You say "fly safe" but, I really feel like after watching this series I'm not going to be allowed on airplanes anymore. 😔

@mothereric8774

5 жыл бұрын

Leo J. G. Ciaccio ll, That scene in The Pink Panther, but instead of a suitcase full of weapons, your carryon is a Special Atomic Demolitions Device...

@OtherTheDave

5 жыл бұрын

Lol, “fission safe”

@KuraIthys

5 жыл бұрын

Lol. Well, I'm probably on a watch list for the mere fact that I've taken flying lessons. Historically you wouldn't think that matters, but uhh... That whole thing nearly 2 decades ago (you know the one) kinda made being able to fly a plane a point of suspicion. XD Of course, knowing about nuclear physics surely doesn't help either. ... Amongst other things. XD

@nicewhenearnedrudemostlyel489

5 жыл бұрын

With that kind of remark, you seem like a person that wouldn't need to be on a plane anyway. Real miniscule in the grand scheme. Kinda like watching videos about nuclear anything. What kind of country do you think you live in? We revoke freedoms for youtube searches? Its not even a good joke.

@VickiBee

5 жыл бұрын

The first time he said that, on the first video I watched, it scared me out of my wits. Not just bc I know someone who died on Sep-11. He was on the ground though. I also know someone whose husband was on the plane. Flight 93.

Finally the next step in this "how to" series. At this pace I'll never be a superpower.

@nicewhenearnedrudemostlyel489

5 жыл бұрын

5chr4pn3ll superpowers do things themselves, not wait for their favorite internet heroes to give them wikipedia highlights. Stfu.

@5chr4pn3ll

5 жыл бұрын

I was joking about the fact that Scott does such a good job of explaining all this that his audience might be able to make a nuclear weapon in the end. I think you need to pick up a hobby or something instead of being angry for no reason on the internet.

@brainwashedbyevidence948

4 жыл бұрын

@@5chr4pn3ll haha...just hope Isis isn't watching!

Loved the closing pun! Also I loved that line of: “Some argue efficiency is less desirable, because it makes it easier for groups to develop nuclear weapons” , I could imagine the science and engineering team holding a party after some discovery, then someone being like “wait...”!

@null090909

5 жыл бұрын

Another fascinating story is where the uranium used in the Manhattan project came from. Hint: not America.

@jamesforest5245

4 жыл бұрын

null090909 you're gay

All the science is fun but the engineering to make it happen is the real magic.

@tophan5146

4 жыл бұрын

pyropulse String theory turned to be a decades of failure and wasted afford.

@nunyabusiness8538

3 жыл бұрын

scientist discover new worlds. engineers create the world that never was

@ButteredToast_93

2 жыл бұрын

Amen

@defeatSpace

2 жыл бұрын

Just wait until CERN can "print" gold n stuff

@gordonbyron5145

2 жыл бұрын

A few more episodes and I'll build my own

Apologies if anyone has already mentioned this -- a few seconds before the 5 minute point in this video, there's a chart that contains the following peculiar line: "Stable elements with no naturally occurring stable isotopes". Somebody at Oak Ridge wasn't paying quite enough attention to what they were doing, and did the verbal equivalent of omitting a minus sign.

@inund8

Жыл бұрын

Is it supposed to say: "Stable elements with no naturally occurring UNstable isotopes"?

1 million gee? Beautiful. The lengths we'll go to just to get enriched uranium/plutonium. Also, lasers? We're basically at the point where we need to ask the question: what can't lasers do? Instead of asking what lasers can do.

@lmaoroflcopter

5 жыл бұрын

Bad Beard Bill but... Why aren't lasers doing cool shit? kzread.info/dash/bejne/iZmXxpeMYtPYj7Q.html

@mrpicky1868

4 жыл бұрын

have doubts in that number))

@john_bob6466

4 жыл бұрын

First, lasers are doing fun shit like disabling UAV’s, removing tattoos, cleaning the Washington monument, etc., Second, we should use thorium and plutonium instead of uranium. For more info check out Sam ‘o nella’s video on thorium

@HappyBeezerStudios

3 жыл бұрын

Lasers can do cool shit. Like cooling down gases.

Sadly the Codyslab video was removed.

@gradertfamilymakes

4 жыл бұрын

He explained that recently. Was raided by the us government and asked to take all videos about bombs, explosives and nuclear material down.

