Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF):
What is HFrEF?
HFrEF, also known as systolic heart failure, is a type of heart failure where the heart's left ventricle is unable to contract effectively, leading to a reduced ejection fraction (EF). EF measures the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat.
Causes and risk factors:
- Coronary artery disease
- High blood pressure
- Heart valve problems
- Cardiomyopathy
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Smoking
Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
- Fatigue
- Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet (edema)
- Weight gain
- Coughing, wheezing
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Treatment and management:
- Medications (ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics)
- Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, stress reduction)
- Device implantation (pacemakers, ICDs, CRTs)
- Surgery (heart transplantation, valve repair)
Complications:
- Worsening heart failure
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Kidney damage
- Liver damage
- Death
It's essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to manage HFrEF and prevent complications. With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, individuals with HFrEF can lead active and fulfilling lives.
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