Hey Space Timers! It's nice to be releasing episodes again. If you're looking for comment responses for the last six episodes, check out Matt's comment response here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/eqGDs9R-lMvZpaw.html

@WindsorMason

Жыл бұрын

🙌

@Alann103

Жыл бұрын

Olá, eu sou brasileiro e gosto muito dos seus vídeos e os vejo pelo tradutor automático, seria muito legal se tivessem legendas diretas em português ou espanhol. Agradecido pelos vídeos de ciência!

@osmosisjones4912

Жыл бұрын

Do our bodies affect surrounding air pressure and temperature and electrons. So now come out brains don't have any affects on pressure or electron path ways based energy levels on space

@kevinshumaker3753

Жыл бұрын

But, IIRC, your time frame given for the 1/10^100 odds of any particular pattern occurring is non-sense, as it is just as likely to happen in the beginning, in the middle, or at the end. The ONLY time the end of the time frame applies is if you want to know how long it will take for ALL POSSIBILITIES to happen.

@Jackson-dt7tz

Жыл бұрын

How many times do you have to shot the videos to get it all in one take? Just realized most the content on this channel is a single shot.

I love the minigame at the end of every episode where you have to guess how they’re gonna tie in the words “space time”

@backwashjoe7864

11 ай бұрын

And just like in every episode of Perry Mason, I never get it right!

Cheers to the likely unsung heros of Space Time, the Graphics Artists. Great looking episode.

@johnbrooks6243

Жыл бұрын

The video is pretty baller💀🤨 Yknow what I mean

@markthebldr6834

Жыл бұрын

Are you the artist?

@Blindseeker82033

Жыл бұрын

@@markthebldr6834Oh no, that'd be rather gauche.

@dr.victorvs

Жыл бұрын

People comment something like this in every episode 😅 The only way they're "unsung" is that none of those comments have actual songs. And to be fair, there are no songs about Matt either.

@Blindseeker82033

Жыл бұрын

@@dr.victorvs Thanks. Good to know.

After all these years, I finally understand the difference between bosons and fermions. Videos like this make me wish I was 15 years younger and could study this in school again

@bipolarminddroppings

10 ай бұрын

Your hormones would distract you just as much the second time around.

@kennythelenny6819

6 ай бұрын

Yeah the problem is using big words and math you can't easily digest when describing lots of science but we all have a different way of intuiting abstract information. It is why when you get an epiphany about new knowledge it feels so obvious and natural because you can relate it to a particular thing...the problem is there are many microstates of things for everyone so that the probability of them lining up is low but when you get it you finally really get it into a ''macrostate.''

I love how the intro to chapter one "Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics" of [1] reads "Ludwig Boltzmann, who spent much of his life studying statistical mechanics, died in 1906, by his own hands. Paul Ehrenfest, carrying on the work, died similarly in 1933. Now it is our turn to study statistical mechanics." Truly the most hardcore intro to a graduate textbook ever. [1]: David. L. Goodstein, "States of Matter" (New York: Dover, 1975)

@ArawnOfAnnwn

Жыл бұрын

😂😂🤣🤣😅😅😅.....🥲

@pierfrancescopeperoni

Жыл бұрын

I'm going to tell Papa Flammy about this intro, so he can post it as a meme.

@FLPhotoCatcher

Жыл бұрын

Studying a difficult subject increases how much energy someone's brain uses, and thus increases entropy in their brain. So anyone who chooses to study Thermodynamics, chooses a subject that will probably lead to a shorter life.

@toughenupfluffy7294

Жыл бұрын

@@FLPhotoCatcher That and being unjustly rejected by peers who should know better.

@Laff700

Жыл бұрын

Thermodynamics is inherently depressing.

My favorite lesson from stat mech is that it is possible, though extremely unlikely, for all the oxygen in the room to be in the corner and you suffocate.

@jamesmnguyen

Жыл бұрын

You better hope you can hold your breath for long enough.

@kennythelenny6819

6 ай бұрын

why has it never happened ever then?

@ildar5184

6 ай бұрын

@@kennythelenny6819 Because the probability of it is so insanely low that we may just assume that on practice it's 0.

