this is one crazy bong dude

@klimke22

4 жыл бұрын

**tweak set lol

@Speedojesus

3 жыл бұрын

@SinisterMinister ah fuck off you sook

@PaxHeadroom

3 жыл бұрын

@SinisterMinister oh wow so glad you were here to point out that someone made a joke that was easy to make, I applaud your intelligence good sir good job good job epic have some reddit gold

@SamFirthDesigner

3 жыл бұрын

Don't knock it, I've made some good bongs out of glassware

@alockworkorange7296

3 жыл бұрын

@@SamFirthDesigner ice water thru s condensor.makes a grest tube stick it in a three neck flask with a diffuser and slide in another and plug in the third hold together with keek clips sounds like a.good time

"when i got that random illegal shipment of glassware accidentally sent to me" haha what

@ExtractionsAndIre

4 жыл бұрын

Yeah that happened lol

@Shad0wBoxxer

4 жыл бұрын

Extractions&Ire im waving my arms and going HOW!

@jayson0987

4 жыл бұрын

@@ExtractionsAndIre probably a stupid question but how the fuck can glassware be illegal? even crack pipes and bongs are legal to ship into Aus.

@Camwize

4 жыл бұрын

All I can say is fuck the world we live in if glassware can be illegal.

@tissuepaper9962

4 жыл бұрын

@@Camwize It may have been imported in an illegal fashion, rather than being illegal in and of itself.

The Graham condenser was invented by Prof. Thomas Graham, who was working for British Revenue. Liquors were taxed according to their alcohol content. Traditional methods for determining alcohol content were not accurate. So Graham made this condenser in order to precisely determine the alcohol content of a liquor.

@holyravioli5795

4 жыл бұрын

Well that explains its single use.

@tissuepaper9962

4 жыл бұрын

Still useless, he should have invented the hydrometer instead.

@IceBergGeo

4 жыл бұрын

@@tissuepaper9962 that only measures density. Add more sugar and it becomes more dense, and therefore, not accurate.

@kevinbyrne4538

3 жыл бұрын

@Dr. M. H. -- Ummm, that honor belongs to Nabisco (the National Biscuit Company). ;)

@samuelstephanz3503

2 жыл бұрын

Odd, because as soon as I saw that I thought if it was made of food grade copper pipe and tubing I’d have a use for that

The shadows on the corrugated iron background give this a very unsettling film noir vibe, maybe I should film these videos from the other direction, so the background is roses. There'll be more going on and possibly more distracting, but it wont give you vertigo at least

@theterribleanimator1793

6 жыл бұрын

Extractions&Ire to be honest, i didn't even notice.

@Wortnik

4 жыл бұрын

The background was great, gave really good patterns through the glassware so you could se the structures of the devices that you were using. Not had a chance to play with these things for years, love the channel mate. Keep it up! Also what the hell is illegal glassware?

@Kirillissimus

4 жыл бұрын

@Anonymous Anonymous Anything can be illegal if you import it without noticing the customs and paying a fee.

@BillM1960

4 жыл бұрын

I like it, definitely enhances the "mad scientist" vibe which you are clearly a scientist and definitely mad, but in a way I like!

@jhyland87

4 жыл бұрын

@@theterribleanimator1793 I didn't notice either... He underestimates how awesome his videos are, nobody is looking at the damn wall in the background... lol

Why am I watching this... I don't know chemistry, I'm never gonna use any of this. Fuck half the time I'm not even sure what you're saying.

@PsilocybinMagic

4 жыл бұрын

Maybe because it's awesome and hilarious.

@ManOfTheWildWoods

4 жыл бұрын

That's just because he's Australian.

@JackSchitt

4 жыл бұрын

You're both right :P

@JackSchitt

4 жыл бұрын

@Anonymous Anonymous "for legal reasons this is a joke"

@BillM1960

4 жыл бұрын

LOL

I'd love to see diesel fuel as comparison. I'd expect it to have proportionally more of the heavier aromatics.

