Are you freaking kidding me, someone reacting to the best romance movie of all times, thank you James :D

@JamesVSCinema

Жыл бұрын

Ayyyy anytime!! 🙏🏽

@breannab7112

Жыл бұрын

Shanelle Riccio has a great reaction to it too!

@yohanespaskal9352

Жыл бұрын

More chick flick like this please, how to lose a guy in ten days, serendipity, sleepless in Seattle, nothing hill, clueless. It's gonna be fun ride lmao

@rabbitandcrow

Жыл бұрын

Heck, yes.

@bentowle3478

Жыл бұрын

How many times are there?

When Harry met Sally is the blueprint of the modern romantic comedy.

Carrie Fisher was so much more than just Princess Leia. Also, Billy Crystal is an icon.

@jculver1674

Жыл бұрын

Billy Crystal is my favorite comedic actor/comedian of all time. He made so many great comedies back in the day, and his awards hosting was consistently funny and classy as hell. Sadly, he got left behind when comedy went all edgy in the early '00s, but I'd rather see his stuff than any modern comedy any day.

@Cau_No

Жыл бұрын

Has anyone reacted to "Blues Brothers" yet? Or "City Slickers"?

@Divamarja_CA

Жыл бұрын

I love both those, but City Slickers has the added bonus of Bruno Kirby, Daniel Stern and Jack Palance. James didn’t mention it but think of this, Bruno Kirby had the acting range from The Godfather Part 2 to When Harry Met Sally and City Slickers. A really talented actor.

@sharonsimmons6427

Жыл бұрын

She wrote, or rewrote the dialogue in this. She was amazing at it.

@juliell2139

Жыл бұрын

Loverboy with Patrick Dempsey. She was great in that one too.

Letting a scene breathe- such a great phrase, perfectly evocative.

The gold standard for romantic comedies. This movie is the blueprint man. Love this film.

To answer your question about who's story this film gravitates towards more, I personally feel it's both. And equally so. That's what's so compelling about this movie and what makes it stand the test of time as opposed to a lot of present day romcoms. They devoted an equal amount of time into both Harry and Sally as characters that made you root for them. Usually romcoms tend to tell it from the perspective of one character who happens to meet their love interest and that's how they generally develop their arc. But here you see both of them go through their own character development during the course of their friendship. They feel like two main characters instead of just just one main protagonist and one plot tool.

This film resonates so strongly with me. The moment at the end of the film where Harry has his moment of realization that he wants to spend the rest of his life with Sally.... I've had that. A literal moment. I know exactly when it happened. I went into that moment just being fine with dating, and being a cynic about the whole concept of 'finding your one'... and it was like a switch flipped, and it all just made sense to me. I was watching a movie alone that night, just some dumb relationship comedy, and one line that one of the characters said about 'every date isn't just a date, every one has the potential to turn into forever'.. and it just made sense to me. I heard all my previous criticisms about love, romance, and relationships, and how stupid I had sounded. I went out and bought an engagement ring the next day.

The cast in this movie is incredible. And the scene at the football game is probably one of the best sports scenes in a movie ever, and it doesn't even involve the actual sport, but rather the experience of just being a fan. Top 5 romcom ever.

Yeah great directing from Rob Reiner but credit is especially due to the screenplay- Nora Ephron is an incredible writer and this script really is something else

I really like the contrast between the Harry/Sally relationship and the Carrie Fisher/Bruno Kirby characters. This movie was probably a big influence on the show Scrubs, which also had two main characters with a constantly on-again/off-again relationship, contrasted by their best friends (Turk and Carla) who have a stable courtship and marriage/family.

If you have not checked it out “Sleepless in Seattle” is another amazing comedy/romance movie from this same time frame. Same screen writers

@fayesouthall6604

9 ай бұрын

Love Sleepless in Seattle.

I'm so glad you watched this. Rob Reiner had Hell of an initial run of films. This is spinal tap, Stand by me, the Princess bride, when Harry met Sally, misery

@jamesmoyner7499

Жыл бұрын

Then he obliterated his career with North.

@JamesVSCinema

Жыл бұрын

Really!? I’ll have to look into his films!

