This stuff is like catnip to language nerds.

@davidlericain

3 жыл бұрын

It really is. I love it. I roll around in it and froth a bit at the mouth. Lol

@jovanblom7742

3 жыл бұрын

@@davidlericain We all got problems

@mike-0451

3 жыл бұрын

I suppose it would be if we weren’t cats...

@jonnybriggs7531

3 жыл бұрын

Agreed, could easily watch this for 2 hours.

@andrewstrebkov6507

3 жыл бұрын

but catnip doesn't raise a cat's awareness... (of course, not fully knowing what cats are thinking, i can't be 100% certain). These are great building blocks and stepping stones for higher awareness. Thank you, Simon !

Other youtubers: * clickbait intro *, * a million cuts per second *, * loud background music * Simon: Here's some candlelight

@LEJapproach

3 жыл бұрын

Not to mention some meaningful content! 😀

@raphaeloyebanji6173

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah! makes it more interesting doesn't it.

@erink476

3 жыл бұрын

And then apologises for the fact there are slides

Simon is studying archaeology, but he really digs languages.

POV: You tuned out for a minute while your Tinder date was speaking and you aren't sure how he got onto this topic

@notnullnotvoid

3 жыл бұрын

that's a keeper

@skellagyook

3 жыл бұрын

@@notnullnotvoid You beat me to it.

@koob837

3 жыл бұрын

*I propose immediately*

@BluJean6692

3 жыл бұрын

I feel so seen and so attacked all at once lmao

Your german pronounciation is spot on. Probably the best I have ever heard from a native english speaker.

@abruemmer77

3 жыл бұрын

I totally agree!

@couchcamperTM

3 жыл бұрын

fast beängstigend gut :-)

@jmolofsson

3 жыл бұрын

I've long been impressed by Simon's ability to distinguish between nearby located vowels. I think the German pronunciation can become this good for a native English speaker when one has such a well trained ear (and tongue) as Simon.

@LangJourney

3 жыл бұрын

Do you find native English speakers generally struggle with German? I want to learn it eventually.

@couchcamperTM

3 жыл бұрын

@@LangJourney the pronunciation and the grammar will drive you mad at first, but it's not impossible at all. Much success, viel Erfolg!

when I started studying German as a teenager I noticed a lot of these correspondences and thought I might be the first person to have noticed them. I was in for an unpleasant surprise

@evaluateanalysis7974

3 жыл бұрын

It was a *pleasant* surprise because you had independently discovered a real rule. Not a fantasy.

Sterben means to die in German of course and to starve means 'to die of hunger' or something close to that in English. Interestingly in the north of England in Cumbrian for example to starve can also mean to be dying of the cold. Therefore 'I'm starving' can mean 'I'm freezing cold'. This meaning is also found in the novel Wuthering Heights, which of course was set in Yorkshire.

@davidhowe6905

3 жыл бұрын

Yes; I knew someone from Cheshire (born 1918) who used 'starve' to mean dying from cold.

@davidcufc

3 жыл бұрын

@@davidhowe6905 It's still used in that context in Cumbria.

@davidhowe6905

3 жыл бұрын

@@davidcufc That's good to know. It's a shame when old words, like old languages, die out. Another word still used in some regions but unknown to me when growing up in London is 'nesh' to mean 'weak' or 'soft' as in not liking cold weather; I later saw (what I presume to be) the Old English version 'hnesc' in some anglo-saxon poetry and had a nice moment of recognition!

@svenschirra6769

3 жыл бұрын

Starving Sounds like "darben" a Little bit

@greenfrog6449

3 жыл бұрын

my grandmother used to say about "starved to death" if we weren't wearing enough jumpers, went barefoot in winter, etc. She was from Sheffield.

Oh my wasn’t ready for a romantic evening. I’m underdressed 😳

@animalunaris

3 жыл бұрын

Oooh same 👀

@tinkerwithstuff

3 жыл бұрын

Romantic? it is just an anglo saxon in his humbly lit dwellings. He probably has run out of "good wood" for a proper fire.

@zaker721

3 жыл бұрын

The weird thing is that this WOULD be a romantic evening for me. If I would go on a date and the guy would start talking about the origins of English, history and folklore, I'd want to keep him!

@sariputraa

3 жыл бұрын

@@zaker721 mais tellement! ^^ i think we're quite a number here wondering if this guy has some single cousins with the same kind of sensitivity , poetry and intelligence :)

@Metaphix

3 жыл бұрын

Or over dressed

My favorite cognate-a-palooza is the English "town", German "Zaun" (meaning "fence"), and Dutch "tuin" (meaning "garden"). All of them have something to do with separating the civilized from the wild, but they've each driven to different specific aspects of that divide.

@erichamilton3373

3 жыл бұрын

This is also in Slavic languahes. Grad = fortified place or town...then ogród (polish garden) is around the fortified place...much like garden or garten.

@erichamilton3373

3 жыл бұрын

Also the "town" word was a Celtic borrowing from Celtic dunum

@christopherbentley7289

3 жыл бұрын

@@erichamilton3373 I've only very recently discovered that the places called 'Týn' in the Czech Republic go back to a word meaning 'enclosure' - clearly related to all of 'town', 'Zaun' and 'tuin'. This expands to 'Týnec' and 'Týniště' as 'Hrad' expands to 'Hradec' and 'Hradiště'. The '-ec' is a diminutive, as far as I'm aware, but I'm not sure what effect the '-iště' ending has. I'd be delighted to hear from a Slavonic languages expert what it means!

@ulrikschackmeyer848

3 жыл бұрын

The Danish would be 'hegn' ('hain') meaning 'fence'. So it looks like we are all on the same side (of the fence🤪🤔😂)

@martinvanel3

3 жыл бұрын

@@ulrikschackmeyer848 'Hegn' seems to me a cognate of the word "heg" or "haag" in Dutch, with the same meaning as an English 'hedge' which is a fence consisting of shrubs, preferably with thorns.

Assuming you lit both candles with the same match, they are a beautiful representation of English and German both gathering words from a single source!