Your videos are getting funnier. Loving the rambling commentary at the moment. I have a parallel adapter useful for vertical distillations so can do without the horizontal liebig. I think that grahams potentially have a decent heat transfer rate with all that surface area and a vertical orientation can mean a smaller bench footprint. I have used them for larger volume solvent recovery - set it up and crank up the heat while you do something else with the benchspace. (Washing up perhaps.) I have the exact same thermocouple too. My glass thermometers get a lot less use these days.

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

I'm glad you liked the rambling, I was concerned this video was a little too full of random anecdotes, which turned what should have been a kid of simple video into one of my longest ever made.. I guess they do have a decent transfer rate, but I don't like the smaller footprint thing. It's not that much smaller, and means that your outlet is closer to the heating source... there's no way i'd put the fumes from the petrol distillation that close to the heating mantle, so that also limits its usefulness to me. So yeah, you actually use yours by choice? Maybe they aren't deserving of a 1/10 on the rating scale, that was a little harsh. In terms of the thermometer, yeah they are real good. I'd say I use the glass thermometers probably 2/3 times still, but when it comes to a video, I prefer to use the screen because its so much easier to see whats going on without having to focus on a tiny line of mercury

@federicozanolli

Жыл бұрын

@@ExtractionsAndIre little late to the party but the rambling was one if the best parts 😄

I thought its purpose was to evacuate the inner spiral and backfill with an inert gas, then apply high voltage. Fill the jacket with fluorescent dye for more visual effects. :P

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

Ah see now I have a use for it again!

@DancingRain

6 жыл бұрын

Yep. Improvise a Geissler tube.

@JoeSexPack

4 жыл бұрын

Tried that, coating borosilicate glass for neon lamp is difficult.

@BillM1960

4 жыл бұрын

LOL

@garbleduser

4 жыл бұрын

@joesexpack Please elaborate on this!

God, finally a chemist with a sense of humor. I Lmao throughout the whole video, the way you explain things is great. I definitely sub'd

One cool misuse for a Graham condenser is when making/distilling HCl or HNO3. You can install it slanted and it keeps a bit of cooled liquid at each low spot. Not only is this fun to watch - like a "silly straw" - but it may increase contact time and recover some of the potentially wasted gasses. Using it this way also doubles as a flow indicator, as it becomes very obvious when you've hit a boiling point change (or if you need convincing to use a variable transformer, instead of a thermostat switch on your heat source). Mostly, it's just a fun little silly straw to watch while you're babysitting a long project though.

The Graham may be less useful but you have to admit it's the coolest looking condenser and the one I most want to use as a drinking straw.

@martijnvangelder1902

Жыл бұрын

Omg imagine drinking some kind of colored spirit from it that would be so cool.

@tktspeed1433

Жыл бұрын

My god, the perfect straw for drinking hot stuff since it has the cooling :D

"All right, the light's failing on me" Thanks, I will use that every time the sun sets now

I don't think petrol contains compounds with boiling points above 160°C. What I think happened during the boiling process is that you accidently created a whole bunch of polymerisation reactions (Diels Alder mechanism and other types of cycloadditions). These polymerisation products would be yellowish-brownish and would explain why the last factions were coloured. I'm not sure the dye moved at all, many dyes have quite a high boiling point so the last flask probably contained a mixture of dye and polimerisation products. Maybe you could make a follow-up about this topic? And keep up the good work, your videos are really fun to watch.

@billymays495

4 жыл бұрын

Ur a nerd

@sierra5065

4 жыл бұрын

Given what they're watching it would make sense

@gordonlawrence4749

4 жыл бұрын

Petrol for vehicle use contains some decane if it's about 85-90 RON. There's traces of it in higher RON rated fuels. The only "petrol" I know of that really has almost none is Av-Gas. Decane has a boiling point above 170C.

@drtidrow

4 жыл бұрын

@@gordonlawrence4749 Winter blends of gasoline might also be very decane-deficient - they're skewed towards the lighter components for easier starting in low temps.

