Elementary My Dear Watson: An Interview with Edward Hardwicke (Part 1/2)

Ойын-сауық

This "Daytime Live" interview was found on the Sherlock Holmes Complete Granada Television Series box set. Personally, I prefer David Burke over him as Dr. Watson, but he's such a lovable and personable guy! Hope you enjoy! :)

Пікірлер: 135

  • @gejopohl5102
    @gejopohl51024 жыл бұрын

    I met both, Brett and Hardwicke. Brett was "Jeremy" for me, Hardwicke always "Mr. Hardwicke". Jeremy was a crazy fellow with an unbelievable sense of humor, even in his last years which where not too happy - I liked him a lot. And Mr. Hardwicke was the sweetest man I ever met in the theatre world.

  • @QUARTERMASTEREMI6

    @QUARTERMASTEREMI6

    4 жыл бұрын

    You lucky fellow! I'm sure it was heaven indeed.

  • @trilbywilby7826
    @trilbywilby78265 жыл бұрын

    3:03 to 3:26 What a scene! Just over 20 seconds but Jeremy Brett transmits such emotional force. His face is intensely expressive, eyes are wide ready to receive a rebuke, then shock ripples over his features at LaStrade's compliment, eyes brim with tears, mouth quivers and voice hoarsely breathes out a thank you. I watched this scene several times in awe of this man's incredible talent. My heart aches when I think of what could've been had Jeremy Brett lived to make the entire canon of Holmes stories.

  • @anodyne57

    @anodyne57

    Жыл бұрын

    Yes! I looked carefully at this scene, and I noticed that the uncanniness of his gaze is amplified by the fact that he does not blink at all, during that entire segment...until once, at the very end. The tears are an actor's trick, I gather. Try not blinking, eyes open, for 20 seconds straight. The eyes' natural response is to flood the zone with tears, and I suppose his single blink served to sweep the tears across the eyes, making them visible to us. A compleat actor.

  • @droptheleash1992

    @droptheleash1992

    Жыл бұрын

    It's a beautiful scene of utter sincerity.

  • @bobito8997
    @bobito89974 жыл бұрын

    Edward Hardwicke had such a natural way of acting that you forgot you were watching a piece of drama. I think that enabled Jeremy Brett to be more theatrical and delve deeper into Holmes' complex character than others who played the part. They were a brilliant partnership.

  • @yrti0121
    @yrti012113 жыл бұрын

    i wrote a letter to Edward Hardwicke :) and about 2 days later i got a 2 sided letter back (handwritten) :D he is such a lovely person!!! xx

  • @MetallicAGirl14

    @MetallicAGirl14

    4 жыл бұрын

    Bethan Fitzgerald just in time too miss him and Jeremy very much

  • @nelsonx5326

    @nelsonx5326

    4 жыл бұрын

    Bethan That is too cool. Wish to know more.

  • @joemuir2575

    @joemuir2575

    3 ай бұрын

    A gentleman

  • @lechat8533
    @lechat85333 жыл бұрын

    Mr. Hardwicke was such a nice, gentle, and dignified human being. He will always be my Watson :)

  • @BVking509

    @BVking509

    10 ай бұрын

    What about David Burke 😮

  • @lechat8533

    @lechat8533

    10 ай бұрын

    @@BVking509 He was very nice but he wasn`t there for a long time.

  • @grimlund
    @grimlund14 жыл бұрын

    Edward Hardwicke is like 10 times better as Watson then Nigel Bruce ever was... Thanks Mr Hardwicke

  • @peterrogers8706
    @peterrogers87067 жыл бұрын

    R.I.P Edward Hardwicke

  • @gerfgerable
    @gerfgerable4 жыл бұрын

    I recently watched the series again and never even noticed the transition between Watsons - both brilliant

  • @grimlund
    @grimlund11 жыл бұрын

    I like the scene at 3:25 when Holmes is so touched and moved by the flattery he gets from Lestrade. It makes him so human...

  • @grimlund
    @grimlund10 жыл бұрын

    Hardwicke was the best Watson. His role is like Watson in the book really. He is a very sensible and wise man. And he is the guy you can trust when the trouble comes.

  • @scifieric
    @scifieric9 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for this video. I adore Edward Hardwicke as Watson. I thought he brought an intelligence to the role that had been missing. A terrific team, Brett and Hardwicke!

