I use a free astronomy software called Cartes du Ciel. It uses no star catalogs other than GAIA DR3. I have nearly every star in the sky down to magnitude 21, with full astrometry on every star. Distance (parallax), spectral type, proper motion, radial velocity, and GAIA catalog number. No matter what telescope I use there's no star in my eyepiece that isn't in Cartes du Ciel with GAIA DR3. GAIA has constructed a 3D map of the Milky Way in motion to analyze star associations, origins and destinations. GAIA discovered that several billion years ago, the Milky Way ate a smaller galaxy called Gaia Enceladus, whose stars are different than native Milky Way stars, both in motion and chemistry. By coincidence our solar neighborhood is particularly dense in nearby Gaia Enceladus stars. The sun, however, and our solar system are native Milky Way.

@noelstarchild

17 күн бұрын

That is a fascinating piece of information. Are the Gaia Encelladus stars more or less metallic than the Milky Way stars. At an educated guess I would say less?

@ashleyobrien4937

16 күн бұрын

cool, then you should be able to tell us roughly how many yellow dwarf stars are within say 100 light years of us. We are told that red dwarfs are not likely to have habitable exoplanets due to flares, what I'd like to know is on the H.R. diagram of star types, what types are smaller than our sun but large enough to NOT be flare stars, that could host habitable exoplanets. To my way of thinking, these types are really the only targets we should be expending resources on, looking for life or capable of being inhabited in the future...

@galaxia4709

16 күн бұрын

Do you happen to know something about the chemistry of the other stars?

@noelstarchild

16 күн бұрын

@@ashleyobrien4937 Am with you there, but until we can learn to fold spacetime, speed of light travel for massive starships is a stumbling block. Detecting life is the more viable prospect.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Build the Milky Way Wall Damn immigrant stars taking our JUBS

Gaia data works its way into so much science. It really has made a foundational contribution to astronomy.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Hear Here -- Preach on brother -- Thumbs' up

Amazing! The more technical Dr Holl gets, the more amazing the engineering is revealed to be.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Fraser was soaking up his information instead of talking. Fraser only got 2 -- Thats an interesting question -- out of him

@BerryHoll

15 күн бұрын

@@RectalRooter and @richardmarkham8369 Hi yes, even though I really enjoy talking about all the details I was initially trying to avoid too much of it (not to get too technical), but indeed Fraser kept asking about more details, which was really fun to talk about! Great to hear you enjoyed that too. I really believe Gaia is a technical wonder so I am happy I got that across in this interview.

@RectalRooter

15 күн бұрын

@@BerryHoll You did a good job by being able to explain how and why the telescope works. Keep up the good job and thank you for teaching us something new.

The animation of how the CCD collector works, showing how the precise rotation rate allows for the operation of the telescope, and why it can’t continue science operations without refueling was a particularly interesting part of the conversation.

@sadderwhiskeymann

16 күн бұрын

Indeed! At the same time, sad. My simple, untrained mind was screaming "send it some fuel"!!

Thanks for this amazing interview! And greetings from the ESA Control Center in Darmstadt, Germany! I actually started watching the video from the room where Gaia is operated. A colleague just send me this video in the moment I was investing an issue with the Mission Control System… Anyways, in case you can’t get enough of Gaia - there is also a lot of interesting facts about operations of Gaia. Just two examples: To make a super-precise observation, you not only require crazy accuracy in both orbit and attitude - you also need perfect time stamping of your observations! Therefore Gaia even has an atomic clock onboard! Also, there is periods of time during which the Galactic Plane enters Gaia’s field of view. As Gaia is tracking every single bright object, it generates much more data than usual which can be more than 60gb per day! To downlink all this data we require 24/7 groundstation coverage to somehow get all data downlinked to Earth.

@RectalRooter

14 күн бұрын

I'm not sure if Gia would be able to see " I'm guessing " such a dim object. Mr. Holl said Gia can see magnitude 21 brightness and above. Again guessing - The objects in our solar system aren't bright enough to work out any outside gravitational forces acting on us. Do you member Mr. Holl talking aboot the Afro-Universe hole was discovered because the orbiting star was doing some break dancing orbits around it ? lol

One of the best episodes. It's obvious your interest in the topic. What made this episode is you let him talk and discuss. Very well done Fraser. This was, in my opinion opinion, your best interview.

