Gluconeogenesis Pathway Made Simple - BIOCHEMISTERY
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/ medsimplified
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. From breakdown of proteins, these substrates include glucogenic amino acids (although not ketogenic amino acids); from breakdown of lipids (such as triglycerides), they include glycerol (although not fatty acids); and from other steps in metabolism they include pyruvate and lactate.
Gluconeogenesis is one of several main mechanisms used by humans and many other animals to maintain blood glucose levels, avoiding low levels (hypoglycemia). Other means include the degradation of glycogen (glycogenolysis),[1] fatty acid breakdown.
Gluconeogenesis is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.[2] In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. In ruminants, this tends to be a continuous process.[3] In many other animals, the process occurs during periods of fasting, starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise. The process is highly endergonic until it is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP or GTP, effectively making the process exergonic. For example, the pathway leading from pyruvate to glucose-6-phosphate requires 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of GTP to proceed spontaneously. Gluconeogenesis is often associated with ketosis. Gluconeogenesis is also a target of therapy for type 2 diabetes, such as the antidiabetic drug, metformin, which inhibits glucose formation and stimulates glucose uptake by cells.[4] In ruminants, because dietary carbohydrates tend to be metabolized by rumen organisms, gluconeogenesis occurs regardless of fasting, low-carbohydrate diets, exercise, etc
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It is important to note that oxaloacetate cannot cross outside the mitochondrion. It has to be converted to Malate, which will be transported to the cytosol via Malate-Aspartate Shuttle. Malate (now in cytosol) is then converted back to oxaloacetate (because of high amount of NAD+ in the cytosol) allowing phosphoenolpyruvate kinase to catalyze it into phosphoenol pyruvate. 😊
@AnkitaSingh-wh2qq
2 жыл бұрын
Thnxx for the information ❤
@dylanmuneku9291
2 жыл бұрын
Thank you very much
@Jelieto
2 жыл бұрын
Ok I'm here to learn a bit about a low carb high fat diet and I have absolutely no idea what you're talking about 🤣
@nathanhaigler8139
2 жыл бұрын
Very clear description. Thank you
@patiencechepkorir5596
2 жыл бұрын
True Aiza....thumbs up 😌 for being keen
4:38 The enzyme used to convert Phosphonenolpyruvate to Pyruvate is Pyruvate Kinase not PFK1. It's written in biochem textbooks and can also be found online when you search for step 10 of glycolysis
@osamaaldweik
2 жыл бұрын
100%
@HanSoloxcs
2 жыл бұрын
Yeah..fuck this video.
@madanmohanmishra7407
2 жыл бұрын
Yes bro you are correct actually small mistakes by him during editing,and copy and paste mechanism
@shaistamehdimehdi3038
Жыл бұрын
Yes
@MegaFadzai
3 ай бұрын
you're right.
Your channel makes my concepts always clear. This is really superb way to understand anyone.
Best explanation in short time every found in internet. Thanks for explaining once more about Glycolysis
thanku so much. this video helped me to understand gluconeogenesis.
wait the enzyme which converts PEP to pyruvate is pyruvate kinase not phophorfructokinase
@hasithaliyanaarachchi3648
7 жыл бұрын
u ar correct..its not PFK
@alons222
7 жыл бұрын
yes you are right!! terrible error!
@MrPridizzle
6 жыл бұрын
Saria Sultan good eye, good eye
@mohanjr
6 жыл бұрын
I saw it even me right now
@DrSultanV
6 жыл бұрын
I saw it and I rolled down to see an explanation and here you are lol
I'm a Masters student in Biomedical Science and this has helped me way more more my lectures have. THANK YOU.
Very helpful. Explain the topic in a very crisp and profound manner. Thank you.
Hexokinase also converts glucose to glucose 6 phosphate. Glucokinase does the same job but specifically in the liver. Thanks for the video 👍
@Natasha_Mirza
2 жыл бұрын
Glucokinase is 4th form of hexokinase. So you can also say it hexokinase.
@yadinoori7372
2 жыл бұрын
@@Natasha_Mirza yeah i was about to reply with that
Thankyou soo much !!!!! U really help in understanding biochemistry easily 💛
Such a great videos...splendid.. May u get success in every field.. Plz do it on anothers topics of biochemitry.
Great outline of this pathway sir👏👏
very helpful and simplifying, but please avoid mistakes such as the pfk mistake in the step 10 of glycolysis. this could be misleading for students who are having an exam. at least put a correction in the comments or the discription.
@jadumonigogoi403
3 жыл бұрын
no donations no corrections,correct ion can be done at glucokinase/hexokinase,phosphofructokinase/pyruvate kinase, malate/oxaloacetate shunt. huh.
Sir I am watching your channel from last 1year I really love the way you share the topics to us,becouse you have been teaching us sir I have started my channel on KZread just getting inspiring from you i started my channel last weak only,I really thank you a lot for making me inspire sir.
@merlinjohn7381
3 жыл бұрын
Channel name ?
Found it on the last day of preparation. Helps a lot :)
@HR_51_FBD
3 жыл бұрын
Can you make me understand....in more simplified way..
Itz. Amazing Lecture __100% understanding thnks to MedSimplified
Wah!!! What explanation it easy to understand and write by own thanks alot sir ur explanation is superb 🙏
Thanks it's very sufficient and helpful
HELPED ME A LOT THANKS MAN!
