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An environmental movement can be defined as a social or political movement, for the conservation of the environment or for the improvement of the state of the environment.
Cause of Environmental
Movements
• The increasing confrontation with nature in the form of industrial growth, degradation of natural resources, and occurrence of natural calamities, has resulted in imbalances in the bio-spheric system.
• Major reasons for the emergence of environmental movements in India are as follows:
• Control over natural resources
• False developmental policies of the government
• Right of access to forest resources
• Non-commercial use of natural resources
• Social justice/human rights
• Socioeconomic reasons
• Environmental degradation/destruction and • Spread of environmental awareness and media
Bishnoi Movement
Bishnoi Movement was started around 260 years back in the early part of the 18th century in Rajasthan by the Bishnoi community. A large group of them from 84 villages led by a lady called Amrita Devi laid down their lives in an effort to protect the trees from being felled on the orders of the Maharaja (King) of Jodhpur.
Chipko Movement
It was launched from Gopeshwar in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand in 1973. The movement was to prevent illegal cutting of trees in the Himalayan region (Uttarakhand). Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt were the leaders of this movement. The most notable characteristics of this movement were the involvement of women.
Narmada Bachao Movement
The environmentalists and the local people started protest against the building of Dams on the Narmada for the production of hydro-electricity since 1985 which was popularly known as Narmada Bachao Aandolan. Medha Patkar has been the leader of this aandolan who got support from the Arundhati Roy, Baba Amte and Aamir Khan.
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