!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Extra Information & Sometimes Corrections if Needed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ***Get your Private Internet 3 years subscription with 2 extra free months for only $2.08/Month -www.privateinternetaccess.com/MLaserHistory It should be pronounced "steppe" not step because it's spelled steppe not step. It is not a step you take nor a step you build for stairs. It is the steppe in the world, the steppe area. Come at me! This is an actual hill I am willing to die on! 2:00 The Bulgars emerged as a unified entity very closely before or after they where subdued by the Avars. The "Bulgarians" where formed by the unification of some kind of a Bulgarian core and the Kutrigurs, Utigurs and Onogurs tribes. 2:10 The Khaganate, even though not officially split into two halves until 603, due to its size was mostly governed as if it was split into a western and eastern halves since its creation, so from an administrative stand point this split in 603 did not have that much effect on the Khaganate. 2:35 The Western Turkic Khaganate became to also be known as the ten arrows. 3:01 Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661. Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750. Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258. I only update the map of the Caliphate when I mention it in the chronological overview not at it's exact date of dynastical change. This is mainly because I am too lazy to track all the changes on the map during this time and focus mainly on just displaying the changes in the video which I am currently talking about. 3:13 Tang dynasty also briefly controlled some Persian areas and the Amu and Syr Darya rivers. 5:06 They allied with also other tribes under Kangar control not just the Kimaks. However, the Kimaks where the most important ally hence I only mentioned them. 5:50 Also, a lot of the sources are in Chinese (and in China) or Arabic and, therefore, are very hard to access by western scholars like me. 11:30 The Uyghurs where between the Selenga River and the Yenisey River. Video scripts with all my sources are available for free on my Patreon.

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

@@Sk0lzky true

@kendsplaining

2 жыл бұрын

imagine if english was phonetically consistent lmaoo

@fdumbass

2 жыл бұрын

We don't pronounce it "step" though, we pronounce it "stepp"

@ferrjuan

2 жыл бұрын

Every time you say “Steppay” I hear “Pepe” lol

@ChristesII

2 жыл бұрын

Going directly off of conventional spelling in English as your primary justification is a little crazy. That said, "steppe" is apparently directly borrowed from German, where they do pronounce the e, so I can live with it in this case.

your pronunciation of the final E in steppe gives me life

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

It's a cunning plan on my part to trigger pronunciation Nazis and so drive engagement on my video and thus please the algorithm gods.

@tonuka6257

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory Seems like it's working perfectly

@Artur_M.

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory Ah, I get it now! So crafty.

@sodinc

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory you did it Степь, obviously doesn't have "e" sound at the end

@vladimirskala

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory I saw through this ploy right away. Knowledgedia has inured me to English mispronunciation.

"oversimplified history of the medieval steppe." Me, not remembering the changes seen 5 seconds ago :)

It's also important to remember that steppe people do not wander the grasslands at random. They would travel well-worn routes, making sure their herds always had fresh pasture. If you wandered into an area where someone else had just been your herds would starve. They might not have a fixed home, but they'd have a home range.

Finally, he remembered his KZread password

I think the Eurasian Steppe offers a very interesting parallel to the Sahel in West Africa. Both were geographically convenient for overland trade, but the lack of major mountain ranges to stabilize the climate made fully sedentary, predominantly-agrarian society impossible. So in both places you have these wildly overlapping cultures split between nomadic traders/herders and merchants in cities like Timbuktu or Samarkand. This is enticingly relevant to a series of videos that I'm preparing.

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

Interesting. During my research for what defines a nomad a lot of the books drew parallels to the nomads of Africa, although, they always emphasized the extreme importance of the horse in the Eurasian Steppe which was pretty much unparalleled anywhere else in the world. However, I can definetly see these overlapping lifestyles happening in other parts of the world as well.

@tonuka6257

2 жыл бұрын

Interesting comparison!

@SamAronow

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory The camel opened a lot of doors in West Africa.