This is the best I have ever seen
Dear Sir, your videos are excellent. Please make a video on glycogenolysis also.
I like your videos. They are short and easy but please don't make mistakes in enzymes or steps.
@dr.baleeghwsaby8829
5 жыл бұрын
ههههههههههههههههههههه صح
this channel helped me ALOT , much thx for u
very easy to understand the concepts and steps...pls add more topics
4: 38 it is Pyruvate kinase not phosphofructokinase. BTW good 👍video.
@pinakichall5462
4 жыл бұрын
4:38
very useful video at last I got it thank u so much medsimplified...
it,s very simplicity thank you
Made it clear , voice was good too ☺
Thaaank you very much I like your videos so much Best wishes
Thanks a lot sir...Its really very helpful.. 💖 JazakAllah JazakAllah 🙏
@itsnourrr6699
2 жыл бұрын
cute you are muslim
best channel ever
Great video thank you :)
انت مبدع شكرا جزيلا لك from yemen thanks
Thnx dude got the notes for gluconeogenisis😉
can u upload mechanism step involved in glycolysis wth some tricks so that we remember structure involve in reaction steps
NIce Explanation Thanks
From somalia thnks , for u lecture, it is very nice
I like your videos sir. These are helpful
Great work broda.👏👏😍
You explain in the simplest way possible..just one request please try to cover the portion in details
Thank u so much sir....all ur videos are really awesome and i can understand well....can u please make a video on HMP shunt pathway ??
I was under the impression that gluconeogenesis could be classified as the creation of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources - i.e., shuttling fructose into gluconeogenesis at the liver so it can be released to the rest of the peripheral organs as glucose.
Best teaching method 👍
You should also mention that Glucose to G6P is converted by Glucokinse/Hexokinase as Glucokinase is only present in hepatocytes and B-cells of pancreas.
I think glucokinase which converts Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate, only can be found in the Liver. Usually, Glycolysis can occur in all cells, so Hexokinase is the one that would replace glucokinase.
The best explanation 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
thank you for this!! saving me in my macro metabolism class!
thank you
Thank you so much
It really helped me
Thank you❤ so much 😊
How amazing ❤🔥
Thank you so much sir from Maharashtra
Superb sir thanks very much
This video help me in my project 😊
Verithanam 🔥🌟
Thank you very much sir. ❤ from Sri Lanka
@MEDSimplified
4 ай бұрын
Most welcome!
Your lec are best ... 👍👍
Thank you soo much sir 🥰✌️
Thankyou ! Great revision for my metabolism exam 😄
@MEDSimplified
6 жыл бұрын
+TheMGPforlife most welcome
@devkumarrathva1580
2 жыл бұрын
sir this video is helpful for mbbs ?
Thank you.
Please make more videos of biochemistry like on HMP shunt ,proteins metabolism , ketone bodies etc
Thank u !!! so much
Glucose is converted to G6P by enzyme Kinase and it's called the phosphorylation step(1st step) and ADP is converted to ATP as it is energy investment phase with the cofactor Mg2+
Thank you sir 🙏
Nyc sir N ur voice is osmmm 👌👌👌👌
Very helpful
Thanku so much sir
Very Good 🙂
Thank you
Very helpful😊
Thank u very much. It is a nice video . Try to make hmp shunt also.
Please make a video on HMP shunt, your videos are just easy and good
And also...the oxaloacetate inside the mitochondria is first converted to mate which is transferred to cytoplasm where it again become oxaloacetate
Plz upload video on few topics of molecular mapping of genome like RFLP, RAPD ,AFLP
qn excellent work
Thank you sir
Pyruvate-->Acetyl coA-->OAA-->Malate(crosses mitochondria) ---> PEP ( in the cytosol)
Your videos are super 👌nice. Put videos for Amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Fast As soon as possible.
man this stuff is like better than khan academy, very nice work
Thank you sir..
You are awesome!
Magnificent share I like your videos
im literally happy
Perfect 👌🏻
😊very nice
Plss Upload video on pentose sugar pathway, nitrogen metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism it will be helpful for my exam
thank u so mch
thankkkk youuu
I have a doubt. When glycerol is used as a substrate, gycerol-3-phosphate is formed and it gets converted to dihydroxy acetone phosphate for reverse reaction. Can't the glycerol-3-phosphate directly participate in the reverse reaction?
4:55 pyruvate is directly converted to oxaloacetate or is first converted to acytyl coA then oxaloacetate as in krebs cycle
Isn't the enzyme converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate called pyruvate kinase?
Thanks
Sir very nice
Tq so much sir
Please upload protein metabolism..nucleic acid metabolism video...
TQ short and relavent for mbbs
Oxaloacetate is impermeable to mitochondrial membrane it is converted to malate and then transported to cytosol and oxaloacetate is regenerated by malate dehydrogenase enzyme
Can you upload glycogenesis, glycolysis, etc and hmp shunt?
@MEDSimplified
7 жыл бұрын
+Aishwarya Birje U can find the video on glycolysis but j our channel. Glycogenesis and hmp shunt will also be uploaded soon mam
@justbirjethings
7 жыл бұрын
MEDSimplified Glycogenolysis* 👅 my bad!
@justbirjethings
7 жыл бұрын
MEDSimplified and thanks!
@ashishpandor1970
6 жыл бұрын
MEDSimplified hmp shunt pathway ?
Sir keep making videos like these Students like me needs graphics and sketches to understand things And u are making understanding very good