@simonroper9218

3 жыл бұрын

For the record I should say I lit them with two different matches :( The analogy is nice though, I wish I'd managed with one!

@andyarken7906

3 жыл бұрын

@@simonroper9218 Well, there are also words that look like cognates at first, but don't match with each other. It seems your candles where not cognates, thus needing two matches.

@whocansay2215

6 ай бұрын

@@andyarken7906alas the candles were false friends 😂

As a point of trivia on dough/taik, one of my favourite bits of Old English to modern English etymology is the way the English words “lord” and “lady” evolved. Both are, fundamentally, about (of all things) bread. They were originally compound words, both beginning with hlaf, which in modern English has become loaf. Lord was hlaf-weard, literally “loaf-ward”, the guy who looks after the bread, which obviously became slurred to hlafw’r’d at some point, then laf’r’d, before eventually arriving at the modern pronunciation “lord”. Lady was hlaf-dige, the latter part of which was a verbal form of the root of dough, meaning “to knead”. You can clearly see how over time, as with “lord”, it got reduced to hlaf-di, la-di and finally “lady”. Something as seemingly humble as “the guardian of the bread” and “the maker of the bread” evolved into about the most prestigious appellations you can apply to a man and a woman respectively, which strikes me as a rather delightful irony.

@c.norbertneumann4986

2 жыл бұрын

Guarding the bread was essential for survival in Anglo-Saxon villages. If the bread was stored in a humid environment and went moldy, if it was infested by vermin, or if it was stolen or robbed, respectively, this could mean that the inhabitants of a village had to suffer hunger and possibly even starve to death, especially in the wintertime. The function of the bread-ward was so important that, over time, he became the supreme ruler of a village (or a community). Over time, his original function fell into oblivion, and "lord" got the sole meaning of "commander". Kneading dough must originally have had a high social standing for women. It is an irony of history how that changed over time. A Victorian lady would have considered kneading dough as far below her social rank. This was a work for servants and lower class people - not knowing that the term "Lady" meant originally nothing more than dough kneader. By the way, in the Middle English poem "The Owl and the Nightingale", I found the form "laverd" for "lord", in which the Old English root of the term can still clearly be recognized.

@Perririri

Жыл бұрын

Compare to #lány

@ellies_silly_zoo

Жыл бұрын

I mean... bread is great so it's understandable

“Nicht alles was glänzt ist Gold” The fact that “sterben” and “starve” are cognates is indicative of how death from malnutrition was endemic in ancient Europe

@GuitarMan22

3 жыл бұрын

very interesting comment

@lesfreresdelaquote1176

3 жыл бұрын

Funny enough, we have the same adage in French: Tout ce qui brille n'est pas or...

@bacicinvatteneaca

3 жыл бұрын

@@lesfreresdelaquote1176 same in Italian, I've noticed plenty of sayings have spread across Europe even where there's no cognates to be found

@hayati6374

3 жыл бұрын

@@lesfreresdelaquote1176 maybe it stems from charlemagne-times? They would be common ancestors ☺️

@desanipt

3 жыл бұрын

We use it in Portuguese as well. "Nem tudo o que brilha é ouro".

Simon in candlelight speaking German... Gods have mercy... 😍🙈

@JohnM-cd4ou

3 жыл бұрын

Yo bro relaxxxxx

@mariedebris

3 жыл бұрын

dont judge, i cant relax!

@Jablicek

3 жыл бұрын

My word, yes. I had to turn away from the screen to focus on the words, which is entirely worth it.

@jovanblom7742

3 жыл бұрын

I first listened to it with the sound off, then without video.

@miikavalo8324

3 жыл бұрын

Did I just catch you SIMPING 😜

I like the atmosphere you created

@arkle519

3 жыл бұрын

Same. It's like he's on a date with the watchers.

I feel like I am discussing a covert smuggling operation in a tavern in a Hanseatic town in the 17th century. Gemütlichkeit.

@fishytails6639

3 жыл бұрын

i assume you translated comfortable. in this case you would actually use "gemütlich" as an adjective/expression and not the noun "Gemütlichkeit" Hope i could help :)

@mightymet7062

3 жыл бұрын

But in a Hanseatic town people wouldn’t speak High German. They would speak a Low German dialect, like Dutch for example. Fun fact: town is cognate to Zaun :-)

@LiamPorterFilms

3 жыл бұрын

@@fishytails6639 He probably knows that and you are probably irritating him by telling him a word he already knows.

@RobWhittlestone

3 жыл бұрын

@@mightymet7062 Indeed! Also to Tuin (Garden in Dutch) so presumably fenced in or walled-in.

@dittikke

3 жыл бұрын

@@RobWhittlestone That was my first thought...

POV: youre in a date with Simon Roper at a dark restaurant

@hin_hale

3 жыл бұрын

Mmmmm Simon... Talk proto-dirty to me...

@endelvelt7650

3 жыл бұрын

@@hin_hale I-

@daisybrain9423

3 жыл бұрын

@@hin_hale ...

@ANTSEMUT1

3 жыл бұрын

@@hin_hale lol.

@mr.osamabingaming2633

3 жыл бұрын

@@hin_hale ...

As a bilingual German, I really appreciate your videos. It makes me a little sad that these correspondences aren't discussed very often when learning a language through our school system.

@simonroper9218

3 жыл бұрын

I wonder if it would be useful to students learning one language from the starting point of the other. There are so many confounding factors in the historical processes of sound change that obscure certain correspondences, but I'm sure it would help people get the hang of vocabulary a little bit!

@lyleea

3 жыл бұрын

@@simonroper9218 I found, that for some words a little Background story makes learning more interesting, and since it often paints pictures, it's easier to remember in a lot of cases.

@andyarken7906

3 жыл бұрын

@@simonroper9218 I once tried to give this kind of tips to a friend who learned German (no proto-anything, just direct transformation from German to English). She strangely wasn't interested, but I think when learning languages in school, if this were sold as a trick to allow the students to be lazy with learning, there should be some students who would like it. Especially if it was taught as a secret trick.