@EdgarStyles1234

2 жыл бұрын

Imagine comparing mud huts dwellers to the silk road

@EdgarStyles1234

2 жыл бұрын

@@acolyte1951 there's also the giant Buddhas

In Turkish we have the term "konar-göçer". Konar means settle and göçer means migrates. They had different places and builds for different times of the year. Modern equalivent of this is moving to your summer house when the summer holiday comes.

@fallendown8828

Жыл бұрын

Aynen sadece yazın yazlığa gitmektense hayvanlarını otlatacakları yaylalara gidiyorlar

The eurasian steppe seems such a foreign land from the western viewpoint, and yet like all parts of the earth it is so rich in history. I really like the way you explain the nomadic lifestyle by expanding on what one might already know and dispelling false notions one might have. Also, that map work in the beginning is incredible. Excellent Video overall, great watch

@LukeVilent

3 ай бұрын

Problem is - many people like myself in the Eastern Europe also view nomads as "them". At school, we are taught that there was a confrontation and cooperation between "them" and "us". But as I dug just a few generations into the history of my own, "purely Russian" family, I realized that since my grandma was on the border of "Wild Field", in a village that two hundred years prior was inhabited by "Tartars" - I realized that I am at least 1/4 of "them". That the "stone baba"s, the Nomadic idols, are as much if not more a part of my blood heritage as onion-topped churches.

As a slav I normally applaud efforts to have words look like they are supposed to be pronounced but "steppey" was so funny to me I found it hard to actually concentrate on the topic of the video :D

@zelinamarks5397

2 жыл бұрын

We call it steppe in America but we don’t always get foreign pronunciations right so I am here checking if maybe I got it wrong all these years. Good to know I did have it right lol.

@zelinamarks5397

2 жыл бұрын

Steppe as in step without the Ey that is…

Saray-Batu (the capital of the Golden Horde) was one of the largest cities in Eurasia (excluding the cities of China and India). Not surprising, due to the fact that nomads always looted the resources of the settled, and we all know how many richs the Golden Horde received from Eastern Europe. I wanna say that this is a great video, Yan. It's very rare to see an objective historical content! Greetings from the steppe nomads, from Kazakhstan! 👋😁

Simon Berger, a young French historian, is pushing for this revisioning of Eurasian nomadic history over here in France :D suffice to say he's being met with some resistance here. I hope this view gains more ground, thank you for your work.

I just learned that some people pronounce _steppe_ as "steppeh."

@alexmuller6752

2 жыл бұрын

well, there already is a word pronounced "step"

@martinsriber7760

2 жыл бұрын

In other words they pronounce steppe as steppe...

@BurnBird1

2 жыл бұрын

@@martinsriber7760 No, they're pronouncing it as "steppeh". If it were pronounced "steppeh", it would have been spelled "steppeh" or "steppey".

@martinsriber7760

2 жыл бұрын

@@BurnBird1 Do you hear any fucking H? English ortography is outlier, not norm. He pronounced "steppe" as it would be pronounced in many languages.

@martinchudada1

2 жыл бұрын

@@martinsriber7760 Is it really relevant what the word sounds like in any other language? He's speaking English.

Incredible video, really enjoyable, I hope it gets the attention it deserves!

Magnificent video! There's so much information that I'll certainly have to watch it multiple times to really understand and remember all of it. Although, I had to pause it and go google 'steppe' to check the pronunciation, because I've kept thinking "had I've been wrong all this time, thinking that the -e is silent?". 😅

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, yes you have been wrong all this time with all the other people as well! Language changes over time and I hope to start a revolution. It's written steppe, and it should be pronounce steppe! Vote "YES" for "steppe" on article 24 this election!

@Artur_M.

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory My theory is that the English speakers just wrote it this silly way to not confuse it with "step", as in "one small step for a man".

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

@@Artur_M. Exactly. Therefore, it should be pronounced differently as that word as well, so there is less confusion.