@frasercain

15 күн бұрын

Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it.

I really appreciate that Dr. Berry Holl, got super technical. I wish he would have kept talking. I'm not an expert in this area, but it's super interesting to me.

Berry was very informative! THANK YOU SO MUCH!

Aloha. Yep. GAIA rules. It helps so many astronomers from all corners of their subject.

He looks like the mystery character in an old Superman movie, who you think is going to be a villain, but then in Act III he saves the day

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

hahaha Now that you mention it --- Totally right lol

@beastinshow2362

16 күн бұрын

McGruber!!1

@ncdave4life

8 күн бұрын

He looks like the "most-European" European man ever.

Summary: Mission Overview: - (0:00) Gaia is a space telescope mapping the Milky Way by observing the positions, motions, and properties of billions of stars. - (0:18) It provides a comprehensive 3D map used for diverse astronomical discoveries. How Gaia Works: - (6:49) Located at the L2 Lagrange point, Gaia orbits the Sun alongside Earth, avoiding obstruction by the Earth and Moon. - (7:07) It spins every six hours and uses two telescopes with a wide field of view, observing every part of the sky multiple times over its mission. - (7:53) The resulting data is sparsely sampled, creating challenges for analysis but providing rich information. Gaia's Capabilities: - (11:28) Astrometry: Gaia precisely measures star positions and distances using parallax, achieving unprecedented accuracy. - (13:00) Proper Motion: By observing stars over time, Gaia detects their movement across the sky. - (16:42) Radial Velocity: A spectrometer measures the stars' motion towards or away from us (redshift). - (18:49) Photometry and Spectroscopy: Two photometers provide data on star brightness and color, aiding in classification and rough chemical composition analysis. Limits of Gaia: - (22:28) Limited by its sensitivity, Gaia can only observe about 2 billion stars, representing 1% of the Milky Way. - (23:48) Although capable of detecting exoplanets, its sensitivity limits discovery to larger planets like Jupiter and above. - (40:41) Gaia's mission will end soon due to depleting thruster gas, expected in early 2024. What Comes Next: - (49:13) Gaia NIR: A proposed successor mission aims to perform similar observations in near-infrared wavelengths, enabling observations of stars hidden by dust and expanding the survey's reach. - (55:09) Other Potential Missions: Future possibilities include even more sensitive astrometry missions and space-based interferometry to directly image exoplanets. Surprising Discoveries: - (33:02) Gaia has enabled the measurement of the Solar System's acceleration around the galactic center. - (35:37) It has revealed stellar streams and groups, providing evidence of past mergers with the Milky Way. - (34:24) Gaia data contributed to mass estimates of the Milky Way based on the velocity of stars on escape trajectories. - (30:18) An unexpected discovery was the classification of many galaxies based on their variability as a function of Gaia's scanning angle. Overall Impact: - (38:25) Gaia has provided a wealth of data, democratizing astronomy by making it accessible to a wider range of researchers. - (37:52) It has led to a deeper understanding of the Milky Way's structure, evolution, and stellar populations. - (41:51) Gaia's legacy will continue to fuel astronomical discoveries for years to come. i used gemini 1.5 pro

@EinsteinsHair

16 күн бұрын

40:41 I think "beginning of next year" means early 2025, not 2024

Hey Berry, great talk. I enjoyed it 😁

@BerryHoll

15 күн бұрын

Hi Kris! Thanks, it was a pleasure and honour to be interviewed by Fraser, I am happy you liked it.

@Siskovski

15 күн бұрын

Haven't seen you in awhile 😞 great to see Gaia mission flourishing and broadening it's potential

I love GAIA too.

@alphacen3465

14 күн бұрын

It's Gaia not GAIA :-)

Thank you so much for this beautiful interview, it is so nice to hear two persons speak with so much passion about what they love. Dankjewel Dr. Berry Holl

Dr holl is so interesting i hope that he will comeback for another itw soon

LOVE GAIA, Loved this interview! Thanks guys!

Your interviews are great, Fraser and team. Thank you for your hard work.

YESSS, Gaia is the absolute best!!!!

