not exaggerated enough for the men of our time, unless they hang two or three estates upon each ear."

  • @bigsmall246

    @bigsmall246

    Жыл бұрын

    The womanish folly hasn't changed much. Modern women just hang different pretty things from their bodies.

  • @fernandaabreu5625

    @fernandaabreu5625

    Жыл бұрын

    @@bigsmall246 It's womanish folly for me lol

  • @mimsydreams

    @mimsydreams

    Жыл бұрын

    @@bigsmall246 And men and others. Piercings are gender neutral. Seneca might have had a heart attack, if he saw gauges XD

  • @GameFuMaster

    @GameFuMaster

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@@mimsydreamsstill womanish

  • @mimsydreams

    @mimsydreams

    8 ай бұрын

    @@GameFuMaster Really? I guess that just means women are braver than men, since we can handle the pain of a piercing and men cower because it's "womanish".

  • @tasha5741
    @tasha5741 Жыл бұрын

    1. Calcium carbonate is common in the ocean. 2. Oysters build layers by filtering calcium and carbonate in the sea water. 3. With special proteins, there are 2 variants of crystal structure produced from this - calcite (external shell) and aragonite (internal layer), which have different qualities. Calcite is more stable as compared to aragonite, and is less prone to dissolving. 4. Nacre (the pearl) is formed as a crystalline structure eventually. This stronger and more versatile form of aragonite is formed when hexagonal bricks of proteins and aragonite are stacked so uniformly that light bounces in a cascade of rainbows.

  • @shadilnazir2001

    @shadilnazir2001

    5 ай бұрын

    Wow perfect revision. Thanks❤

  • @AryaKrishnaMS

    @AryaKrishnaMS

    4 ай бұрын

  • @CheBa.
    @CheBa. Жыл бұрын

    Oysters : "Who dare trespass my property. Thou shall be slowly petrified and incarcerated inside me for eternity ." Humans : "BEAUTIFUL"

  • @fernandaabreu5625

    @fernandaabreu5625

    Жыл бұрын

    Oh no you didnt lololololol

  • @iseytheteethsnake6290

    @iseytheteethsnake6290

    Жыл бұрын

    $ех $3х $!х likes? Sorry mate not gonna click!

  • @mimsydreams

    @mimsydreams

    Жыл бұрын

    Humans seem to ignore all signs of defense from living organisms.

  • @bluehydra2582

    @bluehydra2582

    Жыл бұрын

    @@mimsydreams Like mint. Or chili peppers. Or opium.

  • @Random-sk6hm

    @Random-sk6hm

    5 ай бұрын

    Pearls are the oyster's version of a booger that's encased a pathogen in mucus

  • @wancheng89
    @wancheng89 Жыл бұрын

    I come to learn about pearls but am more amazed about how an oyster came to be. I’m so fascinated to learn that it started out as a larvae, forming a shell around itself (the idea of a tiny bare oyster flesh just floating around never occurred to me before). It makes so much sense. That’s why the flesh is always joined with the shell when we eat any shellfish! Thank you TedEd for reawakening my wonders to life.

  • @Random-sk6hm

    @Random-sk6hm

    5 ай бұрын

    Same with a turtle! It's part of the turtle's body, not independent from it

  • @rinshad
    @rinshad Жыл бұрын

    These animations look like they are created by people who love what they're doing. The narrations too

  • @B3_H0N3ST
    @B3_H0N3ST Жыл бұрын

    Woah I actually always wondered how but always forgot to ask thanks Ted ed for always giving us interesting facts and pieces of knowledge

  • @wildakusliawanlei9709
    @wildakusliawanlei9709 Жыл бұрын

    I am 37 this year and am just starting to be curious of the lifecycle of an oyster and how it produces magnificent pearls. 😂 thanks a bunch Ted-ed for always being a great lecturer ❤

  • @michaellorde8404
    @michaellorde8404 Жыл бұрын

    They control it on a molecular level wow

  • @MrGamerCaptain
    @MrGamerCaptain Жыл бұрын

    it used to be so confusing to me that people prized pearls higher than the shells when i learned that they were the same material. I still find it slightly weird, but I understand people prefer certain shapes now.