This kind of video sparked my interests back into physics and mathematics after years out of school. I invested in getting the Feynman lectures out of regain of interest, and your videos continue to server as a motivational beacon as they help me visualize and think about lectures. Thank you for what you are doing, it really matters at least to me.

@EddyA1337

Жыл бұрын

No you don't! Stop the lies! It's all secrets and lies!

@mamamheus7751

Жыл бұрын

Same here, minus the forking out for the lectures. I just keep watching channels like this, Fermi Lab and even ones like Cool Hard Logic, Martymer 81, Potholer 54, the Living Dinosaur & Thunderf00t (amongst many others!) who all started out introducing different types of science and maths to young Earth creationists and then moved on (or did more alongside) their areas of expertise. I'm not sure what CHL does but he knows a ton about maths & cosmology, but the rest in order cover physics, geology, biochemistry and any number of areas of expertise but essentially a nuclear chemist (I think that's his closest description). They can all talk about other subjects well but will always say that it's not their subject, or they don't talk about it in the first place. Unlike creationists and other fundies.

@dongentle6896

Жыл бұрын

Matt inspired me so much that I’m back at university doing a BSc majoring in Maths and hoping to do a Masters in Astrophysics, I just turned 65 yo.

@dreamdeckup

Жыл бұрын

I'm currently reading the Feynman lectures and even as someone who somewhat studied physics they are a lot of fun.

@jmcoday1

8 ай бұрын

Awwwww

Here is first paragraph from the book "States of matter" by Goodstein. 1.1 INTRODUCTION: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF THE PERFECT GAS Ludwig Boltzmann, who spent much of his life studying statistical mechanics, died in 1906, by his own hand. Paul Ehrenfest, carrying on the work, died similarly in 1933. Now it is our turn to study statistical mechanics.

@darianbell3204

Жыл бұрын

I love how the next paragraph starts as "Perhaps it is wise to approach the subject cautiously."

@taylorjeffery4145

Жыл бұрын

One of the greatest physics memes of all time.

@JK-ir2yo

11 ай бұрын

This got me to read Boltzmann & Ehrenfest's wikipedias. I have whiplash from reading Ehrenfest's ending

Liechtenstein and San Marino are microstates, whereas Canada is a macrostate.

@winstonknowitall4181

Жыл бұрын

There's also some degenerate matter, a.k.a. ruSSia.

@seanhewitt603

Жыл бұрын

Canaduh is a colony built on stolen land.

@erik-ic3tp

Жыл бұрын

@@winstonknowitall4181, North Korea, Eritrea etc.

@nektariosorfanoudakis2270

Жыл бұрын

@@winstonknowitall4181 Profile pic checks out, isn't "degenerate" an insult Nazis use anyway?

@winstonknowitall4181

Жыл бұрын

@@nektariosorfanoudakis2270 I have no idea what insults ruZZian Nazis use, sorry.

Wow. Fermions and Bosons make a lot more sense now. This was really helpful. I'll have to watch this again, I think there's a few more details to pick up.

@EddyA1337

Жыл бұрын

I like bewbs

I’m a mechanical engineering graduate and was told to take Stat Mech by my advisor since I was going to work in molecular dynamics. As the only mechanical engineer in a physics class of 40 students, I single-handedly brought the class average down by a full grade 😂 So to you my dear reader I say this: Have faith in yourself, you got this 💪🏻😂

@wjrasmussen666

Жыл бұрын

Good work!

@ameyakale2739

Жыл бұрын

@@wjrasmussen666 thanks I guess 😂

@danielsocher3763

Жыл бұрын

I wonder how you did that! If the other 39 scored a top score of say 10/10 and you scored the lowest possible score of 1/10, then you could only bring the class average down by .225

@ameyakale2739

Жыл бұрын

@@danielsocher3763 let’s just say the abysmal performance was spread across the entire semester

@DemPilafian

Жыл бұрын

@@danielsocher3763 The flaw in your analysis is due to using traditional math instead of quantum math. Grade distribution is influenced by spooky action at a distance.