@haku8645

Жыл бұрын

@@jamesmoyner7499 But then he came back with The American President which more people need to watch

@mcgilj1

Жыл бұрын

I'll give his props for "A Few Good Men" as well

@mcgilj1

Жыл бұрын

And honestly.. The Sure Thing with John Cusack and Daphne Zuniga is criminally underrated.. And a great teen road trip romantic comedy..

There were a few ad-libs in this movie, and one of them is the “Waiter, there is too much pepper…” moment in the museum. You can see Meg Ryan glance off to the side at the director, kind of asking, “Are we really doing this?” Meg Ryan did two more movies Nora Ephron wrote (and directed), but her co-star was Tom Hanks: “Sleepless in Seattle” and “You’ve Got Mail.” (The latter is a remake of “The Shop Around the Corner”, which was also made into a musical, “In the Good Old Summertime.”)

This movie and the other romantic comedies of the 90s are so comforting to me. Not even in a lovey dovey, I want to fall in love kind of way. They're just fun and engaging stories with interesting characters that almost certainly have a happy ending. They give me the same good vibes as the romantic comedies in the 30s and 40s (Philadelphia Story, Bringing Up Baby, Holiday, You Can't Take It With You, etc).

This is one of those movies that never really ages, and is rewatchable to no end

I’ve kind of viewed the meta message almost as a reflection of the couples interviews…like Harry & Sally are just one of X number of couples being interviewed…and you see the cute little “on the side” comment means something insider to them, but the movie shows how every couple has a whole life story about their coupledom, and how we just scratch the surface of one another in our interactions. Really knowing someone/some couple is special; the human experience is a beautiful thing.

I'd love for you to watch other classic rom-coms! And Meg Ryan sure was the queen of rom-coms in the 80s and early 90s. You should watch "Sleepless in Seattle" and "You've got mail", she starred in both with Tom Hanks, those movies are soooo good!

This soundtrack made me fall in love with Harry Connick Jr. The intimate numbers are as good as the big band numbers. Instrumentals as good as the vocal numbers.

@Divamarja_CA

Жыл бұрын

Me too!!!!

"I'll have what she's having." Lol!! Best line in the movie and one o the most memorable in movie history!

This movie's just as much a study on differences between men and women as it is about their relationship. Love that aspect of it. Camera work, music, and main cast are on point. As for who's movie it is? I think it depends on who's watching and which one people empathize with more. Coming up on 20 years married and this has been our only "New Year's" movie since we were dating. Fits the holiday perfectly.

Thank you for this one! One of the best romance comedies of all time. Written by the great Nora Ephron and directed by Rob Reiner, with an incredible soundtrack by a young Harry Connick, Jr, which basically made him a star overnight. And what a cast. Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan at their very best, with Carrie Fisher and Bruno Kirby, no less amazing. My husband and I have been quoting this movie for the past 33 years. Who can’t relate?? Love it!

A recommendation for a romance movie done right is Say Anything. It has other themes in it too that are also done well, but overall it’s a romance. And such a good movie! By the way, I also think this is more Harry’s perspective than Sally’s, but there is enough of her perspective that it’s close to even. Definitely my favorite romantic comedy.

@adgato75

Жыл бұрын

That was the film that started John Cusack's love of kickboxing. Benny Urquidez coached him and they kept up a loose teacher/student relationship. Benny is the guy he fights in Grosse Point Blank

Relatable, believable, well acted, well shot and interesting. It’s a shame with the state of the industry that films like this rarely get made anymore. Harry’s story but maybe because I’m a man. But I feel like we get more of his perspective. Can see either one though.

Definitely one of my favorite rom-coms of all time. I love how it's neither a chick flick nor a guy movie. It's perfectly balanced and very, very funny.

Definitely one of the best romantic comedies ever made. Well made with great performances.

I love that. "Jazz makes you feel all the feels." That is so right.

I watch this movie once a year, either on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day. Sets me up on the right foot for the new year!

This film is my favorite romantic comedy or rom-com ever, it doesn’t get better than this. It’s relatable to both sides of the party, absolutely hilarious, quotable & well acted. Great reaction!

My brother and I watched this so many times when it first came out. It's like a Woody Allen film except it's funny and has likable characters 🤣

@Divamarja_CA

Жыл бұрын

It’s a love letter to New York City, which may be a factor in your Woody Allen comparison.

My mom and dad met on a blind date and they weren’t each other’s date. They were married 6 weeks later and stayed together for almost 40 years til she passed.

