Art in Thumbnail belongs to - Emily Stepp __________________________________________________________________ ✅ PATREON ✅ www.patreon.com/EDGEscience ✅ STICKERS & SHIRTS ✅ www.redbubble.com/people/PainterRex517/shop?asc=u&ref=account-nav-dropdown ✅Facebook: facebook.com/ExpeditionDG/ ✅Twitter: twitter.com/EDGEinthewild ✅Instagram: @edgeonthetrail ✅ MUSIC ✅ “EDGE Theme” - Taung Child / Reuben Cozens “Carni Jamm” - Carnivores Cityscape “Great Bear” - Maiia “Collider” - Karl Casey “On the Ground” - Kevin MacLeod “Bensound” - SciFi “Dredd” - Karl Casey “Truth Police” - Karl Casey “Running From Death” - Karl Casey “Within the Shadows” - Karl Casey “Soundcloud Ambient” - Aphex Twins “Evil Behind the Mask” - Karl Casey “Going On An Adventure” - Samarost 3 “Mandragora” - Samarost3 “Monk Planet” - Samarost 3 “Mr. Handagote” - Samarost 3 “The Glasshouse With Butterfly” - Samarost 3 “Main Theme” - Samarost 3 “Indoor Agression” - Pathologic __________________________________________________________________ If I've used something on my video that you don't want me to use, PLEASE EMAIL ME first before flagging a video, I'm very reasonable and will take the video down to replace whatever image or video belongs to you. Email: expeditiondiscoveryguild@gmail.com __________________________________________________________________ RESEARCH Paul, G.S., Persons, W.S. & Van Raalte, J. The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus. Evol Biol (2022). doi.org/10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5

@LarsTonguesInAspix

2 жыл бұрын

Did you accidentally copy pasted the description into the comment section?

@DriplessDX

2 жыл бұрын

so what sepcies is victoria the t rex . is he a regina , imperator , rex

@BlazeAlbino

2 жыл бұрын

What is the name of your intro song

@petrruzicka9815

Жыл бұрын

T-Rex had wings kzread.info/dash/bejne/fp6Dz7JpdpewcbA.html

I mean it would be weirder for an uber successful species like Tyrannosaurus to ONLY have one species roaming about so it's not surprising they found evidence for this. Especially since the methods of determining small differences in fossil material has been greatly improving over the last decades, and this is so freaking awesome I love it!

@theflyingdutchguy9870

2 жыл бұрын

it really would make sense for tyrannosaurus rex was actually a genus instead of just one species. but its really hard as we probably only know part of the biodiversity of any time in history. as the chance for a fossil to form in any way is ofcourse very small. tyranosaurus might not have even been the top predator of its time. i guess we will never truly know for sure

@dynamoterror7077

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, there almost certainly were multiple species of Tyrannosaurus. But, based on previous names given to various T. rex specimens, they wouldn’t be named T. imperator and T. regina, and they wouldn’t be defined by these tiny differences that aren’t actually differences.

@dynamoterror7077

2 жыл бұрын

@@theflyingdutchguy9870 that is true, there are many things we will never know. One thing: Tyrannosaurus is the genus, rex is the species. Tyrannosaurus likely includes multiple species as well as rex, just not these (for the reasons EDGE outlines in the later half of the video).

@juanyusee8197

2 жыл бұрын

The hypothesis behind this paper is good, but the evidence for it is insufficient, and the methodology is very poor.

@DaGo314

2 жыл бұрын

.....does this mean the Jurassic Franchise had more fodder to use and the games gets new content. Yay

"If you're going to shoot for the King, don't miss!" That's badass!

@retard_activated

2 жыл бұрын

When I heard that, I wanted to scream "QUEEN"! Haha but yeah, actually HE is pretty badass. So sassy for a Man 😍😁🤣🤭💖

@gix.y

2 жыл бұрын

@@retard_activated rex means king thats why they said king

@retard_activated

2 жыл бұрын

@@gix.y I was being facetious.

@gix.y

2 жыл бұрын

@@retard_activated ohh my bad lmao

@retard_activated

2 жыл бұрын

@@gix.y No worries, lol ☺️

I love how this news comes out literally just before Jurassic Park Dominion releases.

@thelonerex

2 жыл бұрын

World

@dalekrenegade2596

2 жыл бұрын

The movie is still months away.

@megazillasaurus

2 жыл бұрын

*world

@LeviPeanut_Garivic_Balmyleader

2 жыл бұрын

@@dalekrenegade2596 yeah but they probably finished filming by now.

@Pioneer5118

2 жыл бұрын

@@LeviPeanut_Garivic_Balmyleader They’ve been done filming for a long while now.