Statistical mechanics was one of the five most difficult classes I took when I was in undergrad. But I'm so grateful I studied it. It's cool to see it applied to astrophysics!!

@butthole9843

Жыл бұрын

What were the other four hardest classes, tho?!

@butthole9843

Жыл бұрын

What were the other four hardest classes, tho?!

@me0101001000

Жыл бұрын

@@butthole9843 the others were fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, crystallography, and mass transfer. Bane of my goddamn existence.

@__Gary__

Жыл бұрын

@@me0101001000 thanks for reminding me how uneducated I am.

@yayaya6799

Жыл бұрын

Dang, I also did not know some of this before and also hated Stat Mech and Thermo. Did not mind fluid mech, but don't think I did much with crystallography.

We do these kind of Macrostate/Microstate calculations all day with colors. You can perceive orange as the pure wavelength or as a combination of red and green light.

I happened to just complete my graduate-level statistical mechanics course this semester. This video being released the day after my final exam is a traumatic coincidence. Lol

Wow this was amazing; I took an intro stat mech/thermodynamics course about 3yr ago and remembered being confused on the distinction between macrostate & microstate. You and the Spacetime team did a phenomenal job in explaining this and also key fundamentals of particle statistics. Awesome video! This is one of my favorites (partially biased as a stat mech enjoyer)

Dr. Matt O’Dowd, thank you for this exceptionally clear and well-done video on the deep importance of statistics to fundamental physics.

I've always loved this subject because it makes quantum physics seem so simple, the fact that a simple mathematical law is behind so many observations. Essentially everything follows from "the most likely outcome is the outcome you will observe"

@Daniel-ih4zh

Жыл бұрын

Why do you think this

@JanVerny

Жыл бұрын

It's exactly the other way though.

I like how statistically, over enough period of time, any configuration of space possible should be able to simply come into existence randomly. And how mathematically this also is the same amount of time that it takes for everything in the universe to disappear.

@EddyA1337

Жыл бұрын

Not true ya doper

@Michaelonyoutub

Жыл бұрын

Yeah all microstates are equally likely, so at the end of the universe huge cores of remnant stars will eventually randomly end up in the microstate where enough matter is pack together to spontaneously collapse into a blackhole, which will then evaporate away

@rb1471

Жыл бұрын

Not true. Just because something is infinite, doesn't mean it contains all possibilities. While this statement could be true for simple things like discussed in the video, extending this out to the universe is not true

@ThePowerLover

Жыл бұрын

@@rb1471 Not true either.

@hexagonist23

Жыл бұрын

There is a very low probability that an identical clone of you will appear in your room. Very unlikely, but not impossible.

Statistical mechanics has given us the most intriguing explanation for entropy

Funny how just yesterday I was taking an exam in Statistical Mechanics, partition functions are so fun to calculate in most ensembles minus the microcanonical.

@nohbudinose

Жыл бұрын

I did mine a week before. It was in fact a wild ride. The last homework assignment was pretty rough, having to derive density of states functions for Maxwell, Bose, and Fermi.

This is your best video to date. Excellent explanation of the difference between Fermion and Boson particles

I'm suddenly seized by the _linguistic_ aspect of this discussion. A “seven” is the most likely outcome of “rolling two dice” merely because of an arbitrary cultural convention of naming the state by adding all the upward-facing pips. If we bet on odd/even, or the difference between the red die and the blue die, or how nearly the edges of the dice aligned north-south, we'd see different results with different distributions. This doesn't have any obvious profound implications for traditional applications like air pressure in a room (except possibly near edges?), but once we start looking at problems involving classification-? Then again, it could be argued that's what's happening in the Fermi-Dirac case: we've changed the underlying algebra.

@footleg3310

Жыл бұрын

Yes! Isn’t this the case with all discussions of “entropy?” We impose an anthropic bias to select an arbitrary arrangement that we call “order,” and then note that the system tends to not produce our “unlikely” patterned state.

"Bouncy death storm" pleased me more than I can say.