  • @TheFieldGuide1
    @TheFieldGuide13 жыл бұрын

    David Burke's portrayal was playful, but Edward Hardwick's was warmer, more experienced. Overall this series is my favorite, very enjoyable.

  • @johnking5174

    @johnking5174

    3 жыл бұрын

    Remember both actors were portraying Watson at different time lines in the stories. David portrayed Watson up to Holmes supposed death. Then three years later Watson is older, more wiser, and Edward was better at that Watson.

  • @TheFieldGuide1

    @TheFieldGuide1

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@johnking5174 bingo you get a gold star.

  • @rabaker97
    @rabaker978 жыл бұрын

    Jeremy and Edward are the only Holmes and Watson in my book.

  • @ItWILLbeWONDERFUL_THERE

    @ItWILLbeWONDERFUL_THERE

    5 жыл бұрын

    I SEE Jeremy Brett as Holmes as clearly as I see David Suchet as Poirot. Interestingly, they're practically the same person. Sadly, Poirot's 'author' was unkind to the Belgian detective in the extreme; referring to him as *DETESTABLE* so I pretty much give credit for Poirot to Arthur Conan Doyle. Sherlock's other brother. As soon as I heard Edward's last name, I thought of the guy who played the first Pharoh in The Ten Commandments. Great to find out I was right. They are related.

  • @robertroberts7071

    @robertroberts7071

    5 жыл бұрын

    My thought exactly. Cumberbatch and Freeman are a distant second.

  • @numbereightyseven

    @numbereightyseven

    5 жыл бұрын

    ... or at least, on your screen

  • @TheSaltydog07

    @TheSaltydog07

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@robertroberts7071 I've always felt that the soul of Holmes lived in Brett.

  • @biggestchungus69420
    @biggestchungus694203 жыл бұрын

    Hardwicke and Brett were the definitive Watson and Holmes. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle himself would have been pleased by their performances. When I read the short stories from time to time it is these actors who bring the pages to life.

  • @walleye364
    @walleye3648 жыл бұрын

    I think he did play the part a little more as a guardian to Holmes, and More of the Doctor. Where David Burke, played off as more confused by Holmes' methods. (The Cyclist). Hardwickes' Watson had more of his revolver handy, was there for more medical examinations of the crimes. Both were the best Watsons.

  • @TheFrog767
    @TheFrog7674 жыл бұрын

    David and Edward delivered a substantial part of Watson both uniquely real in their own way from reading the books Watson would suddenly jump from the screen and to me that's says it all.

  • @kev3d
    @kev3d10 жыл бұрын

    I'm glad to learn that the hand-off between the two Watsons was amicable. I thought both did an outstanding job but never understood, until now, why David Burke was replaced.

  • @jrrpjrrp5202

    @jrrpjrrp5202

    2 жыл бұрын

    He got another job and left. I think it was RSC.

  • @sekereterra
    @sekereterra7 жыл бұрын

    Both the Watsons were great in their own way. I think EH's Watson was more dignified and sure of himself. DB's Watson was more naive and jovial.

  • @runlarryrun77
    @runlarryrun779 жыл бұрын

    For me Edward Hardwicke's Watson was just slightly superior to David Burke's portrayal. A touch warmer & a little more knowing. Overall the portrayal of Watson in any of the Granada series was the most faithful to the books. I remember the first time I read a Holmes story I was surprised to find how knowledgeable & intelligent the character is. Too often played as a bumbling fool to offset Holmes' dashing brilliance.

  • @83RockaRolla

    @83RockaRolla

    7 жыл бұрын

    I agree with you. When I started watching the series I thought David Burke is perfect and couldn't believe that anyone could else could be as good as him or even improve perfection, but then I saw Edward Hardwicke and was amazed. As you've said, his portrayal is just slightly superior, a touch warmer which adds a lot to Watson's relationship with Holmes. But I love them both and they are still by far the best and most faithful Watsons I've ever seen, and I'm quite a big Holmes fan but the vast majority of Watsons are either buffoons, bland and forgettable or plain annoying. Nigel Bruce (though I still have a soft spot for the Rathbone films), Howard Marion Crawford, Robert Duvall, Patrick Macnee, Nigel Stock, André Morell, Colin Blakely, David Healy, Donald Churchill, Thorley Walters, James Mason, Martin Freeman, Dudley Moore, Alan Cox, Jude Law, Lucy Liu - none of them comes even close (and some are truly terrible). Funnily enough, I think Ben Kingsley was quite good (despite the movie being just a spoof, but I love it regardless) I think he would have been great in a proper Holmes movie.