@KP3droflxp

2 жыл бұрын

It’s a really interesting approach that allows for generalisations. That’s usually a very good thing.

@TheDonPatricio

Жыл бұрын

@@simonroper9218 it was very useful for me learning Romance languages to figure out, as you mentioned, the algorithm of how Spanish alters Latin. Once done, it’s easy to figure out a word I don’t know from a cognate in Latin. On the other hand, your lessons would have helped to learn German when I was studying it.

I just wanted to leave a comment saying I respect you very much.

@splak_5624

3 жыл бұрын

I do as well also he has dreamy eyes

@junolee8826

3 жыл бұрын

@@splak_5624 send help i have such a crush on him akshjdajkshdjhksa

@splak_5624

3 жыл бұрын

@@junolee8826I just wanna hold his hand and listen to him talk about archaeology

@junolee8826

3 жыл бұрын

@@splak_5624 hjdSHJS PERIOD

@StellaCarey

3 жыл бұрын

I respect him so hard, too! =)

do i get points for having correctly guessed the cognate for "sterben"?

@BeaverThingify

3 жыл бұрын

I guessed leid correct and freaked out

@joaopedrolang

3 жыл бұрын

I thought it was stab

@zwielichtigerzerquetscher6744

3 жыл бұрын

i thought i was disturbed, but i guess thats from latin🤷‍♂️

@mariusmavridis2941

3 жыл бұрын

@@zwielichtigerzerquetscher6744 i thought the same thing

@ihrfer

3 жыл бұрын

@@BeaverThingify I think "sterben" and "starve" I knew before, but "Leid" was a great example. I guessed it correctly, but their difference in meaning is still strange.

I would like to add here that "eitel" used to have a different meaning in German a few hundred years ago, in Baroque times when something was "eitel" it was transient, ephemeral and in some contexts in vain (see the poem "Es ist alles eitel" by Andreas Gryphius for reference) - which corresponds to the word idle in its meaning of "pointless" and "without purpose". So they don't just have the same root, they also used to mean the same. And I agree with the others here, your German pronunciation is spot on 👍🏻

@andyarken7906

3 жыл бұрын

I knew that several months after this video was posted, I wouldn't have to make this comment if I just scrolled down a bit more. Indeed, vanitas!

@HotelPapa100

Жыл бұрын

I wonder how 'eitel' in the sense of 'pure', unadulterated' (eitel Sonnenschein) fits into that scheme.

@robinrehlinghaus1944

Жыл бұрын

​@@HotelPapa100 I'd say it has the connotation of blissful ignorance of the bad weather to come, which again goes along with the idea of temporality

As a native Dutch speaker who speaks close-to-fluent German (and English, naturally) I actually think about these a lot, and I've even noticed the starve/sterben connection in the past (it's pretty obvious when you have Dutch sterven sitting snugly between the two). English suddenly looks a lot more West-Germanic when viewed like this, despite its North-Germanic word order and all of the Old Norse and French vocabulary. Also, that German pronunciation was really good.

Chaucer mentions a character who "sterves for hunger" died of hunger (presaging the more specialized meaning of starving)

@LamgiMari

3 жыл бұрын

That expression "sterben vor Hunger" still exists in German, although it's used hyperbolically, i.e. feeling very hungry but not actually dying. There are similar ones after the same pattern like "sterben vor Angst" (being extremely scared).

@maxx1014

3 жыл бұрын

@@LamgiMari ich sterbe vor Durst lol

@TheOakleysworld

3 жыл бұрын

Still used in my local English dialect in the Midlands. A common phrase "I'm starving hungry!" (Though pronounced "Om starvin' 'ungry")

@LostLuigiLassie

3 жыл бұрын

+

@abruemmer77

3 жыл бұрын

​@@LamgiMari Or "Hungers sterben"

Informative and calming at once. I’ve had my nightly dose of historical linguistics and ASMR. I will sleep soundly.

that's some on-point pronunciation for German

@rishthefish7781

3 жыл бұрын

Yes, it is! But German tbh isn't terribly difficult to pronounce for an English speaker.

@whukriede

3 жыл бұрын

@@rishthefish7781 Au contraire, my dear, it certainly is.

@rishthefish7781

3 жыл бұрын

@@whukriede it has a lot of phonemes that English doesn't but then there are dialects of English that have different sounds not present in RP or Standard American. I meant German doesn't require you to learn a new phonemic distinction such as mora timing, pitch ascent or tones. But, I agree with you it's not totally similar to English.

@janhenkel4459

3 жыл бұрын

@@whukriedeIt really isn't if they make a minimal effort. Easier than Spanish or French, I would say.

@cjlooklin1914

3 жыл бұрын

For me, individual german words have never really been an issue, I remember during my first semester my teacher asked me if had studied german in highschool because my pronunciation, but it's like physically challenging for my mouth to accurately churn out certain sentences because the world often morph slightly when strung together, especially when speaking fast.

My niece from SE Asia, she's mixed background, knows several languages but left school early.... she shocked me one day, out of context she said "there's a lot of words in English like Sanskrit" ... I guess she was thinking of numbers and family names like sister... so maybe the concept of cognate words is out there, and not just in academia.

@BluJean6692

3 жыл бұрын

someone give that girl a scholarship for figuring out Indo-European language theory entirely on her own...

God bless you for making these videos, Simon. You're a legend.

One point is that in learning German or other languages, there is such little emphasis on vocabulary. If a beginner student had awareness of all the regular morphological sound correspondences between his own language and the learned related language it would speed up language learning efforts for a lot of people. For some strange reason, language teachers give such little attention to this. Fortunately, I employed this early on, at least informally and inductively, when I began learning many Romance languages, and began applying the morphology based approach (with other approaches as well) to Germanic, Slavic and Persian, and it payed off pretty well. Of course, the approach is not very helpful if you are learning an unrelated language--didn't really help me with Indonesian, hehe. Thanks again for the great video--I will show it to my nephew who is interested in German.