@floorpizza8074

2 жыл бұрын

@@billymays495 Yup, and you can thank every nerd that has ever lived for the amazing quality of life you have today. If not for nerds, you'd still be swinging your club in a cave. Show some respect, Mr. Studly.

coloring fuel like that is a god damn ingenious idea

7:34 camera moves down the column to the roundbottom flask stirring bar: *weeee*

4:16 Not gonna lie, had to do a double-take on that chair. Thought those were straight up tortillas.

Teacher: "What's a cool job to have when you grow up kids?" Class: "KZreadr!" . Actual KZreadr: "At least I didn't die from Sulfuric Acid."

The bongs I could make from your glass pieces is actually nutty 😂👍

@Shad0wBoxxer

4 жыл бұрын

Chris Primmer lol McGuyver’s we are, i love the one film where the guys like, bring me...... then they were like we dont have ... he was like ok then bring me ..................

ah the memories when you just pulled up to the pump and the clerk would ask you leaded or unleaded!!

I wouldn't be without my Graham condenser for alcohol distillation, and being just alcohol I made the connections out of plumbing parts

Funny enough I remember by mom and dog walking into the garage when I had some tube pumping the sulfuric gas outside during a distillation and she and the dog stepped on the tube which caused my still head to pop off and spray boiling acidic fumes in the whole garage. Ah memories... Always keep a gas mask on hand.

“In Australia, we’re idiots. But we’re really smart in working out ways to cope with the fact that we’re idiots”

Your a life saver I dropped a flask on my notebook and totally ruin 2 pages all about this and you summed it up and made way less work on my part I appreciate it

These videos are fantastic, glad I subbed let alone YT finally introducing me to your uploads.

While you’re right that Grahams don’t get a lot of use I love using mine for steam distillations. Something alchemical about it. Interesting video!

@TheGayestPersononYouTube

6 жыл бұрын

kan petyim haha it’s going just not at the moment due to the cold. I see e+f and I have the exact opposite problem :)

I was almost going to buy a graem condenser before I watched this Cheers for warning me mate

@KingJellyfishII

3 жыл бұрын

Unfortunately I already did

You'll probably appreciate the Graham condenser the first time you make methyl iodide or methyl formate. The former is especially stubborn to condense.

I wish I lived in Australia.. I sub to basically every channel I see (not even kidding lol) but my favorite ones are the ones "out back" haha. BigStackD is one of my favorite, among others lol. Thank you for awesome content bro!

This

@billymays495

4 жыл бұрын

Schlenk

@glasslinger

4 жыл бұрын

I saw the movie. It was funny. :)

@cvspvr

3 жыл бұрын

@@billymays495 shlonk

I bought a Graham condenser when I broke my Liebig. One difference I noticed right away was how much more pressure is required to push the distillate through, as compared with the Liebig. The added total surface area of all those coils heats up the coolant water much faster, even with lots of ice in the reservoir. I also noticed some oscillation of the distillate in the coils, ( I run my condenser at the same angle I used the Liebig). This caused some suck back of the distillate if I wasn't pushing the boiling flask harder than I did with the Liebig. Actually the suck back really didn't hurt anything because it was just refluxed back through the condenser all over again. This oscillation slowed the process down unless I kept the head pressure higher than I normally ran the Liebig set up at. I got the Graham to work at 45 degrees ok, I it was just sort of a pain after not experiencing any of the above mentioned phenomena with the Liebig. Millimeter to millimeter the Gramham is much more efficient at condensation than the Liebigs are but as long as what's coming over is liquid, the who really cares? I ordered another Liebig condenser because I like the ease of distillation with the Liebigs as opposed to the Graham units. That's my two cents on this. Interesting video btw!

I HAVE BEEN WAITING SO LONG TO SEE THIS ON KZread!!! You da chemist boi ;)

I love your corollary commentary and relevant tid bits. Gidday cobb from nz cheers mate

Can you do the same for coal, and see if you get enough components to blend petrol from some of them? Or is cracking and reforming just completely beyond what is possible with a DIY set up?