It's been more than a decade since I was in school (chem eng with some grad CFD), and this gave me some flashbacks of deriving the Navier-Stokes equation and the accuracy of the continuum assumption. My wife got a chuckle overhearing me blurt out, "WHAT ABOUT REAL ATTRACTIONS AND REAL VOLUME?" and "FUGACITY" as I watched this. But an actual question. Heisenberg was quoted as saying, "When I meet God, I am going to ask him two questions: why relativity? And why turbulence? I really believe he will have an answer for the first." I was wondering if you'd considered a video on turbulence, though I could see how it might be a little outside the normal scope. (Which is technically a statement, grammatically.) Anyway, thanks for the great content!

Stat mech has always been my favorite topic. Had the most fun with this compared to almost any other class in college.

"The balls are small enough that they never actually hit each other." Animation shows the red ball bouncing off at several other balls. :P

Yeah! Good to see new content. Haven't a bloody clue but still fascinating stuff.

You guys should do more videos on this topic! Really interesting!

When I took an advanced physics course (I forgot the formal name) in college and learned this. It really blew my mind about how much of physics is just statistics and how other phenomenon can be derived from such.

I used the Reif textbook for both my undergrad and graduate stat mech classes. Great textbook!

I always come up snake eyes somehow anyway. * kicks the dirt *

What's so fascinating about statistical mechanics for me is how purely mathematical arguments are able to give us deep insight into the fundamental laws of physics.

@samvv

Жыл бұрын

Apparently, it's also vice-versa: physics inspiring mathematics

@456dave7

Жыл бұрын

@@samvv that's true, but unlike in other areas of physics, where we start with some physical assumptions or postulates (e.g. quantum mechanics), statistical mechanics seems to be a sequence of entirely mathematical arguments, which nonetheless predict reality (e.g. 2nd law of thermodynamics).

@samvv

Жыл бұрын

​@@456dave7 Yeah that's true 😊

@ThePowerLover

Жыл бұрын

@@456dave7 But "math" is fruit of observing the world, like counting apples.

@samvv

Жыл бұрын

@@ThePowerLover That's a deep philosophical question right there.

Suskind has a great stat mec course in Stanford open courses. The field is known as a favorite past time of great theoretical physicists, simple but unpredictable and amazing results from rather simple mathematics. It’s amazing that the field of statistics itself is only a couple hundred years old. It’s not intuitive, and it’s complexity and nuance is an surprise for most students. Lots of fun for life time learners.

Brain melted as always. Awesome. The more I watch the more I feel we are exactly the same as fish, in an ocean of space and could never comprehend or understand what’s above or below the water.

Thank you for making statistical mechanics approachable to anyone with a rudimentary understanding of statistical mathematics.

This video was more informative than an entire university module

Emergent properties are truly the most fascinating part of our Universe. And they are everywhere; we saw yet another example recently with LLMs, which gives a hint that consciousness itself is also one of them.

"Cosmic Craps" is a really mean thing to call the universe PBS

I remember only one question from my statistical physics exam. It was "Ideal gas in gravitational field". I remember that deriving it was not easy. I got an approximated solution but still I got the best score in my class.

I have been waiting for this video for 3 weeks. Thanks so much for making fun and digestible videos PBSspacetime.

Yeah I had to cover a chunk of this for my master’s thesis in catalysis. Between that and my undergrad in physical chemistry… it sure paints a different lens to view astrophysics through. Entropy and Chaotic Determinism can bring you through some dark places.

Particles obeying the laws of Fermi-Dirac statistics are called fermions, but if the coin-flip had come up tails, we would call them diracions.

@kukulroukul4698

Жыл бұрын

Dirac vs Bargmann-Wigner is still UNSOLVED ! so

Excellent video. Keep the hard work.

Aw man this was a good one. It scratched the itch

1:00 11s ,,master thermodynamics, there is too many of them. What are we going to do?'' blows at them

Thanks for the streams

This reminds me of the first few chapters of physical chemistry. (thermodynamics). Classical ensembles are fascinating.