That was great to also hear all these technical details, shows how much work goes into these missions to get out the best quality results. Just amazing

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Yeah. He brings to life how streamlined Gia was able to be designed too and the build quality ended up helping extending it's working life

His hair is magnificent

*SPACE EXPLORATION LEADERBOARD* The telescope laypeople know about: Hubble, and now JWST The telescope that gets mentioned in basically every astrophysics topic: GAIA The telescope which is the most under-rated: Chandra XRO The telescope which is the most hyped: JWST, and now Vera Rubin The telescope which has surpassed its original mission objective by the largest margin: Voyager 1, Hubble, or Opportunity depending how you measure it The shortest-lived telescope to collect groundbreaking data: Venera 7, Galileo Entry Probe, or Huygens _I realize that I'm really stretching the definition of telescope at this point._

Gaia for president!

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

A president spinning around in circles yelling Yee yee Is that not trump ?

This upload gets a big WOW! Good job Mr. Cain. My favourite too. GAIA, parallax is beyond imagination.

GAIA makes a beautiful spirograph

Super interesting, especially the technical details.

Thanks Berry. Thanks Fraser.

Your interviews and content overwhelm me with joy.

this interview was by a lot my favorite. from interesting and exotic findings to complex engineering and programming, Dr Holl explains it all

Would be great to do a technical deep dive into the engineering (HW, SW & Mech) used to build and run GAIA. Just a few tantalising hints in this video!

What comes next? I like Dr. Holl's hope for an instrument that can get angles 100 times more precise than Gaia. If we can solve the highspeed data problem over distance, it might be good to have three or more identical probes at the Sun-Saturn L3, L4, and L5 points. This would let us get accurate parallax well beyond the distance of the Small Magellanic Cloud, and very accurate distances to stars on our side of the galaxy. We could probably get that together by 2060, with results around 2070. Longer term, if we could get similar instruments around Proxima Centauri, Barnard's Star, and Wolf 359, we'd be able to get accurate parallaxes to the nearer quasars and be able to highly refine our cosmological models.

Great episode, many thx

Eventually it was put in words. About 40% of all future papers will be written based on Gaia. There was the project leader in house of astronmy in Heidelberg some years ago ... somply great!

Very interesting, thank you !

Wow... the best interview ever. 👍

When both share the screen at same time is better in my opinion.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Oh oh sounds like an internet stalker wanting to see more Fraser hahaha

Once it runs out of thruster fuel, can the optics be used in a lesser capacity until the craft stops functioning?

❗️ @1:00:00 EXACTLY what I’ve been asking: constellation of satellites at L2, L4, L5 of BOTH Jupiter and Mars - that also have laser distance relay among themselves for precision, accuracy, AND as a super LIGO. Better parallax, better detail as a super constellation of cross-coordinated satellites, and as a virtual super large telescope resolution. ALSO, launch TWO PAIRS (4 total) Gaia-class missions into a polar-Z directions BOTH ABOVE AND BELOW from the solar system plane (in 20 years, the parallax will be insanely detailed). Perhaps launch them in a train as a relay network. And laser based data transfers. I CAN IMAGINE using several Space-X Starship as the central communications hub that each of these constellations use as the primary data relay to Earth.

One of your best interviews, sointeresting. I too think Gaia is the grestest!

What an amazing machine that telescope is.

We need 4x GAIAs put in solar orbit around Jupiter or Saturn distance for greater parallax. Or Pluto for multi generational studies. And I say 4x because we need to look perpendicular to the ecliptic as well.

Hi Fraser Classic legrange question here. Could we not divide the time taken for a future Tess-like survey by three if we stationed identical satellites at legrange points 3,4, and 5? For a mars size orbit it would be 229 days per survey, for Jupiter it would be 4 years. What is more important with these kinds of mission? The extra parallax distance or the frequency of datapoints?

@kennethrichardson1065

11 күн бұрын

I was thinking two in Neptune's orbit. If you try for three, then if one doesn't make it, you still get something usable.

he's fascinating. more !

I like this Spaniard. He is humble and wants to give more info but knows he will suffer. He will probably be running the Spanish Space Admin in the next 20 years.