@DzheiSilis

4 жыл бұрын

Can't let the plebians know how to do the fun stuff

@NeuronalAxon

4 жыл бұрын

@@gradertfamilymakes - No way - I didn't hear anyone talking about that. Do much for the spirit of 1st Amendment, I suppose.

Yepp, enriching uranium-235 is the limiting step, which is why heavy water reactors and graphite reactors for producing plutonium from unenriched uranium is so popular.

Scott Manley. One of the very few people on a utube channel who has the proper formal qualifications to sensibly back up his explanations, in an informative yet very entertaining way. 👍

that is absolute amazing that they only lost that much silver

@Keldor314

5 жыл бұрын

Given the value of silver, it seems likely that they spent a good deal more money than the silver was worth to recover the last few fractions of a percent.

@lukey666lukey

4 жыл бұрын

@@Keldor314 im sure the price of silver has risen over time

@john_bob6466

4 жыл бұрын

@lukey666lukey , yes it has. The price has risen due to the fact we mined all of the big chunks of it. Now, we have to mine lots of material just to get a few grams.

@bloodybritbastard

Жыл бұрын

Oh I'm sorry. We "lost" a couple of kilos.

Greatest video playlist on KZread. These videos remind of my best friend in the US Navy, who was a Nuclear Machinist Mate. We both stood watch at the same time, so between my gauge reading rounds running about our old submarine, I would pick his brain about Nuclear power school and how I was amazed at how we ran our reactor on a theory. Godspeed

Very well done, Scott. I started working at a gaseous diffusion plant in 1990 and went through its shutdown. I have co-workers that worked on Silex and DOE's centrifuge design. Our plant shut down several years ago and we are currently working on D&D.

The silex method is so exotic and beautifully clever. They're somehow using hyperpolarized (nuclear spin purified) parahydrogen Raman conversion cells to shift a CO2 laser's wavelength to the precise infrared resonance absorption line of a U235 to F molecular bond. I would love to know how they prevent things like collisional excitation transfer to neighboring U238-F molecular bonds from ruining the efficiency.

@BeCurieUs

5 жыл бұрын

They actually are having a real problem with heat causing enough change in the hyperfine structure that efficiency is way bellow what they expected from lab tests. A friend of mine was involved with the early efforts and has her name on a couple of patents for these technologies, and she always tells me she loves in with foreign countries try to invest in covert laser enrichment...because they will fail and it will waste their money!

@Muonium1

5 жыл бұрын

Does silex exploit hyperfine structure for separation? I know that's how AVLIS works, or rather...worked, since it's been abandoned, but I assumed silex was purely using the molecular IR absorption wavelength shifts due to isotopic mass difference.

@BeCurieUs

5 жыл бұрын

Like the video suggests, the details are classified. But many people that have their foot closer to this than I do suggest the core principles are basically the same but with better hardware. The rumor mill suggests the heat noise problem still keeps this needing more and more funding..which is a hard ask in this land of excessively cheap uranium.

@Muonium1

5 жыл бұрын

I guess that's one of the reasons why their stock price has utterly collapsed to like 20 cents over the past decade.

@OldFormat

5 жыл бұрын

Are the details a "Born Secret" type of classification? As I understand the concept it's makes certain information classified even if derived independently and hasn't been tested in court.

Initially thought the video was going to cover stuff I already knew about nuclear but there were a lot of interesting details here, good work!

I could listen to your voice all day long. Truly excellent work you do on these videos!

My dad worked at oak ridge, and I got to visit the experimental reactor during that day they have once every 20 years or something where they can take their families to work. Was really cool seeing the reactor pools from the observatory overhead!

@SampleroftheMultiverse

2 ай бұрын

I attended the trade school there and most classes got to see the “swimming” pool reactor. My class missed out on that tour but I did get to take a self-guide Tour of the X 10 reactor by myself. Circa 1981.

YAY, glad to see this series continued (even without CoaDE footage)! Nice job on the research, I learned quite a bit 😉 Worth the wait.

You are the best on these explanations, i really enjoy watching this, keep it up Scott.

Hey dude, it's so nice to come home from work and just watch one of your videos instead of all the man hating stuff. Thanks for being here.

Your knowledge of the nuclear process is amazing. I ve always been fasinated by this and wanted to learn how the nuclei of atoms are made to split and become a different element. I wish the method of creating bombs was never employed but the science of it all is too interesting to ignore. Thanks Scott.

My uncle Robert Livingston worked on the proof of concept project of magnetic isotope separation. He was there when the first visible speck of U235 was created. He noted that the distance between the specks of U238 and U235 was about six inches. Thanks for helping me remember him.