@fayesouthall6604

9 ай бұрын

Yep that is awesome. I met my husband. We moved into his rented house 2 weeks later. And a couple of years later we bought a home and got married with 4 months. 23 years later still going

One of my all-time favorites. A classic in every way.

When Harry Met Sally is, in my opinion, maybe the best rom-com of all time. It all feels very genuine, and real, and a lot of the conversations about the differences between men and women were inspired by conversations between Nora Ephron and Rob Reiner as the movie was being formulated and put together. If you want another very good one with a similar feel (same writer, and she also directed it,) you gotta check out Sleepless in Seattle. Another Meg Ryan flick, but with Tom Hanks as the male lead. It's great.

Halfway through this movie reaction. Oh James, I'm in agreement with you about that gorgeous scene where Harry and Sally are walking past some stunning red and yellow leaf trees. Autumn is also my favourite season, and always has been. Incidentally, during that diner orgasm scene, that lady that says "I'll have what she's having" was Rob Reiner's Mother. Rob Reiner, former "meat head" from the All in the Family 70's TV show has come such a long way as a director. Thank you so much for watching and reacting to a movie I loved in the movie theatre, purchased on VHS and bought on DVD after that. It has infinite re-watch ability. I can still recall back in 1989 before the Internet when you could call a phone number to check where movies were being played at and it even had a small review about the movie. They said "When comedians become actors, you have to see this movie" or something to that effect.

@fayesouthall6604

9 ай бұрын

I was born in September so I’ve always loved autumn.

I think this movie framed it as Their Story... two humans, one relationship. It's the relationship's story.

oh yeah, one of my favorite movies of all time. it was fun to see your reaction of watching it for the first time, since it's been a long time since i first watched it. glad you enjoyed it! i never looked at it as more harry's story or more sally's story, but as equally both their stories. 😊

Man, I love me a damn good romance film. Want to vote on what I should watch next? Click here! www.patreon.com/jamesvscinema Watching PREDATOR 2 (1990) for the first time Friday/Saturday! Enjoy the day!

@mikhailpersad1208

Жыл бұрын

have you watched The Apartment 1960?

@matthewgraham2619

Жыл бұрын

Billy Crystal has a one man stage show about his life which sounds like Harry telling stories. Edit: it's called 700 Sundays.

@rabbitandcrow

Жыл бұрын

Amaaaazing. Thanks! And as Mikhail said below, you have to watch The Apartment (and all those other Billy Wilder movies). Other amazing romances: Brief Encounter (David Lean's first Oscar), A Room With A View, The Unbearable Lightness Of Being and The Piano.

@krle24

Жыл бұрын

If you haven't already, watch About Time from 2013. That's a good romantic movie.

@Easy_Skanking

Жыл бұрын

Another excellent romantic movie that pulls in elements of becoming and adult is "Say Anything" with John Cusack and Ione Sky. Their chemistry really works and makes the film feel genuine and kind of awkward. It is a classic with a great soundtrack.

“You made a woman meow 😻 “ one of my favorite movie lines of all time. 😂

Its refreshing to hear someone talk intelligently about Jazz. Thank you.

This is my New Years Eve film, one of the greats. Love is chaotic and I like films that show it that way rather than a Hollywood Fairytale. Thanks for the hard work you put in to your channel x

Is it me or were movies just better back then? Not sure if it’s just nostalgia but whatever formula they had back then it feels like they are missing the ingredients today.

@LudvikM

Жыл бұрын

All of the above :)

@denniszenanywhere

Жыл бұрын

Yes, they were better back then. Great movies are made by South Korean directors now.

A love letter to New York

"Someone's staring at you in Personal Growth."

Spectacular romcom. I think the only one that can hold a candle to it is Sleepless in Seattle. That one is the definition of "Romantic." But you can't really go wrong where Meg Ryan is concerned.

@oregonchick76

Жыл бұрын

I was going to recommend more Meg Ryan movies for some genuinely enjoyable romance films. Not just Sleepless in Seattle and You've Got Mail, which are of course phenomenal, but less remembered ones like French Kiss and IQ, or the oddball ones like Joe vs the Volcano and Addicted to Love. For a romantic drama, When a Man Loves a Woman is a solid choice, too.