  • @fredriknumse8991

    @fredriknumse8991

    Жыл бұрын

    The same material in different shapes or forms can have very different values. An example off the top of my head is wood. You can have a plank of wood, which sure is nice. But you can also have a figure of that same material, which will be worth a lot more even though it's the same material.

  • @adwita224

    @adwita224

    Жыл бұрын

    @@fredriknumse8991 coal and diamond is another set to fit into "same element, different value"

  • @aguyontheinternet8436

    @aguyontheinternet8436

    Жыл бұрын

    @@adwita224 no?

  • @berdwatcher5125

    @berdwatcher5125

    Жыл бұрын

    @@adwita224 The carbon structure in diamonds and coal are different, but i guess its still carbon

  • @dashdots

    @dashdots

    Жыл бұрын

    I pretty sure diamonds are pretty cheap when they’re not cut and polished to perfection

  • @joannagipson12
    @joannagipson12 Жыл бұрын

    I always thought that it was the build up of sand inside the clam that made the pearl. It's good to learn something new! 🦋🦋🦋🦋🦋

  • @perpetualbystander4516

    @perpetualbystander4516

    Жыл бұрын

    Well, I don't consider it a wild guess if you assume that it sometimes starts with a grain of sand, 'cause maybe they can't differentiate that from something else. Just a thought...🤷‍♂

  • @max3eey

    @max3eey

    Жыл бұрын

    Sand is silicone

  • @sijam2m59

    @sijam2m59

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes

  • @hyperchlorite8808

    @hyperchlorite8808

    Жыл бұрын

    @@max3eey Silica (SiO2)*

  • @poggins4480

    @poggins4480

    Жыл бұрын

    @@hyperchlorite8808 💀 ok professor

  • @NoSlaying
    @NoSlaying Жыл бұрын

    this is so interesting, I grew up in the persian gulf, i dived for pearls as part of my tribal heritage using traditional boats and tools

  • @dewilew2137

    @dewilew2137

    Жыл бұрын

    How cool!!! Very interesting! 😃 May I ask what tribe you belong to?

  • @Silliestgooberz
    @Silliestgooberz Жыл бұрын

    Why is no one talking about how pretty this video looks? It’s like a neat little stop motion art/science project.

  • @yellowstarproductions6743

    @yellowstarproductions6743

    Жыл бұрын

    I agree

  • @handyb2000
    @handyb2000 Жыл бұрын

    Literally investigating nacre and shells for my masters so this ted video was a pleasant coincidence

  • @Student-gi4lb
    @Student-gi4lb Жыл бұрын

    Our minds are like oysters, we earn pearls as knowledge

  • @echa9446
    @echa9446 Жыл бұрын

    hats off to the illustrator /animator of this video 💯🙌

  • @farhanaaz_20
    @farhanaaz_2011 күн бұрын

    I mean I just love the way the animation is being presented. Specifically the inside ocean scenery, giving the water vibration ads out of the world experience to it.

  • @earthling_parth
    @earthling_parth Жыл бұрын

    This was one of the most impressive animation styles TED-ED has ever deployed. Hats off to the animator 👏

  • @robynbrowne1277
    @robynbrowne1277 Жыл бұрын

    As a marine biologist this took me back today undergrad days of invertebrate zoology

  • @cronie8207

    @cronie8207

    Жыл бұрын

    Hi! Just curious what do you as a marine biologist usually do?

  • @strange_and_magnificent
    @strange_and_magnificent Жыл бұрын

    Ted-Ed is the best teacher.

  • @yellowstarproductions6743

    @yellowstarproductions6743

    Жыл бұрын

    So true

  • @caioesteves1520
    @caioesteves1520 Жыл бұрын

    this channel is absolutely perfect

  • @ahmedmunsif2110
    @ahmedmunsif2110 Жыл бұрын

    The production value in his video is just 😮❤

  • @Indresh2468
    @Indresh2468 Жыл бұрын

    The CO3 in the water which helps build the shell, also degrades the shells when in abundance (carbonic acid).

  • @zackakx5807
    @zackakx5807 Жыл бұрын

    One of the beautiful arts of nature ❤️.