Thanks professor, this series is fascinating, I can't wait for part 7 and beyond.

FINALLY a new episode! Love this series!

Hey Scott, great series on Nuclear Weapons, learning just how much I don't know about them. I was wondering what happened to Galileo Conquest, hasn't been uploaded in a while. Keep up the good work though!

Just a heads up, but if you ever find yourself in the Pacific North West, you can tour the Hanford B reactor. I grew up across thre river from the bloody thing, and it is open to the public now. Absolutely horrifying how crude the damn thing was.

@buckhorncortez

5 жыл бұрын

Crude? State-of-the-art in 1945...

@yukin1990

5 жыл бұрын

Really?

@WhiteThunder121

4 жыл бұрын

@@yukin1990 Nope.

Finally part 6!! Cant wait to watch when I have time this evening!! :D

Scott. Thank you so much. For your intellect and drive to inform. You are an amazing transmitter of information.

YES I love this series so much thank you scott!

Scott, your enriching at the end made the show the bomb! Great job.....

Love the series and all your content. Thanks so much for the share.

LOVE this series! Could go for 10 more episodes 😉

Yessss i missed this series more than you know scott!

Series continues, nice! Instant Like!

Another great informative video, thanks Scott

Great series Scott, thanks!

Cody's video is crazy, hope he will not be sick in the next decade.

Just wanted to mention, my professor showed this video in my Nuclear Propulsion class. I got excited to see when "Scott Manley" showed up. :D

@scott just curious if anyone has contacted you from the state department after doing all the research for these vids? Another enjoyable video never the less =)

Fabulous, you have uncovered rare items in this series. In this video, at 7:00 we see a photograph inside the massive gaseous diffusion plant. Not many pictures of that. Looking forward to the plutonium 239 production inside the "Queen Mary" size buildings at Hanford. Legend has it the radiation was so intense (the process used robots) inside that plant that the concrete became somewhat "spongelike". Woo!

Damn I love this series so much!

after this series, scott was placed on numerous watchlists

Great series I was fearing you put it down

Such a bombastic series.

Dear Scott ...you are awesome...god bless you.

Scott, I bet the FBI agents fight over who gets to monitor you. You are the most entertaining guy to be worried about

Finally. Was wondering what happened to this series...

Well delivered and explained buddy!

Thanks for the info. Now I'm step further into my 'project'.

great video, thank you for making it!

Hey! The Long Dark t-shirt! Good to see other people playing the game as well

Just the thought of electro lazering different atoms into different containers hurts my head. Like HTF? Amazing series!!!!

Another part! And thanks for the video.

Hey Scott, I met you in a Team Fortress 2 lobby 8 years ago. Glad to see u still making videos

@mrpigeon589

5 жыл бұрын

AshGreninjaBC, I never knew he played TF2!

@operator8014

5 жыл бұрын

Mystery Man - He breaths air and does not perform photosynthesis. It's pretty fair to say that he almost certainly played TF2.

@milkhbox

5 жыл бұрын

Operator 801 sorry to kill your hypothesis, but ive never played tf2.

@kael13

5 жыл бұрын

milkbox you must be a plant.

@nicewhenearnedrudemostlyel489

5 жыл бұрын

Sheldon Robertson it happens to everyone im sure, but you typed that in the comment field, instead of the search box.

Yeeeey still loving this series

Excellent video scott

Another great vid thanks! I honestly did a double take when you said 13000 tons of silver wiring!!!! Having said that, one of my customers refines lead, a by product of which is silver, tons of it stored on site!!!

I have driven by the Hanford site many times along the highway... An unbelievable number of mounds for material storage in neat rows

Very enriching. Even though I knew most of the stuff, I still found something new in this series. Also I doubt they will let me on planes.

I found this Outstanding Channel searching YT for the word "urchine" !!!

My enjoyment of this video was amplified once I recognized my favorite ksp guys voice lol

love this series :)

Dear Scott, I know this might seem like an unusual request, but can you tell us about your daily scalp routine? Are you naturally bald or do you shave to maintain baldness? Any moisturisers or oils recommendation for keeping the scalp healthy? That sort of thing Hope you see this, thanks

@scottmanley

5 жыл бұрын

I shave maybe once a week.