@kukulroukul4698

Жыл бұрын

dont get me starting with the neutrinos ...im absolutely FASCINATED by those. and i dont know WHY exactly is that...maybe because it involves machines and experiments that triggers me ?

Love how this video comes out a few days after I passed my statmech exam with exactly 1 point above passing grade :)

Superb video, as always!

How fitting - tonight I'm wrapping up grading for graduate stat mech as my final TA duties of grad school! (I graduate officially tomorrow after defending about a month ago.)

"a bouncy death storm" don't threaten me with a good time, Dr. Matt.

I have been avoiding getting into the math. this videoe convinced me i must dig into the statistical mechanics !

Thanks!! This is great!!

I loved statistical physics in university. Classical physics uses simple mathematics to explain so much of the world around us, and that aspect is what many physicist first fall in love with in physics. I felt statistical physics was a beautiful more modern extension of the idea of simple mathematics explaining the complex world around us, making so much more about the world simple and understandable. You take something so simple and ridiculous at first, like why would all of the complexities of matter be simplified down to a few random numbers? and then somehow end up deriving all of the states of matter and thermodynamics, it blew my mind. Then those principals can be applied to even more complex problems throughout physics, giving them simple to apply solutions, it is incredible what you can do with it.

This was wonderful, thank you!

Excellent explanation

Both Boltzmann and Ehrenfest discovered, possibly posthumously, the FIFTH law of thermodynamics: "Things get worse under pressure."

Thanks for this

One of the coolest things about statistical mechanics is that a lot of systems with chaotic microstates (chaotic systems) have macrostates which aren't chaotic. A lot of the study of chaotic systems is in finding well behaved macrostates (perhaps states which share a value of an invariant) which can then be predicted, modeled, and experimented upon. Keeping this in mind is also important for your scientific literacy: one of the easiest ways to spot a quack talking about climate change for example is to see if they complain about "compounding errors" in climate change. The macrostates in climate study (the rolling average number of hurricanes in a sample of years for example) are actually fairly stable and have been predicted with increasing accuracy for the past 50 years. It's the weather (=microstates) that exhibit chaos, not climate!

I was just thinking of this earlier. Like how the qauntom realm directly effects atomic structures. It’s also why I believe in the great cold crunch, when all the energy hidden behind the qauntom realm breaks free as atomic structures freeze to a point of crumbling. And as we know energy can’t be destroyed only converted into something else, thus the energy release causes the universe to enter a new extremely hot and dense state, until the energy goes from plasmid to new universe falling into the great heat death and cold crunch. Infinitely.

I’ve been doing a lot of studying for stat mech lately since that’s one of two qualifying exams I need to pass to move on to dissertation work. Hopefully all I need to know will condensate into my memory bin and not fly out.

I feel like that was one of the longest closing lines to lead up to "... spacetime". But well put, Matt, per usual.

What you call as energy here is actually moving forces of which some can be converted into temperature due to collisions among particles. The collisions cause frictional forces which convert lost moving forces into heat.

Good dynamic on why bigger heavier elements do not stay together!

Einstein: God does not play dice Spacetime: Don't tell him what to do

@MCsCreations

Жыл бұрын

It's not a "he" in this case... Einstein was a pantheist (as I am as well). We just say "god" to mean nature, the universe... The sum of everything.

@kukulroukul4698

Жыл бұрын

@@MCsCreations can i join ? :)

@MCsCreations

Жыл бұрын

@@kukulroukul4698 Of course you can. It's not a religion, it's more a philosophy... And a feeling you have when in contact with nature, when looking at a picture from Hubble... And so on.

@anglaismoyen

Жыл бұрын

​@@MCsCreations well that's trite

@ThePowerLover

Жыл бұрын

@@MCsCreations But a "sum" understood as more than the "sum of the parts".

I propose an episode titled "Because quantum mechanics" in which you explain exactly why fermions don't play nice together. And since position is one of the states they won't share, what happens when they are close but not exactly sharing the same position? Either a property is perfectly binary or it's not, right?

I love coming back to these videos when I'm feeling smart. I suddenly stop.