@hyacinthpixie8054

16 күн бұрын

He's Dutch

Once again, great interview 👍. They are my favourite rock band 😬

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Fraser only got 1 Thats a great question out of him lol Shows how Fraser was soaking up the information instead of talking

Would it make sense to send up a Gaia satellite (or two) to Lagrange point(s) in Neptune's orbit to get a much wider arc to determine the position of stars?

Very nice guest. Good job Fraser!

@frasercain

15 күн бұрын

Great, I'm glad you enjoyed it.

Great video again Fraser...I had you wrong... I thought you were obsessed with DUST!!

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Fraser is.. Maybe because he is at the age of starting to fart DUST

@frasercain

16 күн бұрын

Dust is the enemy

Question: Hypothetically speaking, what's the best resolution image we could make of a terrestrial exoplanet, given all the photons from it that arrive at Earth over an entire year?

Wow, the deviation of the solar system from its obit is cool. But does it mean that it deviates 100 km per year in the direction AWAY from the center of our MW? And how come, is there a lot of mass there that tugs on the sun? Or is it because we are less bound to other stars because we are a little bit above the arm and therefore are a little less following the stream of motion of the stars in the arm? Or are we accelerating because we are on our way of diving into the arm?

Didn't he say Gia has a brightness detection of 21 and higher ? I wonder if seeing dimmer stars fill in the empty space more than near IR. North Star or Pole Star. With an apparent magnitude that fluctuates around 1.98 Maybe those are different ways of measuring

(removing question, it was answered late in the interview. Whoop! So here's a new one...) To what extent have we run into the theoretical resolution limit (1/2 wavelength) for visible-spectrum light? With 2 meter telescopes (i.e. Hubble) at 500nm, that's the 60 milliarc-seconds mentioned.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

ease - weight - money - time - unknowns. I agree aboot waiting for another L2

GAIA is great and all… but so much better is possible. GAIA is limited in that the parallax measurements take six months between shots. It’s like any of us closing one eye, memorizing the scene in front of us, then switching eyes. That humming bird that just flew by will seem gigantic and far away or teeny tiny and very close depending whether it’s flying left-to-right or right-to-left. In the same vein that we use both eyes at the same time next-GAIA should have more than one eye open all the time. We need GAIA cameras at all the compass points around the solar system and off the solar system’s north & south poles. And it could get better all the time by having each travelling at escape velocity outward so the parallax baseline keeps getting longer. Multiple cameras measuring parallax continuously means catching short-lived wobbles in real-time.

So Gaia discovered a Black Hole with a star orbiting around it. Then the illustration shows the Black Hole orbiting around a "center of mass". Wouldn't the Black Hole itself, be the center of mass????

Hey, long time lurker. Recently learned that the moon had an albedo like asphalt. What if it was as reflective as snow? How bright would the night get?

@bertpasquale5616

16 күн бұрын

About 10 times brighter!

I know Gaia doesn't operate in the ideal frequencies, but were any observations of Oumuamua made by Gaia? Would a longer wavelength IR version of Gaia (GaiaIR+) be good for cataloging near Earth asteroids?

@RectalRooter

14 күн бұрын

I'm guessing - No - Mr. Holl said magnitude 21 brightness and up. I think Obamamuamua would be too dim

Please get Technical! :D

@frasercain Just as the earth has periodic meteor showers due to its path around the sun, can the Gaia data tell us when in the solar system's galactic travel it might have experienced or will experience greater meteor collisions? The path around the black hole that is depicted and the discussion of the cluster passing through the milky way is suggestive that there may be points in our galactic orbit that may be more dangerous than others.

I love telescopes. Wish we spent more on them.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

I'm collecting funds for the Fraser Space Telescope. How much money can you send me ? lol

📍 Astrometrics lab (like Seven of Nine or Data’s labs in Star Trek) will be great. Overlay of all types of data from the glass plate photos, Hubble, etc. for query and hypotheses. Even raw data and alternate noise reduction models from Gaia. Artificial Intelligence , etc. ❓ I’m curious how various standard candles are used to maintain calibration. If distant galaxies are stable in color and position, then correlate the data capture on Gaia’s angle of data collection…

I have a question: I know that in order to determine the shape or the universe there are two ways; either draw a *giant* triangle and measure the sum of its angles or see if two parallel lines stay parallel. How on earth (pun intended) did we do that?? Surely I'm missing something. Can you please explain?