@TomKappeln

3 жыл бұрын

@@scottmanley : God shave the Queen ! j/k

I’m from Oak Ridge, TN my dad worked at K-25, the plant where they enriched the uranium for the atomic bombs. He also worked at Y-12 where they made the warheads for America’s nuclear weapons. They don’t build new ones anymore. They bring in old ones and refurbish them or take them apart and use the nuclear material in medical equipment. My dad died of cancer when I was 10. Not really surprising considering where he worked. He was a good employee and never breathed a word of what he did at work.

now this has just greatly enriched my knowledge. --- and put me on most of the watchlists I wasn't already on.

yay i love this series.

How can one man know so much. True inspiration right here!

@khanaliqasim1757

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah very interesting

For my senior science project. I built a full cut away model of a A bomb. My science teacher gave me a B. I told her if I had twenty two pounds of plutonium she be in trouble.

@EduardoEscarez

5 жыл бұрын

"Give me an A+ or we're going to discover if my science project works" xD

@CantankerousDave

5 жыл бұрын

That’s basically the plot of the 80s move The Manhattan Project.

@impguardwarhamer

5 жыл бұрын

and thats what this episode was about, building an atom bomb isn't that hard. Refining and enriching the fuel is.

@user-lv7ph7hs7l

5 жыл бұрын

Well depends on the bomb but getting the shape and mixture of the explosives in a classical implosion bomb exactly right is probably some seriously hardcore maths. But you can always do gun-type one. Probably not that hard, just very wasteful if you are limited in your amount of fissile material.

@kevlarandchrome

5 жыл бұрын

You're right on the gun type being fairly easy, but extremely inefficient. The big problem with implosion isn't the explosive itself, it's getting all the explosive to detonate at the same time. The timers are as highly classified as the centrifuges according to someone I watched a lecture by from the IAEA.

5:53, You mean 100kWhrs/SWU, not 100kW/SWU. (Great videos, love them).

Are you ever going to cover the theoretical use of nuclear devices for Orion propulsion? I'd love to hear your take on nuclear "shaped charge" propulsion units.

I just finished my basic thermodynamics course like a week ago which included a little bit of statistical physics and hearing about enriching Uranium using difference in molecule speed gives me headache-inducing flashbacks.

It is so hard to watch the Cody's video these days

I admire how every society builds its most dangerous facilities RIGHT NEXT TO THE WATER! Spreading the "love".

@scottmanley

2 жыл бұрын

Anything that generates power is safest if there’s a large body of water to help with cooling. It’s an intentional choice for safety and efficiency.

I feel like NSA is going to show up at my door for watching these lol. All joking aside Awesome job! this series has been fascinating

Replying to a comment i saw over small yield nuclear devices. A Yield smaller than the little-boy would still vaporize a city such as DC completely, ie. anything over 10kt is to be considered threatening, as you can add warheads of said yield to a MIRV (*Multiple independently target-able reentry vehicle*) missile. Thus not all of the warhead could be intercepted if deployed before interception. Such that even a small yield will be devastating to an infrastructure and population, since you can have many warheads reach a single target or multiple targets simultaneously.. You may also cause a high amount of damage by encasing the weapon in non fissile nuclear material, thus creating a dirty bomb, which the main effect would be the fallout of said device without destroying much of the infrastructure, but by irradiating the area such that the population has to leave the area. But you can irradiate the area to such a level that it can be easily handled by protective gear during an invasion, and then "cleaned" such that now you have the intact infrastructure without further resistance.

Scott you should come and visit Hanford they have B-Reactor tours and you could also visit LIGO

My Dad went to Oak Rige K-25 after getting his physics degree in "47. I remember asking him what the yellow dust on his shoes was. Safety concerns were secondary still at that point.

10:20 - I thought it was a _proven fact_ that Stuxnet was built for sabotaging the Iranian nuclear programme?

Scott: Please do a video sometime about how they get rockets from assembly to the pad? This can include which rockets use different methods, what engineering is required, why you'd choose one method or another. The main methods which come to mind are vertical assembly and transport (e.g. Saturn V), horizontal assembly and transport then rotated vertical on the pad (Falcon, most or all Russian rockets) and assembly on the pad followed by moving the assembly building away prior to launch.

@scottmanley

5 жыл бұрын

Didn't you ask this a week ago?

@michaelwoodhams7866

5 жыл бұрын

Yes but I didn't know if you'd seen it so I decided one more try. Thanks for noticing,

Cody's Lab shout-out, nice!

There is also the separation nozzle process which uses microfluidic nozzles to separate the different isotopes.