  • @KawaiiDansu

    @KawaiiDansu

    6 жыл бұрын

    I am very torn on who is my favourite, one reason being is that Hardwicke’s Watson is so convincingly the same person as Burke’s. I always thought the slight personality change was very believable considering one was pre-Fall and the other post. Burke is sort of an adventure seeking young man whereas Hardwicke is the matured, warmer and more knowing man he became after losing his closest friend. They compliment each other greatly, it’s seamless.

  • @Albukhshi

    @Albukhshi

    5 жыл бұрын

    I feel like the transition between the two is perfect, IMO. Watson as played by Burke was just fresh from Afghanistan; the one played by Hardwicke is from the Edwardian period, with both men (Holmes and Watson) older, and with the horrors of war well behind him.

  • @anodyne57

    @anodyne57

    Жыл бұрын

    I think we have Nigel Bruce's characterization to thank for the "bumbling fool" stereotype. Quite annoying, but a product of its time.

  • @nelsonx5326
    @nelsonx53264 жыл бұрын

    What a great Dr. Watson. He did such a good job it's impossible to imagine another.

  • @SilversGirl_50
    @SilversGirl_5013 жыл бұрын

    RIP dear Mr. Hardwicke. A fine Gentleman has left us.

  • @drinkwater319
    @drinkwater3197 жыл бұрын

    At the end of the 'Copper Breeches' episode David Burke is smoking in exactly the same was as EH describes here. Exactly. Just thought I'd mention it. To be honest it's hard to tell DB and EH apart as Watson, they look incredibly alike

  • @rosamariamendoza1466
    @rosamariamendoza14665 жыл бұрын

    A true English gentleman, thank you, "Dr. Watson"! I think the game is afoot!😊😀😃❤

  • @thx113thx
    @thx113thx13 жыл бұрын

    RIP Ed you were wonderful

  • @scottdickens1967
    @scottdickens19678 жыл бұрын

    Edward Was amazing I have both his and Jeremy Brett's Autograph they did a beautiful job bringing back the original canon to TV and Stage

  • @janetdear6429
    @janetdear6429 Жыл бұрын

    Edward and Jeremy for me were the best paring for the TV series, and basil and Bruce were best for the old film's. Very interesting video thanks 💖😁

  • @jlwaddey9579
    @jlwaddey95793 жыл бұрын

    I'm so glad to learn of the amiable transition between the Two Granada Watsons: the second recommended and recruited by the first. I had often wondered about it, hoping it wasn't a case of bad blood, and hoping there was no resentment. Now I see it was quite the opposite. Very cool. Thanks for posting...

  • @a1diemus
    @a1diemus5 жыл бұрын

    This is eye opening. Love the series. Didn't notice that Watson had to mainly react.

  • @SilversGirl_50
    @SilversGirl_5013 жыл бұрын

    We'll miss you, Mr. H.! RIP

  • @LydiaTarine12
    @LydiaTarine129 жыл бұрын

    The difference between Hardwicke and Burke always seemed to be a difference in energy to me. There was a mischievousness about Burke's Watson (partly because of a bit of writing his was given) and his Watson somehow seemed less in awe of Holmes (though still amazed) and more prone to jibing at him. What Hardwicke really mastered was Watson's loyalty. With his Watson you could practically /feel/ the fact that Watson would do anything for Holmes. His Watson also seemed more awed by his friend. I suppose you might say Burke's was more a complimenting partner and Hardwicke's was more an amazed companion, in my opinion. As to Hardwicke's Watson seeming older, I think it was mainly because his hair-type was different (more fluffy and curly). O.o I really do think that is a big part of why his Watson came across as older.

  • @walleye364

    @walleye364

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Lydia Tarine I think the main difference lies in that Burke's seemed more confused by Holmes' methods, and Hardwick played it more as a protector. Always lecturing Holmes on his drug abuse, and smoking, lack of sleep and eating.