Him: Showing his glass ware *Me laughing with my 600th polypropylene bottle*

I love your retort stand / lab jack.... it looks strangely like an old stool.

The use of colors to code items as separate makes things simple. Taking something that's complicated and making it simple is a sign of genius, so don't go knocking your country:) nice work and thanks for the glassware tutorial bc I'm not in school and so any real science is a blessing

@Asdayasman

2 жыл бұрын

Careful what you apply it to though. Different coloured fuel - good categorisation. Different coloured traffic lights - good categorisation. Different coloured people - o shit don't go there.

@PlatoonGoon

Жыл бұрын

@@Asdayasman That was a very odd takeaway.

@Asdayasman

Жыл бұрын

@@PlatoonGoon I amused myself with it, that's more than enough.

I saw the title and thought “that sounds F***ING dangerous let’s go” and clicked immediately

I'm old so I remember leaded petrol. I was told lead was added to petrol to improve the lifespan of the valve seat components of the engine.

@100Transistors

4 жыл бұрын

Patrick Barry it does

@evansmoak7286

4 жыл бұрын

100Transistors shame it causes decrease in lifespan in other things though

@Krankie_V

4 жыл бұрын

The reason lead was added was for an anti-knock agent. Prolonging the valve seat life was only a happy side effect.

I seem to remember a u-shaped piece of glass for hooking up a Graham condenser. It had two male joints pointing straight down. One side had a thermometer port. From there the cross piece was angled downward slightly to the other side.

You should distill crude oil and make a video of it! Thats what I would like to see (and may try myself).

@jhyland87

4 жыл бұрын

@Gerry Murphy Oh really? I wanted to give this a shot on my own as a nice intro to fractional distillation. I'll be sure to look for the thinner north sea crude oil when I do then. Thanks!

@tissuepaper9962

4 жыл бұрын

@@jhyland87 You could also try making your own version of the columns they use industrially. The way I'd try to replicate it would be to get a bunch of disposable pie tins from the grocery store, and use a nail to punch holes in from the bottom (creating a lip which, hopefully, would prevent the liquids flowing out of the trays they belong in), and then stack those on top of each other over a boiling vessel and wrap the whole thing in foil. Ghetto for sure, but it would keep you from plugging up your expensive glassware.

@jhyland87

4 жыл бұрын

@@tissuepaper9962 hey, thats a cool idea. That would be a continuous distillation setup too!

@bcubed72

2 жыл бұрын

@@tissuepaper9962 With alcohol, you can use a copper pipe, with the inside "packed" with copper scouring pads or wire. Something with a high "area to volume ratio." Lets the alcohol condense and redistill in the way up. Oil is, if anything, easier, because no water. You might even be able to select a metal with catalytic properties that give you more of one particular fraction.

Чувак, ты просто в раю живёшь!!! Тут приходится иной раз выворачиваться на изнанку ради таких простых и весёлых вещей...

"Because it's dark" The horrors we've seen Australia house is only the first wave. The next comes out at night.

The Grahams are quite efficient for large scale distilation if you set them up correctly. ie you can push a lot of vapour through them before they are compromised. In essence they are just an extra long Leibig. e.g. If I'm distilling large volumes of ethanol from fermentation mixtures I tend to use a Graham.

I started my new year watching this video

Butane is interesting in that it dissolves in water, unlike Propane which is only minutely soluble. Beware Gas Engineers using Water Gauges, your gauge will always indicate a leak on a Butane system, and eventually, the gas plumbing will go into a vacuum as the Butane dissolves into the water inside the gauge. Even the gas safety standards centre did not know about this one.

No Tom, you never lose. You're just taking another route to success. Ok?