@RectalRooter

14 күн бұрын

Has the universe's shape been figured out ? From what I member, there a many possibilities but nothing proven "" If it ever can be "". I volunteer you to be shot out of the universe and tell us what you see lol

@sadderwhiskeymann

14 күн бұрын

@@RectalRooter it's flat with 0,2% margin of accuracy

@RectalRooter

14 күн бұрын

@@sadderwhiskeymann hahaha 👍

I keep hearing about primordial black holes that are the size of atoms. If I got that right how does something that small have enough mass that light can’t escape? What happens if it runs into say a large iron asteroid does it swallow up the asteroid, or does the mass of the asteroid overwhelm the black hole and cause it to evaporate?

@RectalRooter

14 күн бұрын

I understand what you mean. I member all the blackhole trendy titles aboot CERN. If others can chime in - if I'm wrong in my attempt of an explanation. I personally doubt tiny Afro-Universe holes are a real thing. Have you seen shows that talk aboot what would happen if they are real and 1 entered a star or Earth ? I think the conscious is, we wouldn't know aboot it. Member Atoms are relatively full of empty space and Afro-Universe holes can only eat so fast and spit out jets of leftover matter shooting out from it's poles.

Given the extended mission length will the motion of the solar system within the Milky Way galaxy give a longer baseline than the 2 AU baseline formed by rotation about the sun?

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Can you reword ? I'm not following

@chrisclark6154

16 күн бұрын

@@RectalRooter The sun is moving around the galaxy's core and over the length of Gaia's mission will the spacecraft have moved further away from its starting point than the 2 AUs that it moves when considering only its orbital movement about the sun.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

@@chrisclark6154 Ok Ok.. Got it. It's a length vs width thing. We might be able to do the math from what is said in the video. The guy mentioned how fast our solar system is moving - So that times the 10 years in service and then subtract what 2 AU's are.. Right ?

With such a finely-detailed, wide angle general survey; is anyone looking out for "Planet X", or other solar-system objects? Surely their images must be captured too.

Wouldn't it be more cost-effective to send refueling missions to rendezvous with our multi-billion dollar spacecraft (presuming we would design them to accommodate such missions), doubling or tripling their effective mission lives?

I was not sure if this is the right place to ask to get my question picked up but, I just watched the Anton petrov video on glueon balls, could they account for part of dark matter?

Your favorite until Vera Rubin comes on line next year. No disrespect to Gaia it’s amazing too.

If a singularity is an infinitesimal point, why doesn’t it have infinite spin after a star collapses to form it? You know, with the conservation of angular momentum and all… ?

Love GAIA! There's an animation of the stars moving around near our solar system, made using the GAIA data - nearly gave me an anxiety attack.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

I remember that animation. I like the idea that it will get better and more precise with every data set

Where is this week's question show?

@frasercain

15 күн бұрын

I'm traveling. I'll be doing a new show on Monday

Gaia rotates 60 arc seconds per second, so I guess that the stellar images on the detector are not points but lines, right?

@pnorridge

9 күн бұрын

The star images are moved across the CCD at the same rate that the spacecraft rotates - so they stay as points :)

I have no understanding of how 3d cameras work. But it makes me think, is a 3d telescope possible?

What is the Gaia estimate of the mass of the Milky Way?

I think we should make another guy to send out because it is an awesome satellite observer

It blows my mind how much data Gaia has collected over the time of it's mission. I can't help but imagine AI programmes finding new discoveries where humans wouldn't have the time to process all the data.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

is this a record time for someone to mention A.I in the comments hahaha Couldn't help myself

Russell's Tea Cup?

We really should put telescopes to L4 & L5 of Jupiter for a good parallax

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

The parking fee's are too expensive - making the mission uneconomical

How was your trip to Japan?

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

I heard he's turning Japanese lol

@frasercain

16 күн бұрын

Still on it. Fly home tonight

@metalmindedmaniac2587

16 күн бұрын

@@frasercain Nice

Sooooo, james Web can't be refueled?