  • @Villeful

    @Villeful

    6 жыл бұрын

    I think it is also lovely that Hardwicke was actually recommended by Burke. And Hardwicke was also apprently best friends with Jeremy in real life. When he was in hospital before filming "The Sign of Four", Hardwicke actually picked up Brett from the hospital and took him home. They were good friends :)

  • @03lbcee
    @03lbcee4 жыл бұрын

    love this Dear Watson...best!

  • @KawaiiDansu
    @KawaiiDansu6 жыл бұрын

    What a fantastic interview.

  • @barrycroucher602
    @barrycroucher60210 жыл бұрын

    Brett was so brilliant as Holmes that I don't think it mattered who played Watson. Granada TV did such an amazing job with the series.

  • @Angie-GoneSoon
    @Angie-GoneSoon2 жыл бұрын

    I love to hear Sherlock Holmes... aka Jeremy Brett laugh! 💗

  • @averageo2343
    @averageo23439 жыл бұрын

    I was hooked by the first line. That was always my belief as well.

  • @Tokolos
    @Tokolos5 жыл бұрын

    Brett & Hardwicke were marvelous.

  • @sylviajones4907
    @sylviajones4907 Жыл бұрын

    I agree with Mr. Hardwicke. Granada DID do such an awesome job in their presentation of this period piece. That cannot be said enough. How amazing that all these people came together to produce this series that will last for the ages and all may enjoy. Thank you, Granada!!

  • @James-hh1lq
    @James-hh1lq8 жыл бұрын

    The best Watson and Holmes!

  • @Laz651
    @Laz6517 жыл бұрын

    i prefer his version. Its far more reflective and as watson should be. Note taker and an ofset polisher to sherlocks brilliance.

  • @wallyhonk
    @wallyhonk8 жыл бұрын

    you are the best Watson mate and He the best Holmes

  • @rakhimahadik8651
    @rakhimahadik86516 жыл бұрын

    HELLO , DR WATSON . VERY NICE JOB SIR. BEAUTIFUL WORK.

  • @sealslayer
    @sealslayer9 жыл бұрын

    Burke and Hardwicke are pure Chalk and Cheese but both equally great in their own right. I considered David to be akin to a bounding puppy dog full of energy and curiosity whilst Edward took on much more of a laid back mature role. I think Edward had a harder time playing this role, you can almost feel him "acting" its very hard to put your finger on it but you could almost see him reading the lines in his head a split second before he was about to speak the line. Not taking anything away from Edward I loved his much more sarcastic role, especially describing the food in the priory school....."it is disgusting holmes"...... Again in the Problem of Thor Bridge when Holmes uses his revolver to re enact the suicide..." My revolver Holmes".... And My favourite in the Creeping man when describing Doraks shop....." It can't be a very profitable business as the General Public aren't allowed in".. All three of them created a work of genius.....Love them all.

  • @garyhewitt886
    @garyhewitt8865 жыл бұрын

    I love this version of Watson.Miss Jeremy Brett.

  • @mothball1972
    @mothball197214 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for posting this.

  • @rolex0071
    @rolex00712 жыл бұрын

    They where the most outstanding actors I ever saw, and what a great and amazing job in filming these stories. What a lost to the acting World.

  • @katharinebuckman2815
    @katharinebuckman28156 ай бұрын

    Taking the subject seriously rather than takimg oneself too seriously. Thank you Edwaed Hardwicke.

  • @catcook3324
    @catcook33245 жыл бұрын

    Hardwicke seemed to click better with Brett than Burke. Their chemistry seemed more genuine.

  • @draganacosic241
    @draganacosic2413 жыл бұрын

    David was more witty and Edward was more serious and calm. But, they were both kind and polite...

  • @oscarjacob6637
    @oscarjacob66378 ай бұрын

    I want meet both Mr Jeremy Brett and Edward Hardwicke of Sherlock Holmes. I am big fan of this serial. I still watch the episodes Sherlock. Holmes.

  • @athenapapas4450
    @athenapapas4450 Жыл бұрын

    I liked the harmony and friendship I show in the films. You are the perfect Dr Watson

  • @mike1967sam
    @mike1967sam Жыл бұрын

    Edward Hardwicke, may you rest in peace. In my 55 years of life you were the best Dr. John Watson I have ever seen.