"Hi, today we're going to boil some gasoline in my backyard"

That is really smart because if you know you need "red" petrol its easy to find the right one

I used to do a lot of emissions testing and we used a lot of Graham condensers but only to condense water in the gas stream and we didn't care if the condensate got stuck in the condenser because at the end of a test, we would recover the condenser as part of the sample anyway and then analyze it for what we were looking for. Used this way, it can be used sideways if you like and I believe that it is probably a more efficient condenser than the other ones and I would think that would be the case here but it would be shit for trying to use as a distillation column for example. In other words, I think it depends on the application.

Regarding Tetraethyl Lead in Gasoline - I grew up in what most of the world thinks of when they think of America's "Midwest" - a little

There's a bunch of stuff that happens between the crude and the pump, you got isomerisation for C6 material, straight to branched conversation. Reforming from straight and cycloalkanes to aromatics.

hello, im currently trying to understand how crude oil is turned into gasoline, at what temperature would that be and would you have any videos on how you extract sulfur from oil?

@TheLetterH111

Жыл бұрын

crude oil is first fractionally distilled (similar to the video, but with a much wider range of boiling points) and then a lot of the heavier compounds are 'cracked' i.e. broken up to produce the smaller, more useful compounds. The temperature used varies

You got me at "we managed to collect sweet fuck all". Subscribed. Liked. Thanks for a great video. Made me dream about setting up a chemistry lab. Made me smile.

14:06 he caused the fires in Australia

What did you lubricate the glass joints with? If distilled under vacuum what vacuum grease would work for gasoline?

@DanyaSanMAMP

10 ай бұрын

You really dont have to do that, in my experience, if you wrap the male end of the joint with a thin layer of PTFE tape and take your glass joints apart as soon as you are done using them.

I would have liked an added bonus of a sniff test. Toluene/xylene has a distinctive smell. And as far as the others, im curious if there was any difference. But yea. Always wanted to try something like that. I have some 112 octane racing fuel i want to give a go. Great idea for a video.

Ah yes ... " Sweet fuckall" one of the lightest distilents of Australian petroleum

Ecellent video. Thank you!

Very good vid, and yeah, roses would be a little more comfortable as background. My Graham turned out to do a very good job distilling DCM. But I hate him anyway, gave me so much headache. It was my first bad amateur mistake, choosing the more expensive Graham over a much cheaper Liebig. Always clogging up no matter how perfectly vertical I position it... It is also very inconvenient to bring it on an airplane, but being Brazil, I explained what it is for and they let me pass after stripping me down to the underpants.

@main7767

5 жыл бұрын

Homemade Chemistry mercado livre has some good lab stuff i buy mine things there when i cant find something on my lab supplyer

woah wait you were working with something YELLOW? are you alright?

what colour is 2-stroke oil in Australia? most of it here in the the uk is red so that might get a bit confusing with 91 fuel!

Fun fact; it was a guy called Thomas Midgley that worked out using lead in fuel to reduce knocking, and he was responsible for one other major adaptation... he pioneered the use of CFCs in refrigeration. What an unfortunate combination.

Talking about tetraethyl lead for some reason reminded me of this time when I was in grade 2 or 3, the principal said some older kids were seen breathing exhaust from the exhaust pipes of cars. I don't even know what would possess somebody to do such a thing.

@srikrishnarao1094

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe they thought it smelled good?

This seems like it could have very easily became an episode of Explosions & Fire

Well, the graham condenser is pretty important.. :D at least in german universities it is used everytime. But it does not make sense to use it in a fractional destillation, as you said. You can use it for reflux in any kind, e.g. recrystallization, activating grignard reagents, just to keep your solvent when heating a flask and stuff. You can also use it for a two and three necked flask.. No problems at all and a very very important glassware

You, uh. You did pump the coolant from the bottom up. Right?

is it possible to get 100% pure straight chain n-Octane (C8H18) from Gasoline? Im from Australia lol.

30% straight and the rest ... rofl, damn, that delivery!

@129140163

2 жыл бұрын

10:52 “70% of the alkanes are gay” 😂 never heard it put that way before!