This is one of my favorite movies. I’m glad you liked it as well and I enjoyed your review. I love that Rob Reiner used New York City like it was another character in the film.

My favorite romantic comedy! I can watch this over and over. Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan have great chemistry. And you're right, their relationship is so much more believable than most romances out there.

I love how you love jazz, you've mentioned it often. Me too! I liked your observation that this film is like jazz. It absolutely is.

This is not only my favorite romance movie but a top contender for movies in general. Movies don't normally show the whole process of a friendship turning into love. It also hits close to home because my fiance and I are quite similar. We were friends for 8 years before we started dating.

In thinking about it, I think it's more Harry's story. It's even in a way focused that way in the title -- "When HARRY met Sally." But I do think we get to see growth in both of them as people over the years of this film and because of that it's both of their stories, each as individuals as well as the two of them as a couple and how they came together after a long unusual friendship. We see the evolution of everything and it's such great fun. I especially like the interjection of various couples talking about how they got together (each couple so unique and funny), and it rounds out with Harry and Sally doing the same thing. ❤ Just a well-written, well-acted, well-directed film all around. SO good.

I loved seeing you have such a good time watching this movie, which is a great re-watch for me whenever fall comes back around. Also, really enjoyed seeing you make connections to the jazz score & tracks they chose to the story, and how the camerawork and camera movement helped move the storytelling forward.

The stories from the older couples are all true! Rob Reiner got the stories and hired actors to tell them. I love those little scenes. Nine extra floors :)

I screened this with my 16 yr old son recently. He loves Billy Crystal & had seen City Slickers, which is hilarious, & loved loved this. Absolutely love this film! … my son, after the infamous deli scene, he turned & said, “does that really happen?! “He’s never gonna leave her”

James! 🥰 Love that you reacted to this! Your commentary was so spot on! Loved how you taught me something new about this movie that I've seen already, in the music and how it aides the writing so much more than I realized. Have a few suggestions even if you dont watch on your channel they are must sees. Cairo Time, Shopgirl and Chasing Amy. 3 romance movies that are very intimate, unconventional but very beautiful. Shopgirl, I can actually say gave me a heart swell and I thought that was only descriptive before, lol! Ty for reacting to this! Made my day! 🌻

You should watch "You've Got Mail" because it's almost time for a bouquet of sharpened pencils. Watch the movie and you'll see what I mean.

this is one of my favorites you really want both these characters to get together.

One if not the best script ever written ! I'm liking without even watching it !

One of the all time great romcoms! It’s wonderfully written, well directed, beautifully acted. The chemistry between Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal is fantastic! It’s incredibly satisfying. It’s a very rewatchable movie. The scene after they meet up again in the bookstore then go to a restaurant together, is such a shining example of how good Meg Ryan is. I really lament how her career took a dive, cause she was genuinely good.

@valleya6114

Жыл бұрын

Lets face it, acting gigs become pretty scarce for women especially as they age, and who knows the scripts she was being offered made her step back... Only a handful, like Sally Field & Meryl Streep and a few others are able to mature and move throughout the times. Ryan is good and has awesome acting range, but instead of aging gracefully; get caught up trying to fight the inevitable. And, who can blame them when you see yourself on the big screen; probably does a number on your head?

@movieswithsammykitty

Жыл бұрын

@@valleya6114 Oh yeah. It is vicious for older women, and I’m sure it really messes with a person’s head.

Some of my favorite romance movies are older. Roman Holiday and Bringing Up Baby are my top 2 recommendations

@bespectacledheroine7292

Жыл бұрын

Roman Holiday feels very anti Hollywood in how it all plays out stepping back. I appreciate that about it.

@sueshoemaker2924

Жыл бұрын

@@bespectacledheroine7292 I like your anti Hollywood description . I always refer to those films as having the right ending not the Hollywood ending. I wish more films had the right ending...

Oh yeah, the soundtrack is Harry Connick Jr and it's fantastic. It was also his big break as a musician and later as an actor. Bought this album on CD in the 90s. Very good music.

grew up watching it and love it

The diner scene is an absolute classic.