@shryggur

2 жыл бұрын

@@Artur_M. a huge (galloping) step for a man (on a horse), a huge steppe for mankind!

@ekn_38

2 жыл бұрын

@@Artur_M. It's called Steppe in German too so...

your videos are always a treat!

Nice video with a lot of good points. I think you are right about them needing villages and cities to make things like compound bows, swords, and whatever else they needed. Farming the steppe was probably a difficult proposition with rainfall being fairly sparse at times. They might have wanted to be farmers, but droughts forced them back into herding.

Thank you for this very interesting video. I like how you cover niche topics.

what inspires you to research certain areas of history?

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

I'll talk about that in my upcoming 100k QnA video.

Usually I don't comment on anyone's video but your content is superb so I am commenting on your video. Wow this video is fantastic. Every line is a point. Your channel deserve more subscriber. I regularly watch your videos from 6 years. As a old subscriber I want a help from you that please make a video on skanderbeg because I realised that only you can describe it nicely. As I know you from the old days, I think you will definitely make a video on this topic

Steppe nomads are so mysterious to me, I'd like to learn more about them.

@fallendown8828

Жыл бұрын

It has been over a year now, did you finally learn more about them? If you did, i am proud of you and if you didn't, you still have time to do so

When M Lazor uploads. It is a happy day.

Finally, a new video

Do not worry if it is long. The video is awesome

Yay new video!!

stepE. Fantastic video! Tnx!

RETURN OF THE KING

The Turks were considered as the best warriors due to their horsemanship and skill in archery. Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships (Bloomsbury Studies in Military History). p.24.

I respect your pronounciation of steppe, although it weirded me out at first. This is how it is pronounced in danish and german as well. (with the "e" at the end)

"Sex century"? Best century no doubt. ;p (Seriously: that's what I understood you said instead of "6th century", hopefully I won't me mercilessly censored for a silly comment).

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

All your comments from now on will be doublechecked by a team of writers who will take a vote on whether to allow it to appear in the comment section.

@LuisAldamiz

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory - I can't blame you, honestly. XD

An illustration of nomadic use of sedentary materials are the artworks of the scythians. at least some of these were supplied by artisans from neighboring greek cities. Exposure to this style then impacted the artwork produced for more local customers.

Turks indeed had a decisive role in triggering historical major events like the Migration Period, Crusades, Age of Discovery as well as ending the Middle Ages with the conquest of Constantinople, fall of the Roman Empire.

Very awesome video, I loved the map even if its bound not be exact

please add a year counter somewhere next time:) great vid

Drink every time he says "khaganate".

@slappy8941

2 жыл бұрын

I think I died lol.

@victorhugofranciscon7899

2 жыл бұрын

Would get drunk in the first minute of the video lol

@BurnBird1

2 жыл бұрын

I'm suprised he didn't pronounce it as "Khaganateh"

Please more videos on the nomads

@MLaserHistory

Жыл бұрын

Probably a video about the Avars will come out at some point this year.

@Jesse_Dawg

Жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory This is awesome news! Thank you for all of your hardwork! Please remember to take breaks and rest :]

Awesome video 10/10

Me after wikipedia journey that started with article "Old Turkic script": "There's so much interesting history that feels like it's talked about very little".

Where you get the map at 14:43, showing that silk road was passing through the north-east of Carpathian mountains ?

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

We have undisputed finds from the Avar Khaganate, such as yellow glazed pottery whose productions style originated from China or griffin style belts which originate from the central steppe, that show the Khaganate definetly had trading connections with the steppe and the silk road going through it. The most logical way for this trading connection to go through would be the Zmeplen passes or the Danube. This trade connection, however, fell silent after the fall of the Avar Khaganate as the area's trading shifted to be centered more to the west rather than the east.

@Kobbize

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory thank you for answering :)

Interesting, thank you!