Lololol I love my Graham condenser. Step 1 make blackberry wine, step 2 distill it, step 3 drink the majority of the distillate, step 4 go to work

@wesleymccravy901

9 ай бұрын

I totally use mine at like 45 degrees

They have a recovery between point a° and point b° and include trace other elements. It is washing that produces the pure element individually.

@jonross377

4 жыл бұрын

No, it is a better setup and more accurate temps.

"Well I thought that will be easy, so naturally I failed it." Story of my life.

Welcome to this weeks edition of "Why is this in my recommended?"

I like to think you're one of the scientists in the beginning of resident evil. Very cool

How do you seal your thermocouple probe so vapours don't escape out the top. Would your method work for sulphuric acid distillation? So happy I found your channels. Thanks for the hard work you put in. You remind me of Matt from Stand Up Maths.

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

Alex Abbey the original glass piece was made so that there were no gaps the glass could escape from, it was a continuous glass well you rested the probe into. That would've stood up to sulfuric acid well. It hit the ground pretty hard and it now has a glass syringe I've molded so it fits snugly in there, with lots of Teflon tape for good measure. Sulfuric distills over at ~320 C but Teflon decomposes around 300 so in the current form it would not be suitable to measure sulfuric acid temps, even though yes the probe gives readouts that high

@alexabbey1

6 жыл бұрын

Extractions&Ire I have a 10/30 joint on my 3way distillation adapter where I the thermocouple probe would go in. What is the thermocouple probe the most YT chems seem to use and would that seal to the 10/30.

I knew there was something fishy about those alkanes.....

Maybe the yellow tinge of the highest BP fraction could be explained by pi conjugation (alternating single and double C bonds)? Maybe traces of a biphenyl (fused aryl) species?

The Graham condenser is my idea of a more effective condensing distillatory as it has a larger surface area. I always worry that my condensers aren't long enough and much of my distillate is being lost into the air.

AFAIK unleaded gasoline doesn't contain the organometallic complexes you mentioned. It was what was called Lead Replacement Petrol (LRP) that contained them which was meant for use with old engines that were incompatible with unleaded fuel during the transition, but it was relatively quickly phased out because consumers confused LRP and unleaded petrol. The reason was that the lead had a secondary purpose besides anti-knocking, it protected the valve seats against erosion by depositing a thin lead layer on top of them, and the organo-metallics were meant as a replacement for that (more modern engines designed for unleaded petrol use erosion-resistant materials in their valve seats). Unleaded fuel uses aromatics, ethers and alcohols (mostly ethanol) as anti-knocking agents.

Great video and experimentation. At which range white gas is a result?

The accute angle on the graham condensor elbow is meant to be the highest point in the evap system. In america we use graham condensors all the time in appalachian style liquor stills. Its what my pops uses to make out whiskey out of his copper still!

Oh no... it's *Y E L L O W*

I recently read a bit about the burning properties of organic compounds. :D Hydrocarbons tend to produce more soot when burned the longer they are. So, it might not all be due to double bonds. It would be interesting to do some more tests on the fractions, like treating it with baeyers reagent or bromine water.

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

Random Experiments Int. - Experiments and syntheses Yeah I was considering doing more tests, but it seemed like the alkenes might be spread so well across all the fractions that all of them would give the same result to things like bromine water

@RaExpIn

6 жыл бұрын

Too bad. Nevertheless, it's still a result that shows, why it's so difficult to separate all the different compounds by distillation.