  • @uniapit2
    @uniapit214 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for putting this on ^_^ Patrizia

  • @adriaanboogaard8571
    @adriaanboogaard8571 Жыл бұрын

    Wonderful program.

  • @peregrinemccauley7819
    @peregrinemccauley78194 жыл бұрын

    Fabulous . Great actor . Great person .

  • @anaelisafoto
    @anaelisafoto3 жыл бұрын

    Edward Harwicke is my favorite Dr. Watson.

  • @dracodormiens7
    @dracodormiens713 жыл бұрын

    @Taur5684 The interview was released August 26, 2003. So I would imagine it was filmed sometime earlier that year.

  • @johnshields6852
    @johnshields6852 Жыл бұрын

    He's my favorite Watson, it's funny because he resembles the other guy there that played him. I'm older so Nigel Bruce is my sentimental favorite. Different eras, different takes by the producers and directors.

  • @Lava91point0
    @Lava91point09 жыл бұрын

    3:07 someone name me that episode, that scene is just gold

  • @brendahaus

    @brendahaus

    9 жыл бұрын

    the six napoleons

  • @sebastian0517

    @sebastian0517

    9 жыл бұрын

    Is very poignant that scene. Beautiful scene.

  • @Taur5684
    @Taur568413 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for sharing this. Any idea on when it was filmed?

  • @kimchiba4570
    @kimchiba4570 Жыл бұрын

    I miss Jeremy Brett.. He is Sherlock Holmes

  • @bentbike
    @bentbike10 жыл бұрын

    What a find this is. I prefer Burke as well, but this really fun. Thanks

  • @thequietestengine
    @thequietestengine9 ай бұрын

    Truthfully, I enjoy David Burke's Watson, in that he's still learning Holmes' ways, he sortof has that whiff of being a Nigel Bruce-esque Watson with a touch more seriousness. Edward Hardwicke though was an older Watson, wiser, he could still be amazed by Holmes and even Mycroft but he was not as slack jawed in those moments. Him putting up a fight in The Three Gables helps to cement him as Watson in my eyes.

  • @usedscar
    @usedscar5 жыл бұрын

    That File should be published.

  • @johnwirenius8152

    @johnwirenius8152

    4 ай бұрын

    It has been,and copies are hard to come by, but Wessex Press might have it.

  • @derka90
    @derka9012 жыл бұрын

    What's Edward saying from 3:46 to 3:55 ? He's talking about David Burke, but I don't understand the words he's speaking...

  • @blackstallion6755
    @blackstallion67555 жыл бұрын

    loved him in sherlock holmes and oliver twist.

  • @sandystephen4506
    @sandystephen4506 Жыл бұрын

    He has So Sober voice,N A Gentile Voice, Great Personality

  • @adriaanboogaard8571
    @adriaanboogaard8571 Жыл бұрын

    He's Very selfless like others that do things well . He's just happy to be there doing wonderful things. 😁

  • @Chikin1ninjas
    @Chikin1ninjas13 жыл бұрын

    I want the Baker Street File for Christmas.

  • @adriaanboogaard8571
    @adriaanboogaard8571 Жыл бұрын

    David was also wonderful. Not to mention the Laydy of the house

  • @Lillian2167
    @Lillian216712 жыл бұрын

    The exact sentence was never said in any of the original books. :) I think it came form one of the early films that was made, but I'm not quite sure. :)

  • @YolandaAnneBrown95726
    @YolandaAnneBrown9572613 жыл бұрын

    R.I.P.

  • @didinx8417
    @didinx84174 жыл бұрын

    David Burke was a better Watson...but he left I think to join the RSC if memory serves....but Edward Hardwicke was still terrific

  • @Cloxxki
    @Cloxxki2 жыл бұрын

    Among some psychic mediums, acting is considered a stepping stone, to tap into entities, become them.

  • @sschmidtevalue
    @sschmidtevalue4 жыл бұрын

    I preferred Burke, but Hardwicke did a very fine job too.

  • @johnhall77
    @johnhall7711 жыл бұрын

    He looks like Cedric but without the booming voice.

  • @pasandissanayake5961
    @pasandissanayake596111 жыл бұрын

    He is the best

  • @derka90
    @derka9012 жыл бұрын

    thank you!