@Scott Manley Are you going to at a video about other uses of Uranium such as for medical purposes? (example: U->Mo->Tc) It may not be in your wheel house like the chemistry in this video, but it might be a nice positive video to showcase technologies that have been beneficial rather than destructive.

I would watch an episode about how they get the material into the final form. How do they get it into a sphere?

@shrimppasta5544

2 жыл бұрын

I think they add a small amount of gallium and then press it into a mold not 100% sure tho

Starting in the late 50's a majority of the US enrichment happened at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion plant.

One question Scott: Do you still have anything that might resemble a plan to do another episode of Galileo Conquest? I've been waiting on that for months now and have begun to wonder...

BTW +Scott Manley Have you ever considered doing a joint project with Issac Arthur?

@jamesforest5245

4 жыл бұрын

that's....not how you tag someone but

Both Stuxnet and Flame were aimed at impeding uranium enrichment. IIRC stuxnet closed vents and caused overheating, flame would rapidly speed up and slow down the centrifuges causing them to break.

My Physics and Chemistry teachers are getting worried how much I know about making Nuclear bombs. Thanks Scott you are fueling my love of scaring my teachers XD

You deserve an award

Closed Paducah, KY gaseous diffusion plant & another plant in Metropolis, IL that had something to do with enrichment a few years ago. Now spending millions on clean up in Paducah. They said they were installing centrifuges in an existing plant in Ohio to replace production.

4:17 - 4:36 I'm not sure whether short tons or metric tonnes were used at the time, but in either case, 36/1000 of 1% of 14700 tons amounts to about 5000 kg

part 7 ? part 7 ? part 7 ? part 7 ? as you can see i really like your videos keep up the good work

A lot of the non-proliferation arguments seem a bit irrelevant given that some very poor countries (Pakistan, North Korea) have obtained the bomb independently. Furthermore, once you can build your first breeder reactor, un-enriched (or even depleted) uranium can be bred into plutonium and fed back into that same reactor eventually generating excess plutonium for bombs without any enrichment process. Anti-proliferation restrictions on civilian power might have made sense prior to the 80s-90s but if we had gone hard on fission power 20 years ago we might now be enjoying cheap power with the lowest greenhouse gases emissions.

@mattiasdevlin1363

5 жыл бұрын

You are correct. Proliferation concerns are mainly a political tool used to stop countries from gaining energy independance or lessen their reliance on foreign imports of energy (uranium being dirt cheap in comparison) and should be more viewed in this context. If a nation state really wants nuclear weapons there is not much the international community can do to stop them, which has been proven on at least 3 occasions so far (India, Pakistan and North Korea).

@LA-MJ

5 жыл бұрын

Correctly if I am wrong but didn't Nort Korea acquire the tech from Pakistan? The nuclear supermarket and all that. And the latter acquiring it after India does not surprise me one bit

@OldFormat

5 жыл бұрын

Some technical details perhaps. I'm mainly talking about the restrictions on fuel reprocessing and breeding in the U.S. based on the fear that material could be stolen.

@mattiasdevlin1363

5 жыл бұрын

We do not know exactly what technology transfer occured between Pakistan and Nortkorea. What was transfered shortened the development time but I am pretty sure the Northkoreans would have gotten there in the end regardless, it would have just taken longer. The are still an embarresment to the nuclear club as their first bomb was a fizzle...

@dwarfy2744

5 жыл бұрын

Plutonium based weapons are much more complicated to design than uranium based weapons

I had a friend back in the 1980’s that worked on laser isotope separation at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. They had it working well but the program was canceled. Now I know why.

Ah no way ik probably no one will ever see this but rip that cody’slab video. Ig it got taken down for providing great instructions about how to refine uranium ore, something that most people should not know.

Why would I ever ring the bell when I could just wait five years and consume it all at once?

Ha! the inevitable reference to Cody's Lab!

Can't think of where to ask this question so ... Would it be possible for nano machines to physically push two nuclei together and cause them to fuse? I know it requires a lot of energy to do it by random chance in a reactor but I figure it may take a lot less energy to physically constrain two nuclei and then force then together, perhaps even by chemical means, e.g. inside a folding protein. Or are the energy requirements orders of magnitude away from that being possible?

Part 6 and we had gotten to enrichment... I have a feeling that we'll get to engines only after they'd finally get to be tested irl. Part 73?

@samiraperi467

5 жыл бұрын

Part 42 or 69. One or the other.

Cody's video is private currently. Do you have any other sources? Can't get enough of this knowledge.

Am I going to be on a list for watching this series?