  • @leonti0027
    @leonti0027 Жыл бұрын

    amazing how perfectly spherical they make it. Nature is cool af

  • @Closetedboogieman
    @Closetedboogieman Жыл бұрын

    So many oysters, so few pearls ❤

  • @QaziAbbas7483
    @QaziAbbas7483 Жыл бұрын

    You know the video is good when prof. urchin teaches you about pearls.

  • @luciddream5055
    @luciddream5055 Жыл бұрын

    I just recently thought about this. Thanks for sharing this

  • @reginateng2048
    @reginateng2048 Жыл бұрын

    The animation on this one is impeccable.

  • @FaizanQurashi-bc2zu
    @FaizanQurashi-bc2zu Жыл бұрын

    Great knowledge delivered to public. Very nice experience while searching for the formation of a pearl. I heared a myth in my childhood that when first rain drop enters a sea shell it converted to a pearl. But those all are myths anyway

  • @banksofbarcelona3893
    @banksofbarcelona3893 Жыл бұрын

    The sound of the oyster closing like a giant door. Awesome

  • @h2amster328
    @h2amster328 Жыл бұрын

    YOOOO! Art direction of ted-ed vids are always on point!!!!!!!!

  • @shamuka19
    @shamuka19 Жыл бұрын

    My name - Shamuka, means oyster and this vid made me so happy

  • @TristanSamuel
    @TristanSamuel Жыл бұрын

    "Ooh, cool rock! Let me get a closer look..." *Proceeds to get turned into a pearl*

  • @ookeybookey7955
    @ookeybookey7955 Жыл бұрын

    I love this stop motion animation!

  • @pranaypallavtripathi2460
    @pranaypallavtripathi2460 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for solving one if my childhood mystery !!

  • @midimusicforever
    @midimusicforever Жыл бұрын

    What a pearl this video was!

  • @williamjayaraj2244
    @williamjayaraj2244 Жыл бұрын

    Thank you for this wonderful video Ted-ed.

  • @SweetWatch
    @SweetWatch Жыл бұрын

    Great Great Great & Lovely effort for explanation, thanks a lot

  • @strawberry_moon187
    @strawberry_moon187 Жыл бұрын

    I was always curious about this!

  • @amritanshumonarch
    @amritanshumonarch Жыл бұрын

    The visuals kept remembering me of my childhood. ♥️

  • @xhok
    @xhok Жыл бұрын

    been waiting for this one!

  • @humanaku9135
    @humanaku9135 Жыл бұрын

    The presentation is excellent on this one!

  • @bunnyshy
    @bunnyshy Жыл бұрын

    OK but why is the thumbnail a picture of a pearl in a scallop

  • @user-bp4nv3qp4d
    @user-bp4nv3qp4d Жыл бұрын

    Astounding information😃

  • @LetsLearn_with_Param
    @LetsLearn_with_Param4 ай бұрын

    Informative 🙂

  • @TSHEKHAN
    @TSHEKHAN10 күн бұрын

    So random, but SO SATISFYING. 😊

  • @maxhill9254
    @maxhill9254 Жыл бұрын

    Great information and and animation

  • @src3360
    @src3360 Жыл бұрын

    The human body does this. It calcifies foreign things in the body. A "stone baby" is a incredibly rare pregnancy that dies inside and never expelled, the body covers it in calcium and it becomes a stone. Usually found years and years later. Look up pictures, its pretty amazing, sad but amazing...

  • @Random-sk6hm

    @Random-sk6hm

    5 ай бұрын

    Same with boogers. That's just a foreign invader that's been encased in mucus and later solidified. Pearls are essentially an oyster's boogers.

  • @src3360

    @src3360

    5 ай бұрын

    @@Random-sk6hm I can see what your saying lol

  • @claudioestevez1028
    @claudioestevez1028 Жыл бұрын

    There are pearl farms in different parts of the world, so it seems to be a very solid theory if the results can be reproduced so consistently.