@StellaCarey

3 жыл бұрын

Can you share what resources you used to learn German? I want to learn it the way you did.

@urinstein1864

3 жыл бұрын

I attended a Swedish course for a while at my uni. Swedish is naturally comparatively very easy to learn when your first language is German and you are forced to become proficient at English. However the teachers decided the best book to learn from would be an all Swedish text book that was very clearly made for mixed groups of recent Immigrants to Sweden. Very heavy on the conversational aspect of learning a language etc. Obviously that makes sense in that scenario, but in a class of young people like us, treating us like we had no previous knowledge of the concept of language struck me as very ineffective and I was very disappointed. And while conversational skills are likely the ultimate goal of learning a language for most people, I found it a massive waste of my time particularly when my vocabulary was very small and I was only taught to use one and half tenses. To give one very obvious example where I feel we were let down is the explanation of word order in Swedish. Turns out the verb always comes second (to oversimplify it here). It said so in the text book and you know, a few of us a struggling to keep that in mind. But as I thought about it for a bit and compared it to German, German applies the exact same pattern. I would have been as easy as telling us that the word order is the same as in German and we would made a lot more progress. There are also some sound correspondences that I figured out myself, but no mention of those in class. It's pretty ridiculous to me that the language teaching world is on a trip of teaching you languages like you are a newborn and just suck up a language like a sponge and not in fact an adult who can comprehend linguistic concepts, has at least one language to draw comparisons from and otherwise a busy schedule.

@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc

3 жыл бұрын

@@StellaCarey Initially I had to develop my own techniques since I had not been exposed to historical linguistics (I am a language nerd and lover, but not a linguist, perhaps only an amateur linguist). Later on, one book I did find that would have been excellent was "Easy ways to enlarge your German Vocabulary" by Karl A. Schmidt. It really breaks down a lot of the sound changes, with many examples. I just googled it and it seems quite a few copies are available on different site. So check it out!

@StellaCarey

3 жыл бұрын

@@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc Danke! Will check the book out ASAP!

@JorgeGarcia-lw7vc

3 жыл бұрын

@@StellaCarey My better half, btw, who had basic knowledge of Italian and Latin, took my method as I tutored her to learn Spanish, and it did really speed things up. It just made her make the connections between languages and made new words easily decipherable and learned words easily rememberable.

Simon Roper klingt total Deutsch, wenn er Deutsch spricht. Hut ab! 👍

@Tflexxx02

3 жыл бұрын

"Simon Roper sounds totally German when he speaks German. Hat off!" (Aside from syntax differences, a few cognates in that sentence.)

You are a linguist at heart and obviously enthusiastic about languages and their evolutions. More important I think is your willingness to share your knowledge with us. In my mind, you are a scholar and a gentlemensch!

Actually I find comparing German, English and Dutch cognates together even more interesting, because often (but not always) the Dutch ones seems to sit in the middle, almost as if it was some sort of transition language between the other two (but of course we know it isn't).

Actually the slides were great, I like how you showed us the changes as you spoke them.

@ShaniAce

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah me too!

It so cool to realize how some Finnish words have Germanic roots. Dough is taikina in Finnish and it seems like it quite clearly is derived from Germanic roots.

@iirovaltonen4258

3 жыл бұрын

@I Love Memes I have heard the same, it seems very likely in my opinion because the the obvious ismilarities with the words. Other example is the Finnish word for king, kuningas, which was kuningaz in Proto-Germanic iirc.

@LucretiaEv

3 жыл бұрын

@@iirovaltonen4258 that's very interesting indeed! Considering that Finnish is so different, there are some similarities after all. (I don't know anything about Finnish except kiitos and Suomi 😅)

@bothnianwaves7483

3 жыл бұрын

Compare also the hypothetical *haihaz and *haihilaz to the Finnish word "kaihi" that means cataract.

@hansmahr8627

3 жыл бұрын

Lots of old Germanic loans in Finnish. Kaunis for example (meaning beautiful) comes from Proto-Germanic *skauniz (see modern German schön), Finnish doesn't allow consonant clusters at the beginning of a word so the s was dropped. The same process is observable in kuva which means picture, it comes from *skuwwo meaning shadow or reflection (Norwegian skugge). It's very interesting because Finnish hasn't changed all that much phonetically so that a lot of these loans preserve their ancient pronunciation. For example Finnish airo, meaning oar, comes from Proto-Germanic *airō, they just shortened the last vowel. Or laukka (onion) from *laukaz (English leek, German Lauch). Some forms have changed a bit more of course like ilkeä (bad, mean) from *ilhilaz, the root of English ill.

@couchcamperTM

3 жыл бұрын

@@LucretiaEv learn perkele ;-)

Yes! I'm learning German right now and I notice lots of cognates between German and English words. Though I don't entirely understand the mechanics of how the words shift apart as you explain them, I still found the video very interesting! Thank you!

@redpillsatori3020

3 жыл бұрын

English is actually more closely related to Dutch and Low German (Niederdeutsch) but Hoch German became the de facto standard and only pockets in northern Germany now speak Low German languages like Frisian. If you compared English to some of these lowland/North Sea West Germanic languages you’d see more similarities

@stevshaboba7476

3 жыл бұрын

@@EnigmaticLucas Not really weird when the two languages have been intertwined amongst the nobility for almost a thousand years

@SofiaBerruxSubs

3 жыл бұрын

Well German and English share 63 percent of the vocabulary but they mean completely different things. German=English Rock=skirt Teller=plate Fast=nearly

@SofiaBerruxSubs

3 жыл бұрын

@@EnigmaticLucas I know right! Also like why share more than 50 percent and not be able to understand each other?

@brittakriep2938

3 жыл бұрын

@@SofiaBerruxSubs: Gold, Ring, Finger, Hand ;-)

Absolutely interesting! As a native German stuck in The US, I have wondered to many times about the relations of similar sounding words. Great content!!

You are without doubt one of the most pedagogical educators on Germanic languages.