You've made my day with this reaction my good man!!! I adore this film and to see one of my favourite reactors enjoy it too was a dream

I love your takes, I always learn something watching your analysis - thanks

One of my favorite movies! I think it does a great job of being both Harry's and Sally's story. Carrie Fisher was great in this too! I love movies that are true-to-life romance movies like this one. Since you enjoyed this movie and Billy Crystal's comedy style, I would suggest watching Forget Paris! ❤~Caroline

Really enjoyed how much you enjoyed this one !

I love how you can track their relationship in the film. Like Barry was initially always attracted to slaly( found her cute) but didn’t liek her cuz he didn’t know her that well then their budding friendship and eventually romance😊 but what really defined their relationship was the RESPECT tehy ahd for one another. Like when Harry went off on slaly cuz he was upset he crossed a line and Sally told him off for it and he quickly apologized. Like I LOVE it

definitely Harry's story. It was his philosophy that was tested

"The shoes are gonna be swapped on the other side." - JVC

Was a joy sharing your reaction, your articulation of your thoughts and feelings continues to be what makes your content so rewarding, as always, stay awesome, stay genuine... much love

This has been my Christmas film since it came out on tape. I knew lots of couples just like them in the 70s through the 90s. You can watch the clockwork crank along until they finally figure it out. Glad you got it. Good reaction analysis. Thanks.

I saw this in the theater in 1989 when it came out. Damn, I feel old. And yep, it is a great movie!

What a great film, it's been a while since I last watched this. The dialogue is still as good as I remember it and the laid back jazz flowing through the film add another dimension to it. Someone below mentioned Spinal Tap by the same director, it's one to the best Rock Mockumentaries out there. If you fancy a darker/comedy romance?, you could try "War of the Roses" directed by Danny DeVito and starring Michael Douglas & Kathleen Turner well worth a watch.

Like the jazz soundtrack, New York City is so much a character in its own right in this film. Wonderfully done!

@jannasomewhere2889

Жыл бұрын

Agreed. And they are both complementary. Like NYC cheesecake and sour cherry topping. Classic pairing.

This is in my Top Ten of Romance Movies... Thanks for reacting

One of my favourite films ever. Rewatches reveal so much subtlety.

james, an underrated romance you should watch is “about time.” it also has a bit of sci-fi, and i think you’d love it!

What makes this film great is that it hits all the points we always get wrong. It saves us all when the realization envelopes them and they are able to do something about it. It replaces the longing and remorse we all have in us. It makes us feel better because it does what we failed to do. Recognize that great love we squandered. Unlike Harry, we were too immature or too self-indulgent to recognize a good thing when we had it. Harry gave us a victory in the face of our annihilation. Thanks Harry. I still wince when I think of her.

Great reaction! 😊 RIP always to Carrie Fisher! She played Sally's friend Marie. This is one of my favorite Meg Ryan movies. "I'll have what she's having." Favorite scene of the whole movie. Three other Meg Ryan movies that I highly recommend: Joe vs. the Volcano, Sleepless in Seattle, and You've Got Mail. The Tom Hanks & Meg Ryan trilogy. Looking forward to your next reaction. 😊

This film is so quotable, it's awesome. It's so much fun. "Oh sure, but 'Baby Fish Mouth' is sweeping the nation." "I'll have what she's having..." "Someone is staring at you in Personal Growth." "You made a woman meow?" "How am I high maintenance?... "Waiter, I'll begin with a house salad, but I don't want the regular dressing. I'll have the balsamic vinegar and oil, but on the side. And then the salmon with the mustard sauce, but I want the mustard sauce on the side. 'On the side' is a very big thing for you." "THAT'S the sex fantasy you've been having since you were twelve?" ... "Sometimes I vary it a little." ... "Which part?"... "What I'm wearing." "This stupid wagon wheel ROY ROGERS GARAGE SALE COFFEE TABLE!"... "I thought you liked it!" ... "I WAS BEING NICE!" "I've decided from now on today we will speak like dis... 'Waiter, there is too much pepper on my paprikash. But I would be proud to partake of your pecan pie... pecan pie... pecan piiiiiiiiie'." 😆 And so many others. ❤ It really is one of the best romantic comedies of all time.

Bruno Kirby, who played Billy Crystal's Harry's friend Jess in _When Harry Met Sally...,_ was young Clemenza in _The Godfather Part II!_

Best line in movie history "I'll have what she's having" lol

Another great Rom-com from Meg Ryan is "Sleepless in Seattle." And one with Billy Crystal is "Forget Paris."