  • @hollawar1391
    @hollawar1391 Жыл бұрын

    woww very impressive animation style and cool chemical explanations! Thanks :)

  • @subtrue3882
    @subtrue3882 Жыл бұрын

    Another curiosity being solved by TED🙌

  • @ayushirathore05
    @ayushirathore05 Жыл бұрын

    Although it looks easy but it takes sometimes years for them to make one pearl . As said 'everything can cause irritation' and hence not every pearl is round and beautiful . Hence, pearls are rare, south sea pearls are one of the most expensive ones.

  • @SingiIII
    @SingiIII Жыл бұрын

    Wow,Beauty really is on the inside.❤

  • @rakhsingh6060_
    @rakhsingh6060_ Жыл бұрын

    Well praises for the artwork of mother nature

  • @jayvaghela9888
    @jayvaghela9888 Жыл бұрын

    I turned off captions to watch every inch of screen of this beautiful video.

  • @Bob-je3kx
    @Bob-je3kx8 ай бұрын

    So basically pearls are deep sea kidney stones

  • @EmiliaKahavila

    @EmiliaKahavila

    25 күн бұрын

    😂😂

  • @CoranceLChandler
    @CoranceLChandler Жыл бұрын

    The same way we make ulcers, time and dedication

  • @joramarentved
    @joramarentved Жыл бұрын

    ON Any Level!

  • @MarcoMalfario
    @MarcoMalfario8 ай бұрын

    How would they react to the irritation caused by intrusive sand if they have no central nervous system?

  • @rainbowcake8650
    @rainbowcake8650 Жыл бұрын

    Is there a video you have on oysters life cycle? If no it could be a nice idea^^'. Alo love this video>3

  • @snehapai5049
    @snehapai50498 ай бұрын

    Can you please tell more about gemstones and it's raw form?

  • @dailynewsroom
    @dailynewsroom Жыл бұрын

    This video is a good education for me...

  • @graceguenette2723
    @graceguenette27239 ай бұрын

    That’s is really really cool good job

  • @CollinsPeterTz
    @CollinsPeterTz Жыл бұрын

    I Always Wanted To Know This Thank You TED

  • @DSFtfghjfgf
    @DSFtfghjfgf Жыл бұрын

    So you see, when a Mommy Clam and a Daddy Clam love eachother very much...

  • @REALLY-EZ-PZ

    @REALLY-EZ-PZ

    Жыл бұрын

    …they make a smaller clam.

  • @theenlightenedone1283
    @theenlightenedone1283 Жыл бұрын

    *There is a myth in Pakistan among the old folks that the oyster takes the 1st drop of rain and turns it into a pearl*

  • @Fundamental_Islam.
    @Fundamental_Islam.5 ай бұрын

    In paradise there are homes made out of a single hollow pearl

  • @babitamishra7840
    @babitamishra7840 Жыл бұрын

    This animation style is so so beautiful♥️

  • @Koltronn
    @Koltronn Жыл бұрын

    A little confused at 1:15, I thought that adding CO2 to the atmosphere and that being dissolved into the ocean actually created carbonic acid which attacks CaCO3 in the ocean and makes it harder to build shells

  • @robulrich757

    @robulrich757

    Жыл бұрын

    There are a few steps to the chemical reactions that occur. Carbonic acid then dissolves to make a proton and bicarbonate. That bicarbonate then further dissolves to make another proton and carbonate. These different chemical components all co-exist and the proportions of each depend on the pH. "Ocean acidification" as a term isn't really accurate to describe what is occurring. Instead, what is technically happening is that the ocean is becoming less alkaline, which means that the increasing amount of CO2 going into it now, is removing the bicarbonate and carbonate that are needed for shell-forming. Does that make sense?

  • @GenderFluidDragonKing
    @GenderFluidDragonKing Жыл бұрын

    Oysters have to be one of my favorite animals now that is so metal they turn their enemies / predators into jewelry

  • @sivasacimumporn1608
    @sivasacimumporn1608 Жыл бұрын

    thanks for your time up loading vdo

  • @sivasacimumporn1608

    @sivasacimumporn1608

    Жыл бұрын

    i don’t trading anything with yOU i don’t trading who have scambag mind set on hidden agendas and treating other badly

  • @HangNguyen-gn7bi
    @HangNguyen-gn7bi Жыл бұрын

    so interesting

  • @deanab-se5op
    @deanab-se5op Жыл бұрын

    Cute animation

  • @imoutodaisuki
    @imoutodaisuki Жыл бұрын

    3:25 eyyy bestagons!!!