Outside of expressions, "das Leid" means suffering/pain/sorrow. The originally unrelated "leiden" is "to suffer", but it can also mean "to endure".

@erichamilton3373

3 жыл бұрын

The expression "Ich kann das nicht leiden" goes in the dirrection of loathe...also similar to the adjective insufferable.

@over2166

3 жыл бұрын

pain and Pein may also be cognates then, I presume?

@Christoph2600

3 жыл бұрын

@@over2166 yes

@ehmha3641

3 жыл бұрын

@@over2166 or "ping" as in my dialect😅

@rippspeck

3 жыл бұрын

@@over2166 Yes, very much. Pein is considered poetic in modern German, tho. It's one of those words that's uncommon in text but incredibly rare in speech.

I'm surprised you didn't bring your invented cognate up into modern English and German based on standard sound shifts!

@seanrafferty6752

3 жыл бұрын

Huh?

@dittikke

3 жыл бұрын

@@seanrafferty6752 Haihilaz... There is an English derivative, only not via PG. It's Cecil! Ok that was a hunch on my part but I googled it, and it turned out correct.

@ellies_silly_zoo

Жыл бұрын

Hmm, lemme try (this might be quite inaccurate, I'm obviously not a linguist) PGmc haihilaz > PWGmc haihil > hāhil > hǣhil > hǣil > OE hǣl > hɛːl > heːl > Modern English hiːl = heal I'm not sure about the intermediate hiatus æːi resolving to æː, but OE doesn't really have any better options for the vowel so I think it's probably correct. If it'd be kept to ME, it'd probably go something like OE hæːil > hɛːil > hɛi̯l > heːl > Modern English hei̯l (depends on the dialect ofc) = hail/hale I can't find enough info on PGmc > OHG > MHG > Standard High German sound changes, so I don't know what it would've become. I assume something like heihel~heiel /ˈhaɪ̯əl/, or maybe just heil /haɪ̯l/. Would've been quite confusing to have English "heal" (or "hail"/"hale") meaning something like "one-eyed" or so. Especially in German, where the existing word "heil"/"heile" means "whole, intact, unhurt" and "heilen" means "to heal".

THE AESTHETIC of THIS VIDEO is UNREAL

This is probably the cosiest video I’ve seen from you. I’d listen to your content in such a setting for entire evenings on end. Dankeschön!

Thank you for your video. As native German speaker who learns and speaks English for many many years now, I find your videos very fascinating - especially this one. The relationship and evolution of languages is quite an interesting field of linguistics. And your German pronunciation is spot on. 😊 🇩🇪🇬🇧

About "Leid" You can say "ich kann dich nicht leiden" which translates to "I can't stand you"

@redpillsatori3020

3 жыл бұрын

More literally translation: “I can thee not suffer”

@maxx1014

3 жыл бұрын

@@redpillsatori3020 or unliteral "I loathe you"

@hin_hale

3 жыл бұрын

In danish, "Jeg kan ikke lide deg" (I can not suffer you) is just everyday speech for "I don't like you". They're a severe bunch, the danes.

@dergamer9

3 жыл бұрын

@@hin_hale same for German :)

@1258-Eckhart

3 жыл бұрын

which transliterated would be "I cannot loathe thee", which means the opposite.

It is really amazing how well you pronounce the german words, i absolutely didn't notice the slightest trace of an accent.

I get pretty excited every time you drop a new vid, man. Many thanks and keep it up from here in the US

I really appreciate the different ways you have been playing with your backgrounds and foregrounds in these videos.

This video fulfills my honest need to know English and German cognates because They’re fascinatin. I really loves it thank you!! Learned cool stuff!

hey Simon! If you could turn on closed captioning for the hard of hearing folks that would help loads--even auto-captions help because it's somewhat easy to get the gist of what someone is saying. Thank you! :D

@joaofarias6473

3 жыл бұрын

I think youtube disallowed auto-captions, as well as community sourced captioning unfortunately... A professional transcription service would probably be required in this case

@Jerald_Fitzjerald

3 жыл бұрын

@@joaofarias6473 Not required so much as the only practical choice. You *can* write captions for your own videos, but it's not a very fun or efficient process so it's not very likely that youtubers will make a habit of it

@sariputraa

3 жыл бұрын

@@joaofarias6473 i work ontranslating foil arms and hog's sketches on amara . no need for any professional transcription :). i think that could be a good idea to do that here, for the people who have hearing problems or are not fluent in english

@cathjj840

3 жыл бұрын

@@sariputraa Forget translating or cc for "foil arms and hog's sketches on amara": what the hell does this mean?

@snowyyyyyyyyyyyyy

3 жыл бұрын

actually youtube removed community written captions several months ago. it's very unfortunate and means that the person uploading has to make the captions now

Jesus, I wish I could watch videos like this every day. This is pure sugar for my inner linguistics-nerd. Thank you so much for your work

The play with reconstruction at the end got me disproportionately excited. Thanks for sharing once again, and love the aesthetic this time around!

My favorite cognate is between gern and yearn. There's also some interesting examples of vowel shifts that break the pattern of a/o/ei, and result in a/o/eh. From proto-Germanic "taiwho": Old English "tā", Modern English "toe", German "Zeh". From proto-Germanic "sairaz": Old English "sār", Modern English "sore", German "sehr" (talk about unexpected cognates!)

Simon. A wonderfully concise dip into linguistic transformations. I keep thinking of how much knowing some of these rules or tendencies back when I was studying languages in high school would have made it a bit easier I think. We would ask our Latin and French professor (same guy) why? And he'd say, don't ask why, ask how. Meaning, just memorize it. He did do some cross language analysis, but it was just a chart comparing indo-european words like father and mother and such. When I studied German, I know I could have helped make sense of things with a few hours of analysis like this. Where it hit me most was dealing with my frustrations in learning Spanish in the past few years. So much of Spanish didn't make sense according to what I knew from my Latin and French and the English cognates. It wasn't until I really spent some time understanding the vowel and consonant shifting that went on that It started making sense for the vocabulary. I don't know why I was so thick not to realize that "f" became "h". Most likely because the h isn't pronounced and I just didn't get the sound connection and the visual connection of an f to an h that isn't sounded just doesn't computer. Thank you so much again!