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

Yes it would show that pretty well. Or maybe I'm wrong! An experiment is a lot more meaningful than my armchair assumptions! I've been thinking it might be good to try and get something useful from this experiement, probably the hexane? I could distil just the hexane fraction, clean it from alkenes, then re-distll? Could be a useful lab solvent

@RaExpIn

6 жыл бұрын

I'd try washing the fraction containing the hexane with bromine water until it doesn't lose it's colour anymore, then with some sulfite/thiosulfate/metabilsulfite solution to remove excess bromine. Otherwise it might react in sunlight with the alkanes. Drying and redistilling it might remove the halogenated alkenes that might have a way different boling point. A beilstein test might reveal, if the product contains any halogenated compounds. Sounds like an interesting project to me! :) You could even just collect the fraction around 68°C from some petrol, treat it like I said before and use the rest for your car :D

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

I drive a diesel car so maybe just the high boiling stuff :P I was thinking I could sulfonate it with sulfuric acid, then wash all that out with water. Maybe there's some sulfur stuff in there too, perhaps the acid wash should take care of that too. Bromine isn't something that that's easy to do for me. I mean I can, but yeah

I like how he's incapable of picking up one of the fractional containers without swirling it

I actually think that you did indeed distill either the dye itself, or some decomposition products, over. None of the short-chain alkyl-benzenes would have that colour, or decompose to that colour in your setup. You didn't filter the gas stream through a fine sinter, nor did you do a lagged distillation. Combined with the VIGOROUS boiling speed and switching to only using one Vigreaux column, I would expect more than enough of the dye to make it over (irrespective of what it's vapour pressure is at your maximum temperature. It could be 0, but would still come over with the mass flow.), especially since so little is required for the colour to be noticeable.

@ExtractionsAndIre

6 жыл бұрын

I think you're dead on mate, I think I saw it misting quite a bit so that'll be it. Its one of those 'theoretically it shouldn't happen at all but it does all the time' examples

How about distilling motor oil?

Oh 22:50 ethanol corrodes your engine over time.....and it causes your car to put off alot more emmissions. Issues mainly boil down to: 1.) more being required to burn in order to give the same amount of power 2.) Significantly increasing gasoline's rate of evaporation into the environment. 3.) Leading to more wasted fuel in time due to efficiency loss from engine damage 4.) Reducing life of vehicles, necessitating the manufacture of more. 5.) Requires significant extra fuel on the front end (mostly Diesel & Methane) to produce the ethanol itself (via electrical and other infrastructure, + farm equipment/machinery operation.) It never made sense to me until I learned how utterly huge the "corn lobby" is in the USA.

This is the best account on KZread dude.

The graham has more cooling surface than the liebig and can put away a lot of heat at the right water flow rate. Its most used in reaction interstages or if you need a low end temperature.

Grahams are best for heavy vapours. They just ride down like a roller coaster. You bar keeps coming decoupled. You consider chips? I have my refluxer with 4 thermocouples along it. (Making shine) Really gets the layers tight when tied to a process controller. That runs to the Liebig and then the Graham. If you use a 34970A you can watch where the vapour line is in the system and know exactly when it crests the head. Putting a scale at the end so I can automate soaking/holding to change out flasks. I keep a crock full of hot sand and a bucket of ice water for the jackets. The controller does it's thing keeping it all dialed in.

Too long separating column can have negative effects. It tends to cool easily and you need lot of thermal insulation. It can also lead to cranking up the heat to get anything through and you can get into pushing stuff through with vapors with very bad separation. In small scale you can also get problems with having enough materials to fill a huge column with vapours at all. For extreme separation you are much better off with single lengh column and you can use columns that take filling materials (usually glass/plastic) to get more surface area for better separation.

I love how I get an ad for petroleum dyes on this vid

4:07 have you thought about heating it up and modifying the glass? Make it something more useful...

Love it!

the 70 degree adapter is a distillation head adapter, its used on the other side of the liebig just without a thermometer

Salt brine would be fine for the initial fractions. Start at 23% and just add ice as needed (and occasionally salt as the freezing point gets too high). Heck, you could still use dry ice but only use it to keep the brine cold so you aren’t dealing with the headache of supercooling.

"we managed to collect sweet fuck all" hhahahahahaha

Illegal shipment of glassware? Like meth pipes or something?

MMT additives, if I remember correctly, leave a reddish deposit on spark plugs. Might be a good identifier...

I think the angle on the corner piece puts the condenser at an angle that encourages liquids to not get caught up in it.

came for the lizard stayed for the backyard science experiments