  • @rohinishewale6815
    @rohinishewale68152 жыл бұрын

    So true friend of my dear dear holmes

  • @Lillian2167
    @Lillian216712 жыл бұрын

    Really? Wow, that was really nice of him. :D Lucky you.

  • @vivianabeatrizsalvatore4752
    @vivianabeatrizsalvatore475217 күн бұрын

    Amé al Doctor Watson ❤

  • @vivianabeatrizsalvatore4752

    @vivianabeatrizsalvatore4752

    17 күн бұрын

    🇦🇷

  • @danfate6862
    @danfate68623 жыл бұрын

    Great

  • @Lyrictheac
    @Lyrictheac13 жыл бұрын

    @musicologo1able It isn't actually said in the stories. Holmes says something close in one of the stories (I don't recall which).

  • @Izak80
    @Izak8011 жыл бұрын

    Besides Jeremy Brett what actor has made the best Holmes?

  • @johnnyllooddte3415
    @johnnyllooddte34152 жыл бұрын

    i loved him as watson..and burke

  • @Cloxxki
    @Cloxxki2 жыл бұрын

    Grenada : meticulously correct to the books. Amazon: Let's fix all that's wrong with Tolkien. Woke it uppp!

  • @RocketKirchner
    @RocketKirchner Жыл бұрын

    harwick is my watson .

  • @FreshGrey-pm4vw
    @FreshGrey-pm4vw Жыл бұрын

    He was the perfect Watson and so genuine, natural with Jeremy. I prefer his more serious, contemplative reactions that Burke who often seemed childlike and silly. Burke was entertaining but at times appeared sort of bumbling and naiive making me think he would not have been a natural choice for someone as formidable as Sherlock.

  • @dracodormiens7
    @dracodormiens713 жыл бұрын

    @yrti0121 :O That's really neat. What a great guy. :3

  • @Sweemops
    @Sweemops10 жыл бұрын

    i prefer Hardwicke

  • @davidwayne9982
    @davidwayne99822 жыл бұрын

    Jeremy Brett simply WAS Holmes.. he wasn't "acting the part"-- he WAS him!!!

  • @chanyoke7585

    @chanyoke7585

    Жыл бұрын

    Indeed very truest, Jeremy Brett would always be Sherlock Holmes himself! Incredible n amazing!

  • @SpockLover27
    @SpockLover2713 жыл бұрын

    @yrti0121 NO FAIR! That's just awesome! how on earth did you write him???

  • @Chikin1ninjas
    @Chikin1ninjas13 жыл бұрын

    @yrti0121 Would you be willing to share the letter with us?

  • @corneilcorneil
    @corneilcorneil4 жыл бұрын

    He looks like Richard from Hyacint 🤣

  • @joeoconnor5400
    @joeoconnor5400 Жыл бұрын

    Michael Williams's portrayal of Watson would not have suited the TV series due to his at times abrasiveness towards Clive Merrison's Holmes.

  • @nassermj7671
    @nassermj767110 ай бұрын

    They are both gone. SH**!

  • @LilaKooks
    @LilaKooks9 жыл бұрын

    Wouldn't it be cool if Edward Hardwicke made an appearance in "Sherlock" as John's uncle, also named John?

  • @cartmanfan4life1

    @cartmanfan4life1

    9 жыл бұрын

    Lilith Kooks That would be really fun and hopefully it would encourage one or two fans of Sherlock who haven't seen the older series to maybe check it out

  • @LilaKooks

    @LilaKooks

    9 жыл бұрын

    Oh, I loooved the older series, with Edward Hardwicke as Dr. Watson, and Jeremy Brett as Sherlock Holmes! I love the books, so naturally, I love the tv series, new and old!

  • @tompor561

    @tompor561

    9 жыл бұрын

    Lilith Kooks You do know Edward is dead right?

  • @herlindamallqui3526
    @herlindamallqui3526 Жыл бұрын

    Watson

  • @rock9876554321
    @rock98765543214 жыл бұрын

    How are you Dr Watson...

  • @Lupin-nw7kl
    @Lupin-nw7kl Жыл бұрын

    Please french

  • @supermel9
    @supermel94 жыл бұрын

    Elementary my dear watson, is made up, it's not in any of the books.

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