Learning about cognates between languages is always intriguing. Thanks for sharing your knowledge. Blowing the candles out at the end was also a nice touch.

I've been watching your videos for a quite some time and while I always greatly enjoy them, I had to gasp out loud so many times because your pronunciation of the German language was just superb. I just wanted to comment on that. I grew up bilingually in Germany with German as one of my motherlanguages and English as an early third language. Thank you for your videos! They are very informative and the atmosphere is always wonderful. I'm excited for future videos. Have a wonderful and healthy time!

Love it when you set up scenarios where we can guess!

"False cognates" are a study in themselves - loads in French too. +1 Love it!

Fascinating! As a dyslexic i study languages , pronunciations and Dialects and the more i liisten to vids like this the more interesting it is

Schnegel is the kind of snail who eats the other snails. They have dots of a darker color on them.

@FrancisCWolfe

3 жыл бұрын

Apparently it means "keelback slug", although until I learnt there was a German word Schnegel cognate with "snail" I had never heard of a keelback slug, so it does seem like quite an obscure word in both languages. I find it interesting how both languages agree that a snail/Schnegel is a specific subtype of Schnecke. They just disagree which subtype.

As a language enthusiast who's been learning German this is fantastic

Huh, that was innerestin'! Particularly fun using my terrible Norwegian to make out the Germanic, but fascinating to see the vowel/consonant drift!

It’s so relaxing to listen to you talking!

This is my favorite video you've done yet, and I liked the slides 👍

Mad props for your Standard German pronunciation. You are way closer on than I, and German is my mother tongue (Swiss German, that is...)

@sehabel

3 жыл бұрын

Yes his pronunciation is really good. My mother tongue is Schwäbisch and I also sometimes struggle with it. For example, it is hard for me to stop saying "isch" instead of "ist"

@hansmahr8627

3 жыл бұрын

Definitely. I was especially impressed with his vowels, native English speakers rarely get them right.

@couchcamperTM

3 жыл бұрын

there is a video on youtube with a girl speaking a Liverpool dialect, and it is the closest to Schwiezerdüütsch i have ever heard in English. "Funny Liverpool accent of this amazing girl"

@brittakriep2938

2 жыл бұрын

@@sehabel : Geht mir auch so, da ich, Brittas Freund, üblicherweise Dialekt spreche. Ein schwäbischer Akademiker, der einige Jahre regelmäßige Artikel über den schwäbischen Dialekt schrieb, meinte, unser Dialekt habe noch einige mittelhochdeutsche Relikte, was zu einem kleinen Teil einer der Gründe sei, weshalb Schwäbisch für viele Leute schwierig sei.

It will be interesting to watch a videos about cognates in English and Low German, English and Frisian.

@brittakriep2938

2 жыл бұрын

Some examples : Standard german: Gabel, klein, Wasser, Seil. English: fork, little, water, rope. Low german: Forke, lütt, Water, Reep.

Loved this - you have shed light on sound shifts. Thank you

Just like you I'm always amazed when I realise similarities between German and English words I haven't noticed before. Just recently I stumbled over the word "horse". It's very different to the modern german word "Pferd" but if you compare it to the bit outdated german word for horse "Ross" and you speak both out loud, you notice that there is just a small change in the pronunciation of the words "Ross" and "horse". It is really interesting to see the similarities especially when it comes to words that describe things that were already around before the languages got separated. They are often almost the same with a slight change in meaning and/or pronunciation. Another example are the words "door" and "Tor". In modern german "Tor" means "gate" and the word for "door" would be "Tür". However, there is a word in german that is very similar to "gate" as well, which is "gatter" and describes a gate and/or a fence for keeping animals. Like you mentioned there are even more similarities when it comes to dialects. The German word for "knife" is "Messer" and I was exited when I learned that the word for a small knife, in the area my wife comes from is "Kneip(chen)". It is so interesting to follow the path our languages evolved with all of their weird turns and connections. Thanks for the video. I love it.

Thank you for this video! I really enjoy your content, and have no idea how you have the time and energy to learn so much while also doing your archeology masters, it's very impressive. Shout out to the COVID vaccine researchers, fingers crossed for it working well and getting rolled out as quickly as possible.

Great video! Just as a sidenote: in German we do use Leid in other contexts as well! It basically just means suffering or sth like that.

So enjoyed this!! Every aspect of delivery so Helpful! CHEERS SIMON!!

Pflug and Plough: in my dialect (Frankfurt/Wiesbaden area) "Pluuch".

I wish “learn German” texts/courses would lean more heavily on indicating cognates to aid learning/memory. I consider myself quite fluent in German now, but never noticed the Eitel, Zeichen, Zeit, Leid cognates mentioned here. Would have helped to know those when I was learning. Another I recently realized: oder/other. When I discovered that one, 🤯.

@todlr

3 жыл бұрын

@@Drabkikker my bad.

@todlr

3 жыл бұрын

@@Drabkikker anders is less mind blowing as a cognate. But only slightly. Still interesting. :)

@mightymet7062

3 жыл бұрын

Or town and Zaun. Or two and zwo (zwei) 😃

@brittakriep2938

2 жыл бұрын

The rather similar words are mostly about things, known longer than 1000years. For example some animals , nature things or tools. Also don' t forget dialect words. An example: In standard german , to stirr' is ,umrühren' , but in my swabian dialect , stieren' in some context also means ,to stirr'.

@hurmast369d6

2 жыл бұрын

usually this requires the knowledge beyond the scope of simply learning of a language, which is only attainable at university level, if you want it to happen in a formal class.

That mood gives me chills

I like this slide heavyness! It's fun to follow along the story with stuff to look at!

Simon, I really, really enjoy your videos! I wish you and your family Happy Holidays.... Merry Christmas & Happy New Year!

Wow, your German pronunciation is awesome! Almost not noticeable accent.