All hail steppe history! I’d watch 20 million more of it even. ❤

There's an interesting passage in FW Mote's "Imperial China 900-1800" about the Inner Asian nomadic lifestyle: "[Inner Asian pastoral nomadism] is an advanced form of social organization, the preference of peoples whose forebears probably had practiced agriculture. [...] To those reluctant agriculturalists the alternative of nomadism offered more than did the hard life of growing wheat and millet in arid regions. The Inner Asian core area offered conditions that permitted the highest development of the potential in nomadism, sustained by its wandering herds of cattle and sheep and the use of camels and horses for transport or war. Only under such conditions which to them represented failure would those nomads settle down in one place long enough to scratch out and harvest a summer's crop."

No they were grass pirates

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

When Genghis Khan rolled up to the great wall. kzread.info/dash/bejne/k2Zru7pmhNKzfZc.html

@Buydaa.M

Жыл бұрын

😂

All nomads were not nomadic. They were all semi- nomadic. Summer and winter camps at the very least. Nobody truly wonders aimlessly. That got you killed

I enjoyed all the step-ahs

steppé

Here’s a drinking game for you, take a shot every time Laser says khanate.

@steven_003

Жыл бұрын

Pass the Kumiz

Turkish people be like: ahh yes, my ancestors

I never got how a fleeting defeated people who have just lost a major war mange to destroy an aready existing empire that they fled to

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

Losing of a a war over the hegemony of a polity was more often than not a tactical retreat to an area with a weaker opponent rather than an all out defeat.

Take a shot every time Laser says "Khaganate"

Steppey

I’m not much of a medieval fan, but I knew I’d be entertained.

take a shot everytime M. Laser says khaganate

As a Bulgarian it's a little weird and funny knowing there once was another Bulgaria on the volga river

@yusufs1878

2 жыл бұрын

Well there is still one around that region in what is today called Chuvashia. They are the ones who migrated nord. They still speak a Turkic language and they are predominantly orthodox christians.

@BurnBird1

2 жыл бұрын

It's basically the same Bulgaria, just that it moved to the balkans and got rid of its Turkic origins.

@pyroshrimp4073

Жыл бұрын

@@yusufs1878 late but Tatarstan too

You've done the impossible with this video.

every time you pronounce the E a small part of me withers away and dies

how much do these apply for the Scythians though? what about the even earlier Cimmerians?

steppe is pronounced as step in Ukrainian language, where this word likely comes from (степ). other than that awesome video, as always!

@Aaron-pe7xk

2 жыл бұрын

he probably studied German and English, gib him a break

@aqxbjc5879

2 жыл бұрын

@@Aaron-pe7xk it's pronounced step in english too

@fdumbass

2 жыл бұрын

@@Aaron-pe7xk Not giving him any breaks when he's pronouncing it like this as a challenge. He claims to be correct in this pronunciation, which is fine, but people with counterpoints should be embraced just as much for supporting good debate.

@Aaron-pe7xk

2 жыл бұрын

@@aqxbjc5879 No, other way around. He recently said he's been studying German, and in German it's pretty common to have conjugate words like in English where the only difference is where you pronounce the "e" like he does in Steppe.

@aqxbjc5879

2 жыл бұрын

@@Aaron-pe7xk ok, but it's still pronounced "step" in English

11:50 yurt suburbs. So cool

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

I know right! I had no idea that existed before starting work on this video.

this must be the research I was looking for about lions

nice vid

12:47 National Identity? That's an interesting way of phrasing it, considering the time period.

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

It's an English paraphrasing of an old Turkic inscription so I don't think in this case the phrase "national identity" is meant to have the same kind of connotation as it has today.

@NikeBG

2 жыл бұрын

Many historians and especially medievalists (from Norman Davies, through R. J. Crampton, Obolensky etc) claim that national identities did form and exist during the Middle Ages, at least in Europe. It's thus a modern myth that national identities appeared only in modern times, with the rise of the nation-states (the latter of which is indeed a modern development, but is certainly not the same thing as a national identity). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages Of course, there are also ethnic, cultural, religious and various other types of identities, which can equally well translate those medieval expressions.