It only took 8 minutes to get to Boltzman. I was waiting! I'm not holding my breath for a disembodied space brain to discover us on earth, but there's something comforting knowing that somewhere out there.... Hahaha. Love PBS Spacetime!

Long time viewer, really appreciating your work. Thanks Matt and team!

This is like the statistical groupings of Lego set distribution! ❤

It is videos like these that got me into astrophysics, I’m almost done with my undergraduate

man i love those episodes

Like the Heisenberg-Compensator in Startrek or the Flux-Generator in BTTF, we need an Entropy-Shaper or Optimizer to bring all the balls in a rare shape .) This must be a field generator for objects nearby. Then you can manipulate the outcome of specific events 🙂

I have sometimes said that the world that we know is a statistical one. We can barely even talk about our experiences without there being an underlying statistical phenomenon that lies beneath our gross experiences.

Awesome. Didnt know about Fermi-Dirac statistics

This video really takes a different angle to explain things. Gonna have to rewatch a few times. Interesting way to categorize elementary particles.

00:01 I pick 12, because it is the "upper limit" 🕶

@PBS Space Time My proposition for a single unified theory is waiting on you Matt

Dear Prof. O'Dowd, when you introduce at 8:12 the Boltzmann-Maxwell distribution, a very old question pops again into my mind. How are actually the Boltzmann-Maxwell distribution and the Planck law related? Here my train of thoughts. Looking at the form of the curve they resemble each other, furthermore there are quite striking similarities in the equations. Looking at the exponential part 1/e^(mv^2/2KbT) I cannot help but notice something similar in the Plank law, 1/e^(hv/KbT)-1 where v in this case is the greek letter nu. In the distribution there is the term kinetic energy "mv^2/2", in the Plank law the energy of a photon "hv" having frequency v. Sure, the equations also differ a bit beside the exponential part, but since we are talking about statistics here, and quantum theory makes a pillar of probabilities, well, I just thought maybe statistical mechanics is yet another way for quantum behaviours to be "spotted" in the classical world, like the vibrating spring for example... I hope you read the question because this is something really teasing my mind, honestly. Anyway, great episode, honouring an outstanding show!

@andreacausero4342

Жыл бұрын

Pardon me, I wrote "vibrating spring" even though I meant "vibrating string"

Was that (12:06) a "an astute student..." Shankar reference? Well done.

This reminds me of a lecture with the great Hans-Uno Bengtsson, ~30 years ago. He asked: "Have you ever worried about taking a breath, while at the same time all air molecules happened to be going away from you so there was no air to breathe?", and then calculated the probability of that happening by throwing balls at us. 😋⚾

@kukulroukul4698

Жыл бұрын

funny enough in Jeddah they play the same game but simulating high pressures instead :P

Oof, I've had a hobbyist's interest in physics since I was young and I'm just now picking up on fermions being named after Fermi.

@fluffysheap

Жыл бұрын

Yes. Also the Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs 😊

your diagram of selected energy stats remind me of how the higgs boson sets how the universe behaves

this episode is ballin'

One of the best videos ever. So much insight. And my intuition of entropy has further increased because of it❤

Love the hoodie. What brand is it. I need to get one of those

I finally understand why "bosons" and "fermions" are named what they are.

Matt, you and the team are a light that, beyond shining brighter than than a kiloquásar, ignites something greater than organic life (for it prevents organic understanding from not expanding towards itself, even with unfortunate distractions such as `kiloquasar’ or the following:) PBSST > photosynthesis Photosynthesis just preceded PBSST.

8:49 Settlers of Catan Shout Out!

In an alternate universe the Maxwell Boltzman distributions are called "Maxwell's Hierarchy of Speeds". I'll see myself out...

It's interesting that this episode comes out right after I watch all of Stephen Wolfram's interviews with Lex Fridman. Wolfram's computational approach to physics got me into exactly the headspace for this episode to really hit home. Cart before the horse maybe, but I love it when multiple angles of similar topics pop up in the same week. Great episode! Keep up the good work!