@frasercain

16 күн бұрын

Nope

@pilotnamealreadytaken6035

16 күн бұрын

@@frasercain seems like a design flaw. Add some quick discounts and hope for a future mission. . . Meh

@bbartky

16 күн бұрын

@@pilotnamealreadytaken6035Remember when James Webb’s design was finalized there was no realistic way to reach it with a crewed spacecraft and robotic spacecraft that could repair or refuel it don’t even exist now. And before anyone mentions Starship, which still isn’t operational yet, this was before SpaceX had been founded. In addition, I don’t have to remind anyone how the costs for JWST ballooned. Adding repairing and refueling capability would have further added to the costs and the time needed to complete it. The Hubble Space Telescope is the exception not the rule because it’s in an orbit that could be reached by the shuttle, unlike JWST. So, they made the right decision at that time and it wasn’t a design flaw.

@frasercain

15 күн бұрын

It does still have the docking ring that it has as attached to the upper stage. So in theory, a spacecraft could fly out, dock with it and provide thrust

@pilotnamealreadytaken6035

15 күн бұрын

@frasercain oh That is a fantastic idea... bring it back in for MX and refurb. 🔥🔥🤜🤛 2045ish.

Stereotypical 90s action movie German bad guy.

GAIA

Your right Fraser i think Gaia is incredible. Do you ever watch The Sky At Night the BBC astronomy show they did great episodes 1 before Gaias launch and another in 2018.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Thumbs up The Sky ate Night is still enjoyable to watch for the 60 some years it has been going

@dominicmcauley9318

16 күн бұрын

I've been watch old episodes on the KZread channel of Martin Mobberley who has uploaded every episode from 1980 until Patrick Moores last episode.

Gaia is such a success we should create a better version.

If we were going to plan to populate the galaxy, where should we head with our von Neumann probes after the nearest stars? Inwards along the galactic arm or hop over towards the next arm?

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Doesn't Area 51 still have the Interstellar Roswell drive ?

Do black holes eat dark matter (seems like they should since gravity is a dark matter clue) and if so why can't we learn more about it by studying this?

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Simple short answer -- Maybe ? ... I don't think we have enough information to come close in answering that question. It's still called dark Matter / Energy because we don't really know anything aboot it. We still have so few ways of being able to observe any of it's interactions with what we can see. Hell .. We don't even know if Dark Energy / Matter is a real thing or just observations we are not understanding

Paralex of 2 AU, not 1

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

lol I didn't notice that until you said it. Everything is so easy when somebody else does the work hahaha

He admitted the Gia team withholds information. I'm starting a rumor that the Gia team is withholding the discovery of a Cryogenic Rouge Planet is heading to an Earth Collison

Does the phrase "black hole" inspire the same kind of jokes in Russia that the name of the planet Uranus does in the English-speaking world?

@RectalRooter

14 күн бұрын

Black hole is not PC acceptable anymore. They want to be called Afro-Universe holes -Grinning -

Does your fiancé watch your video? When you say I can afford to lose it, she is help with that comment. Noticed things are moving back up in you office. 😀

If it were left up to me, I would already be setting up a telescope the size of mars to the earth so it's Fraser Cain doable.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

Smiles Thats a big asperation - Some people are glad your not the Earth Emperor - Forcing a 3rd of the earth to live in 24 - 7 darkness lol

It's designed to attempt to find the gender pay gap.

Sorry. Hubble is undisputed to me.

@sinbadw00t

17 күн бұрын

Not everything is a competition, Hubble opened our eyes to the true scope of the universe a true marvel and undisputed yes! Gaia is opening our eyes to what is immediately around us focusing on our Galaxy the Milky Way... we are still taking baby steps but in the RIGHT DIECTION! Gaia is a revolutionary in its own right! To the exploration and the understanding of our home within the Milky Way - both are incredible marvels opening our eyes to different things... don't be so small minded as to say which is better, BOTH are key to understanding our place within the universe!

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

I gotta say the conspiracy theory aboot the Soviet mission that accidently ended up flinging cosmonauts into outer space is the undisputed best mission. I think there was a radio transmission intercepted by armature radio people

@bertpasquale5616

16 күн бұрын

HST B OG.

@RectalRooter

16 күн бұрын

@@bertpasquale5616 Technically -- The OG space telescope is the American Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO-2) Everyone stand for the American national Anthem

@bbartky

16 күн бұрын

@@RectalRooterThat was debunked decades ago. There are a lot of sources online where you can get more information.