Un video sobre los pechenegos

16:52-17:07 Would you say this would be a form of total war?

once one gets over the way you pronounce steppe (that gives me creeps, seriously :D ) , very interesting video :)

Nomads being nomadic even regarding their nomadic lifestyle

my man really pronounced steppe

greetings as crimean tatar turk we are all turks xiongnu(asian hun) and europan hun descent also golden horde,bulgari,khazar,avar,hunnic empires and western göktürk were oghur turkic(proto tatar,oghuz)

Ah yes the Gawkturks of the Steppeh (In all seriousness though good video)

@MLaserHistory

Жыл бұрын

I have you know I am an impeccable misspronounciator!

The Eurasian Pepe!

Are modern day Kazakhstan & Mongolia similar to these Eurasian nomadic empires?

Brain aneurysm commencing in 3... 2... 1... Steppayyyy

Tonyukuk wasn't a general primarely, he was more of a statesman like al-nizam-ul-mulk of the Seljuk Empire.

Nice

Steppeh

S T E P P E

so ghost towns and cowboys?

Steppe is pronounced Step, great video though! :)

what is a 'politi' ?

Avars were not Rourans bro other option to discuss is a historical and cultural - but not linguistic - continuity; this would imply a language shift from the Mongolic-speaking Rourans to the Turkic-speaking Avars at some point of their history. In parallel, both disciplines suggest that at least some of the European Avars were of Eastern Asian ancestry, but neither linguistic nor genetic evidence provides sufficient support for a specific connection between the Avars and the Asian Rourans. Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. You ask us also in your epistle: "Of what people, of what family, and of what tribe are you?" Know that we are descended from Japheth, through his son Togarmah. [In Jewish literature Togarmah is the father of all the Turks.] I have found in the genealogical books of my ancestors that Togarmah had ten sons. These are their names: the eldest was Ujur, the second Tauris, the third Avar, the fourth Uauz, the fifth Bizal, the sixth Tarna, the seventh Khazar, the eighth Janur, the ninth Bulgar, the tenth Sawir. [These are the mythical founders of tribes that once lived in the neighborhood of the Black and Caspian Seas.] I am a descendant of Khazar, the seventh son. (Khazar Correspondance (Khazar Correspondence / King Joseph’s Reply) The 6th century historian Menandros Protektor states that the language spoken by the Avars is the same as that of the Huns. Assuming that language is one of the factors determining the origin, it can be argued that the Avars were a part of the Oghur Turks. [36]

@chuekinsiu4667

2 жыл бұрын

Magyars was also the family of Turks.

@thewarriorfrog

2 жыл бұрын

@@chuekinsiu4667 They are Ugrics bro not Turkics

@chuekinsiu4667

2 жыл бұрын

Bulgars may be relatives of Turks.

@thewarriorfrog

2 жыл бұрын

@@chuekinsiu4667 Yes Bulgars are Turkic people of Oghur type

Now whenever I see the word Steppe I think of it as "steppeh"

@tasty8186

10 ай бұрын

This is a problem.

@MLaserHistory

10 ай бұрын

No problem. Tis the solution!

Why is the Umayyad seal written backwards? It's not even mirrored, it's been written backwards letter by letter, like writing etahpilaC dayyamU.

eurasians steppes were controlled by indo europeans for more than two millennia then the turkic and mongolians tirbes take the control , it's a big event in human history but it gets little interest by historians i think the reason for the domination of turkic tirbes was their use of steppe saddle and more importantly the stirrup

@akramkarim3780

2 жыл бұрын

@@acolyte1951 yes but the shift in language means a shift in power even if both of theme lived a similar life and were mixed to gather and there was also a replacement especially after the mongol invasion because in antiquity the people from Altaï montains to the black sea were europoids but after the Huns and the Gokturks migration from Mongolia to the west the mongoloids became more numerous until they became the majority after the mongol invasion

@akramkarim3780

2 жыл бұрын

@@acolyte1951 caucasian

@akramkarim3780

2 жыл бұрын

@@acolyte1951 europoid is to describe a caucasian with light pigmentation which is mostly in europe and caucasian is to describe all europe middle east north africa and india the scythians in general were europeans in appearance closest to modern russians

@thewarriorfrog

2 жыл бұрын

Mongolia steppe was always Turkic

@akramkarim3780

2 жыл бұрын

@@thewarriorfrog turkic tribes were in the west and mongolian tirbes in the east

stappay

All this because of the cultivation of rice .