Singularity and the Holographic Principle (my idea) Is that "Singularity" is not a physical thing or a real object, it is a "point" that is infinitely far away from the edge of the Event Horizon, the same way the any point inside the hyperbolic 3D space is infinitely far away from the "Flat Surface" of a flat cycilnder that is wrapped around our universe. So basically our entire, not just Observable, but ENTIRE universe, is inside a mega-massive Black Hole. And we see the "Accelarating Expansion" of surrounding universe because we are keep falling into the BH that we are all inside. And we all are still alive and not spaghettified because the process of falling inside, from our perspective, is so slow that it wwill take a lot of time for our Entire Universe (all the matter that has fallen into the BH) to reach such depth inside the BH that will tear the atoms apart. The other question, is, is Our Universe finite? I mean, if we are inside a Ultra Massive BH, it could not have consumed an infinite amount of matter/energy, since it is probably impossible. Or, this could be explained by the fact that the Big Bang happened everywhere at the same time, and the density of energy at that time was enough to create a Ultra Massive Black Hole that gathered EVERYTHING from the Big Bang, and that's were we all are. Inside a BH. MR PBS Space Time Dude, I really hope to see your feedback on my thoughts, to actually see if I am an idiot or maybe I am onto something... :)

Does anyone know the background music between 0:00-5:00? Been looking for it for awhile because man I’d love to have it when setting up my telescope or something. Over the years I’ve completely accosted the PBS space time background music with thinking lol.

The channel @ViaScience has a tremendous series on Thermodynamics. The episodes "Thermodynamics 5d - Statistical Mechanics IV" and "Thermodynamics 5e - Statistical Mechanics V," discuss the "boxes" in phase space used to count the configurations, as in this video here. The boxes have dimensions length*momentum., ΔxΔp. Call its volume "h". I was always puzzled, well the size of the boxes is arbitrary so doesn't that make entropy arbitrary?.. But *flash!* the Boltzmann "h" is really Planck's constant "h"! Thermodynamics 5e - Statistical Mechanics V, kzread.info/dash/bejne/hW2D186bftyYj5c.html ... "what started out as a math trick we used to divide phase space into cells is actually a physical requirement of quantum theory. " kzread.info/dash/bejne/hW2D186bftyYj5c.html Another "aha" that I got from the series was learning how the "-1" in the denominator for the energy distribution of bosons... was precisely what makes lasers possible.

@ 2:15 "Bouncy Death Storm" best band name ever...

Wow! This is incredible! The end really changed everything for me

Are you guys making a video on ER=EPR and the recent results on that? That’s right up this channels alley

Imagine sitting in an airtight room and you experience that one unlikely time the air decides to go into one corner for a few seconds. Not a fun thought.

@garethdean6382

Жыл бұрын

Well, you got a few minutes to die. And the feeling of choking is due to carbon dioxide buildup, so it wouldn't be a painful loss of consciousness.

Very interesting. I'm glad I learned of the origin of "fermion" and "boson". However I'd have to say as much as this looks useful, I don't think it can help make a complete picture of the universe. It assumes the independence of every object in the statistical distribution. If you assume the objects can interact, or be interacted on, en-masse, then the system is no longer likely to be the result of the most microstates. Some extra-systematic (from outside the system) force will help favour one energy level or one configuration over another. E.g. the atmosphere on Earth getting thinner and thinner as we gain altitude. I.e. Gravity organises the air non statistically. And to maintain entropy as a core concept, that the world goes from order to disorder, you would have to assume gravity is somehow taking order from some other place, to make it on Earth. Which as far as I can tell, is not a physical law, but an assumption. The only evidence is the actions gravity takes because of a supposed "random" distribution of the matter that interacts gravitationally, in the early universe. But that homogenous distribution is also an assumption. As much as we see what **appears** to be homogeneity in the CMB, there are places where it is hotter or colder, and we do not see a perfect geometric lattice of hot and coldspots. My question is then, if our assumptions are demonstrably false according to a rigorous standard of homogeneity, why are we keeping the notion of entropy, and statistical mechanics central in our theories?

Behold! The power of Balls! I'll show myself out.

@garethdean6382

Жыл бұрын

Stars, planets, water droplets... the universe is balls!