  • @SoulReaver
    @SoulReaver Жыл бұрын

    More Demon of Reason, please!

  • @kavithakavitha990
    @kavithakavitha990 Жыл бұрын

    One of the best science animatory channel in the world 😃👏

  • @UraidTariq
    @UraidTariq Жыл бұрын

    Very well-researched and fine-made video this is. Keep it up Ted-ed

  • @1969kodiakbear
    @1969kodiakbear Жыл бұрын

    Pearl. Broca's area, or the Broca area is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere, usually the left, of the brain with functions linked to speech production.

  • @awena8295
    @awena8295 Жыл бұрын

    This is a question that my 4th grader asked me last week 🥺

  • @KoeSeer
    @KoeSeer Жыл бұрын

    human: look at this beautiful beads oyster: that's a coffin for a worm parasite trying to attack me

  • @Brian-ux3jx
    @Brian-ux3jx11 ай бұрын

    So the obvious question is...why dont they just make the outter layer of their shell out of Nacre( or whatever its called) if it is the strongest material they produce? Probably takes too long or uses too much energy im assuming.

  • @rekhashankhi5864
    @rekhashankhi5864 Жыл бұрын

    You are truly speaking 🔊

  • @someordinaryperson6222
    @someordinaryperson6222 Жыл бұрын

    Damn that's so cool

  • @nirmalakarri3733
    @nirmalakarri3733 Жыл бұрын

    "The pearls beauty is made as a result of insult"

  • @ritajohannessen9804

    @ritajohannessen9804

    Жыл бұрын

    Thats what God does with us, to make us humble

  • @l.am.legend
    @l.am.legend Жыл бұрын

    nice

  • @prashish750
    @prashish750 Жыл бұрын

    and that is amazing …

  • @koscarlynn
    @koscarlynn Жыл бұрын

    Weeeeeeeeell damnnnn I was NOT expecting pearls to be leftovers

  • @jonbilgutay2
    @jonbilgutay2 Жыл бұрын

    So when you get right down to it, a pearl is a shiny spherical scar.

  • @Hazel.dewdrops
    @Hazel.dewdrops9 ай бұрын

    Me and my sister opened a clam today, it was still producing its pearl so we just got a bunch of liquid

  • @RobinOm27
    @RobinOm27 Жыл бұрын

    wow!

  • @zekebuboltz4065
    @zekebuboltz4065 Жыл бұрын

    Hey, I was wondering if I could use your images and animations for a school project, I will give credit. If not, I understand. Thank you for the high quality videos!

  • @hepsibaharish8509
    @hepsibaharish8509 Жыл бұрын

    Super.👍👍👍👍👍

  • @abhistraj4284
    @abhistraj4284 Жыл бұрын

    Cool

  • @DB-me7ol
    @DB-me7ol Жыл бұрын

    I wonder if the Kings and Queens that wore pearls ever thought of them as results of intrusions. As defense mechanisms…it reminds me of Elizabeth I who as some historians say wore such poisonous make up that irritated and ate her skin (and might have killed her)…beauty always find some correlation with pain and irritation.

  • @ghostderazgriz

    @ghostderazgriz

    Жыл бұрын

    pearl and nacre is a relatively recent discovery. The last 100 years type of deal, so likely old heirs didn't know or didn't think of this possibility. Also, to my understanding, it was not uncommon for members of a royal court, bourgeois, or high house, to experiment with chemical substances to produce make-up. It was the norm for many parts of europe.

  • @Neet-gl5ch

    @Neet-gl5ch

    Жыл бұрын

    @@ghostderazgriz Wait, but people have been making artificial pearls for a long time now, no?

  • @Anonymous-qx9hs
    @Anonymous-qx9hs Жыл бұрын

    Life is fascinating.

  • @dinhquan107
    @dinhquan107 Жыл бұрын

    wonder how this art style was made

  • @minecraftplayer5391
    @minecraftplayer5391 Жыл бұрын

    Interesting🤔.