@-cirad-

2 жыл бұрын

I wasn’t even sure if he is a native speaker. :)

As a Swiss and a German native speaker I always find it fascinating to encounter words in (alemannic) dialect that are cognates to modern English words but have disappeared from Standard German or High German. There are examples like gumpä/gumpè -> to jump (which would be springen (= to spring) in HG). Another example that i find interesting is the dialect word höischä/hoischè ('heischen' in Standard German) that is cognate with the English verb 'to ask'. While both terms seem to have the same root, its meaning shifted towards 'to demand' or 'to call for' in the dialectal form, whereas in Standard German we use the term 'fragen'. I'd be interested to know if this term is still used outside of the alemannic (i.e. southwestern Germany and Switzerland) context.

@a.b.w.h.3151

3 жыл бұрын

Does any Swabian remember "der Barn" being part of the "Scheuer" or "Scheune"? In English "barn" is "Scheune". My Swabian grandma used to say "des isch glatt" if something was funny, same with Norwegian "glad" and similar to English "glad". Is High German "schade" related to "sad"?

@TheBluverde

3 жыл бұрын

There's also _look_ and Alemannic German _luege._

@Gerhard-Martin

3 жыл бұрын

@@TheBluverde There are even more: "to look/luègè" / "to drool/drièlè" / ... We even say: "Bi schtill !" in my Dialect , like: "Be quiet !".

@TheBluverde

3 жыл бұрын

@@Gerhard-Martin The term _"drièlè"_ is new to me, in Bavarian it's _"trenzen"._ The imperative form _"bi"_ is interesting, do you use this word only in this context ("Bi still!") or universally (e.g. _"Bi nicht so streng!"_ instead of _"Sei nicht so streng!")?_ I know that there are some dialects where you can use _"Bist d' still!"_ (which sounds pretty similar) but not _"Bist d' nicht so streng"._

@Gerhard-Martin

3 жыл бұрын

@@TheBluverde A-Ha ? =) Now,...for ME, this "trenz'n" is a new one. 8-/ Never yet have heard or read of that before. But although LIVING in Bavaria, politically, I am not a Bavarian Speaker myself. "Drièlè" is typically Allemannic, you´ll find that Word from the Allgäu to the Kaiserstuhl. Yes, "bi" is exclusively used as an Imperative, 2. Person singular. Also: "Bi idtè a so schtreng !" is an Imperative, but inoportunely with a NEGATION. (Which has insuitable Consequences on the Likeliness to meet your Need.) To say: "Bist d´still ?!" seems to be originally a QUESTION, turned into an Imperative... by adding a certain threatening or impatient Tone of Voice to it ! ;-) Haha.

My favourite divergence of cognates (that even are still kinda the same words): Plague Plage Pest pest Obviously these were words for roughly the same broad concept of something unpleasant, but specialized the same way, but each for the other variant of the word. So translation today is. plague = Pest pest ~ Plage

@kerstinklenovsky239

3 жыл бұрын

Fascinatingly 'die Pest' is 'the plague' and 'eine Plage' is 'a pest'. 😍

Long ago, about 45 years ago, I took classes in old school "philology," historical German linguistics. I've forgotten a lot since then but I have a vivid memory of a one question exam that might make an interesting video for you. We were to take Greek "odont", Latin "dent" German "Zahn", and English "tooth" and explain how they were phonetically related based on the sound shifts and other linguistic trends we had learned. So if I remember correctly, d in dent went to t and t to th in the first consonant shift and to Z in the second consonant shift which did not affect northern German and English. A rule called "N-Ausfall mit Ersatzdehnung" (compensatory lengthening explained the loss of the n in tooth. I loved this question.

As a German native speaker, I enjoyed this video particularly. Would love it if you could make another video like this one but including other branches of Indo-European languages as well.

@hurmast369d6

2 жыл бұрын

I think he specialies on germanic as he's from England

The little sad face next to we van gets me. I'm lonely too, we van. Me too

Very interesting. Please keep posting more of these fascinating clips.

Wow, so glad I've found your videos. German native speaker with a passion for linguistics here. Usually, Wikipedia is my first (and besides documentaries honestly my only) point of information in this matter and I would curiously read about different languages and dialects. This is how I drew the connection to (Old) English and German being extremely close, honestly thought I am the only one that notices that. Now that I heard you talking about it (being that you thoroughly studied the dialects) it confirms the assumptions I had and I love it! Thank you

I have the biggest crush on this dude.

@brokengothdoll6203

3 жыл бұрын

me too and I'm a granny

@jej3451

3 жыл бұрын

Perverts

@brokengothdoll6203

3 жыл бұрын

@@jej3451 I know. I'm ashamed of myself.

@dariusanderton3760

3 жыл бұрын

@@jej3451 jealous

@johncollinspianomusic

3 жыл бұрын

same

As a scot i worked in West Germany for 4 years and picked up the language 2 years in, Scottish and northern English dialects retain Germanic words still.

@faithlesshound5621

3 жыл бұрын

Scots words are often closer to Dutch or Low German. The classic saying, "It's a braw, bricht, moonlicht nicht" or "fine (brave) bright moonlit night" has all the "gh" graphemes realised as hard "ch" sounds.

I'm bilingual German and English and I'm really impressed with your spoken German. Very interesting video too!

Oh my dear, what a lovely contribution, in all respects!

Nice video, I really do not mind it being slide heavy, especially with so few words on each slide! :) Being from Germany and having grown up with several bavarian dialects made me realize very much, how actually non-binary these transitions from Proto-Germanic to German and English are. That really did strike me with the word "Teig"/"dough". In some Bavarian dialect the diphthong would be closer to the English one and the "t" is a "d". So inside German, the Bavarian and the standard-german word for dough sound as different as standard-german and English, but for me personally, they are the same word, on a very fundamental level. Endless fun with language ;)

@brittakriep2938

3 жыл бұрын

Doig is swabian for Teig.