Steppuh

Every now and then , but only few times , you are flashing in the right upper corner a year number . . ? why can you not let it run constantly , while you are talking - as a continuous reference of the year . ?

Early Medieval Eurasian Nomads are CANCELLED

@MLaserHistory

11 ай бұрын

Bunch of posers!

Drink everytime he says Khaganate

drink a shot every time he says Khaganate and Khangar or something on Kha

Good video, please let me help you with pronunciation next time though

The Westrern Roman Empirte did not fall, it splintered.

This is so good but every time you say step-ay it just gets harder and harder to take it seriously

Steppe = Step, like Shoppe = Shop. Khaganate = Con ate. Love your channel.

Interesting drinking game. Drink every time you hear "Turkic khaganate" :D

As a historian who’s main focus is steppe culture in central and north Eastern Asia Excellent video, the only thing is steppe is pronounced “step” the E is silent my friend.

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

I just like to mix it up with the pronunciations sometimes.

@anyakosta364

2 жыл бұрын

Im native to Russian and born in Ukraine Steppe maybe a foreign word to us and we say it as a Stepp But i like how people say it Steppeh Yet i very much dislike that a word SLAV in Scandinavian languages ....... Slave is a bit better word for it the way its pronounced.....i mean 🙄

*step pe* throws me off. is he saying it in his native language, ore is it deliberate? edit: oh i see.

The history of a sedentary region like western Europe is like a bunch if people sitting around tables in a club. The history of the steppes is like a mosh pit.

Wasn't the First Turkic Khaganate which brought ferrous metallurgy from Sogdian cities to the Eurasian Steppe? If so, ferrous metallurgy necessarily requires sedentarity... This means that the lifestyle of Gokturks must have been similar to that of early Germanic peoples.

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

That is still debated. There is some evidence that Europeans could have come up with the technology on their own or at least in tandem with new technologies arriving from outside. Also these smelting technologies are more likely to have come through the Arab world to Europe rather than the steppe.

@Faustobellissimo

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory Europeans? Who was talking about Europeans? I was talking about the Eurasian Steppe. Germanic people got ferrous metallurgy from the Romans...

@slappy8941

2 жыл бұрын

You can make a bloomery as needed, and simple ironworking tools, like tongs, hammers, bellows, and stake anvils can be made light enough to be easily portable by a pack animal.

@MLaserHistory

2 жыл бұрын

@@Faustobellissimo Ahh sorry, I miss read, I thought you just said Europe. When I was talking about Europe I meant complex ferrous metallurgy like crucible steel and such. As for the ferrous metallurgy in the steppe that is also quite a complicated subject. The first ever mention of the Turks are in connection of them being very good metallurgists for the Rouran. Plus we do see some fairly complex metallurgical practices in nomadic polities like the Avar Khaganate. However, despite this, I would agree a higher level of metallurgy does require a sedentary life. But as you can see even in the replies to this comment the extent of metallurgical practices by nomads are still debated. I would, however, agree that the fact that we see a spread of complex metallurgical practices across the steppe shows that a form of sedentarism was embraced in the steppe by the nomads.

@Faustobellissimo

2 жыл бұрын

@@MLaserHistory There is also the Old Turkic alphabet. It's highly unlikely that such an evolved script would arise in a "pure" nomadic people.

Steppe-one syllable-STEP

"Autarky"? "in circa 534"? "Steppeh"? What's your native language?