I loved your reaction. My favorite romance film of all time is *A Room With A View* -- it assembles one of the greatest casts ever and is light and romantic from the opening credits. I highly recommend it. As a side note about *When Harry Met Sally* , its director, Rob Reiner, between 1984 and 1995 directed, amongst several other films, *This Is Spinal Tap, The Princess Bride, Stand By Me, Misery, When Harry Met Sally, A Few Good Men* and *The American President* which are all classics. Sadly he did not keep up that level of film, but it's an extraordinary run.

I love this movie! Great music, great casting all around, and so hilarious. And the fact that you happened to post a reaction to it on my birthday yesterday makes it an extra special treat! Thanks, James! 😉☺🙃

@JamesVSCinema

Жыл бұрын

Yoooo happy birthday!!

@sherrysink3177

Жыл бұрын

@@JamesVSCinema Thanks, James! 😄😊 Have a great weekend!

This is the gold standard for the modern RomCom. Gold.

my fave romcom has gotta be you’ve got mail. man i sob every time

the second best movie of all time next to clue the first time I saw this in college I watched it 5 times so good

This is a great movie, it just unfolds for you, not taking itself too seriously, like peering into the lives of people you would like to know in real life. Now, Bruno Kirby, the friend of Harry in this movie, this is my second favorite movie with him in it. "Tin Men" (1987), that is my favorite Bruno Kirby movie. My friend showed me this movie around 2004, and I loved it as much as she did. She died of cancer in 2006, and it turns out that Bruno Kirby died of cancer as well in 2006. I love "Tin Men" because of the dialogue, it's just such good writing, and I could watch it over and over again. But I don't. Because it reminds me of my friend who is gone. And you're right, James, it does seem like it's more about Harry than Sally. And maybe that's why it's called "When Harry Met Sally" and not "When Sally Met Harry".

Carrie Fisher was known as a script doctor. I believe this was one of the first films she was given credit for it, but I don’t remember if she’s credited in the credits. 😁😆

One of my favorite rom-coms, but after the first time seeing it, i could only think "I give them 2 years at best".

Good question James. You're right, there's no right or wrong answer but I'd say Harry story because of his arc. I re-watched that movie last year in Cinema at The Park in NYC in Queens and it was really nice moment. Happy New Year Bro!!!

The woman in the restaurant that said “I’ll have what she’s having” is director Rob Reiner’s mother.

@jessm.porthos

Жыл бұрын

Ooo fun

I think you would really enjoy another Billy Crystal romcom, “Forget Paris” - it’s hilarious and full of heart

I remember this film causing me déjà vu. An article in Premiere magazine October 1989 titled “When Harry Met Woody” [Allen] explains how 14 elements in this film had already been used in either “Annie Hall” or “Manhattan.”

@donrumata369

Жыл бұрын

It's a watered down carbon copy. It's well done but lackluster compared to those films you mentioned. Billy Crystal is a slicker less neurotic version of Allen. Manhattan is equal parts epic and intimate. I'd also recommend "Hannah and Her Sisters"

21:01 In my estimation, this movie has about the most balanced approach to the Male / Female perspective of anything I've ever watched. Another great example (and another great Rom-Com) is Sleepless In Seattle, also with Meg Ryan (and Tom Hanks).

If you liked this..I highly recommend the parody "When Harry Met Sally 2" short that Crystal made for Funny or Die.. It's really fun clever and meta commentary on films at the time.

You often say you like when the films can breathe. The filmmakers are not afraid to let the films breathe... You definitely need to see David Cronenberg films too. He allows a lot of room for that sort of thing to go along with thoughtfulness, intellect and all sorts of other things. Love to see the reactions of all these films. Films I haven't seen for many years

This movie was very big in its day. And it was the catalyst for the modern romcom

So glad you hit this one!! OMG....please footnote this next suggestion when you get around to the nextroma tic film. It's called Serendipity..and stars John Cusack and Kate Beckinsal.. Well written, funny, shot beautifully in NYC ..around Christmas..and just a tease..nope won't do it..Please put this one on your list....love your reactions to GREAT FILM MAKING!

My favourite movie of all time, such a nice, simple, well written and cozy film.

I’m not a big romcom fan but this and Moonstruck are the few who make the cut.