I'm German and I'm interested in languages, though not actively working on the topic and for me this is an extremely interesting video! 👍👍👍 The cognate pair that surprised me most was _Zeichen_ and _token_ (although it makes perfect sense) aaand I guessed _starve_ as the English cognate of the German verb _sterben_ correctly ... yay! 😉 Keep up the good work!

A good video to fall asleep to, a very relaxing voice, no insult intended.

Cool hypothetical exercise! Thanks for the great video again, and stay healthy!

This was interresting. I mean I knew that English and German are closely related , but this deriving from common roots is quite intriguing. By the way: your German pronunciation is excellent 👍😀

I'm currently learning a few slavic languages, but german and to some extent english are sometimes my basis, since I know them rather well and my teachers do too. To better remember or understand certain things, I often try to find cognates between those languages. A very interesting one would be "plavo", which is a cognate with fahl / pale. It's means "blonde" in most slavic languages and in southern slavic languages it also means blue. This also helps me to better understand sound changes. Another one, I rewlly enjoy would be "hleb", which is a cognate with Laib / loaf, but just means "bread" in general.

In Swedish the word for Schnegel is 'snigel'. So makes sense that the dialects of northern Germany is closer to the north germanic languages.

Thank you for this nerdy dose of linguistics and etymology. ❤️

Protogermanisch is a perfectly acceptable synonym of Urgermanisch!

Another one I am aware of which is quite surprising is that Ger Klein- small is actually the cognate to Eng clean but the meanings are now very different

@brittakriep2938

3 жыл бұрын

Standard german : klein/ low german: lütt/ english: little or standard german: Gabel/ low german: Forke/ english: fork or standard german: umrühren is in english to stirr, but in swabian dialect ,stiera' can mean to stirr , for example when someone is stirring the food in the plate, because he doesn' t like the meal.

@WCiossek

3 жыл бұрын

In Low German it is lütt. It corresponds to the English word little.

@brittakriep2938

3 жыл бұрын

@Martin Cregan : The word Forke is only used in lowgerman region, where those Anglosaxons live, who's ancestors did not move to England. In Southern Germany , which had been Roman provinces Germania Superior and Rhätia, there had been Kelten. So your thought is not impossible. Side note: When you are interessted in celtic relicts in my federation state Baden- Württemberg, do research about ,Heidengraben'/,Heuneburg'/, lpf'/ , Keltenfürst von Hochdorf'.

I love this Simon, thank you!! Historical linguistics is my absolute favourite topic, along with phonetics, and I speak/love German so this was even more fascinating. I hope you have a good December :)

@tarquin12

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Simon. Very interesting and brilliantly taught. As a German speaker too, I found this focus on cognates fascinating.

Your marvellous pronunciation of German words is only now making me realise how exact all the sounds you make are, like, when you explain previous versions or pronunciations of words. Holy shit, that is spot on!

When it comes to words like "Pfeffer" and "Pferd", another sound shift that is currently happening in many (mainly northern) German dialects, and arguably in "standard" German is that the initial P is often dropped, so the words become "Feffer" and "Ferd" in pronunciation.

@brittakriep2938

3 жыл бұрын

In southern Germany no Pferde exist, only Gäule and Rösser. Ross and horse, no similarity?

@martinvanel3

3 жыл бұрын

@@brittakriep2938 Someone told me that the German word Pferd is of celtic origin. While ross and horse are both of Germanic origin.

@brittakriep2938

3 жыл бұрын

@@martinvanel3 : As far as i know, Pferd comes from a latin word which means ,Pferdegespann' in german. ( Both the horses and the coach) . I read, that germanics once used horses only for riding and war, while they used oxen and cows for wagons / coaches and had been surprised about the Romans use of horses for this purpose. But i don' t know, if this is true.

@morvil73

3 жыл бұрын

@@brittakriep2938 Yes, "Ross" and "horse" are cognates.

@bernhardschmalhofer855

7 ай бұрын

​@@brittakriep2938And young horses are Heasserl which might be relaxed to hissing.

This great! It’s a detailed analysis of what my German teacher at school (in the 1970s) used to tell us.: “Make certain common consonant changes ( e.g b to v or f) then “fiddle with the vowel” and see what word you’ve translated!” E.g dieb to thief.

@brittakriep2938

2 жыл бұрын

In german, i am german, there are also rare used/ outdated words. For example some elderly germans don't say Pferd( horse) , but Ross, or they don' t say Ziege ( goat) , but Gois/Gais.

@derin111

2 жыл бұрын

@@brittakriep2938 That's really interesting. I'm half German (born 1960s) and spent a lot of time in Hannover back then with my grandparents back then. I've just got back from Hannover yesterday. I've never heard the alternative words for a horse or a goat used before...even by my Grandparents who were born in 1910 and 1920. Do you think there might be regional variation too?

@brittakriep2938

2 жыл бұрын

@@derin111 : Oh i , Brittas boyfriend, am Swabian from south- west Germany, 56 years now, and when i was a child, my homeregion was much more rural than today. Also the dialect of Hannover is nearly the same than Standard German. In 19th century , many german linguists said , Hannoverisches Bühnendeutsch'( hannoverian stage german) should become german standard, when i one time was in Hannover, the people there could not understand me, while bavarian and frankish tribesmen can to some degree understand me. A for me surprising thing was, when i spoke in english to an US Lady, she didn' t recognize low german words ,Forke' ( fork) and ,lütt' ( little).

@derin111

2 жыл бұрын

@@brittakriep2938 That's really. Interesting! My Mother is from Hannover but now lives right in the SW near Lörrach. She can't understand the people there at all! Hahaha! As you know, they speak Allemanisch. Her neighbour is the same age as me (58) so he must have been taught in Hochdeutsch at school but he really struggles to speak it now. When he speaks to me in what he thinks is Hochdeutsch I can still hardly understand it. Yes, it's just a lucky coincidence for me that the German I learnt as a child in Hannover just happens also be the chosen form of Standard German! 😀 Gruße aus England! 🙂

As always, fascinating. Thank you!

Excellent, top-notch content. Greetings from Spain.