Dinosaur paleontologist here. This study has a lot of interesting ideas in it; however, they are not very well supported. The two main points of anatomy that were considered were the tooth morphology in part of the lower jaw and the robusticity of the leg bones. While this looks good to begin with there are issues if you know tyrannosaurs. First, teeth are variable with ontogeny - or how an organism develops with age. There is also evidence that at least tooth count varies a little in the same species (as can happen in any species). This means that the differences seen in the teeth may not be attributable to different species. Secondly, the "sturdiness" of the femur (the big upper bone in the leg) was considered as a distinghishing factor as well. This could easily be variation between individuals or, again, ontogenetic. Furthermore, it would be highly unusal to have multiple species of the same apex genus in the same narrow timeframe in which Tyrannosaurus was alive. To me, there is not enough in the paper to explain away ontogenetic or individual variation within such a narrow space of time. So, while you can step back and go "Yeah, maybe" at the whole project, it does not really provide enough evidence of their claims. This is not an attack on the authors (a few of which I know personally), but is a critique of the methods used. Saying this, I like that the paper tested an idea and put forth another idea on what we call an exemplar species, or a species that we know so much about that we use it as a baseline to measure off of with other animals. I just wish it had used more characters that are more reliable than the characters they used.

@jerdasaurusrex557

2 жыл бұрын

As a layman, I think T. Imperator makes sense, but the Rex and Regina split seems a bit sus. Tyrannosaurus already dominate the ecosystem filling every predator niche. It''s just odd that there'd be two species of super predators living next to each other. Unless of course, if T.rex and T.regina have separate if somewhat overlapping distribution.

@danielwendlick784

2 жыл бұрын

Another interested layman here. It looks to me like we're in the whole Great Dane/ Yorkshire Terrier quandary. It seems to be unless you can really figure out a way (short of a time machine) to prove more genetic variation between the populations than within the populations, you're never really going to have a definitive answer to the speciation question. The more interesting question to me is what in the ecology, perhaps environment or evolution of prey species, changed to favor the gracile morph over the robust morph, assuming it's not sexual dimorphism.

@Riceball01

2 жыл бұрын

I wonder if Great Whites and Orcas could be used a corralries in supportingn or not, of the differences in dentiratry being a distinguishing fauture of different speices of Tryannosaurus. Whiles I realize that Tyrannosuars, and dinsoaurs in geenral, were not fish or mammals but why I feel that Great Whites and Orcas might be uusdeful for comparuon is that diet of Great Whites change as they age, at a young age they're fish eaters, and by around the time they reach adulthood, they're feeding largely, if not solely, on marin mammal. In the case of Orcas some pods feed only fish while others only on marine mammals. Because of this, I wonder if there's any differences i n the dentiary between juvenial end adult Great White s and sih eatiung and marine mammal eating Orcas.

@pauldaly100

2 жыл бұрын

I’m a paleo grad student and yeah, my dino-studying pals reacted to this by basically saying “yeah it’s just Greg Paul being a goofball again, who care?” Species names are just for our convenience especially when it comes to fossils, and I don’t feel like this is super convenient.

@itskeeler21

2 жыл бұрын

Not to come off as the typical guy who says "well I know more than you because I have Google," because I trust your opinion over my own, however the 1 thing I do know about paleontology is it has been massively wrong multiple times, and then updated to be more correct many decades later

"If you're gonna shoot for the king, don't miss." LMAO

@glonkerdonker132

2 жыл бұрын

That's not even funny. You're just attention seeking.

@penguinlord6098

2 жыл бұрын

@@glonkerdonker132 y mad kid

@EnzoDraws

2 жыл бұрын

@@glonkerdonker132 what

I'm 100% down for multiple species of Tyrannosaurus, and *if* we do get multiple species I'm fully accepting of Imperator and Regina, I'd like the royal theme of the species. The paper is definitely iffy and quite frankly a mess, but I'm going to be honest .. I'm glad he's at least putting the idea out there and getting some hype and talk about it. Not saying he's correct, but this could lead into specific studies of T. Rex that perhaps we didn't think we necessary before... which in turn may lead us to the discovery of a more dead-set obvious example of a new Tyrannosaurus species. With T. Rex, I am definitely worried about people just saying "T. Rex is all we need, let's not make this difficult" and choosing to neglect the prospect of separate species. While this was definitely a bungled mess, I'm glad this conversation is at least being had. That's the joy of science, conversation, new ideas, striking revelations! Until we get more concrete evidence, I'm happy to accept our new royal over Lords and Lordetts (though I'm not gonna cry if they're bunk)

@isaacslein6432

2 жыл бұрын

There is a Mexican paleontologist on KZread who made a video on the article. He made a 37min video about it. His channel is called Paleos, his videos are in Spanish(I don't know if you are bilingual). Still, he reviews objectively and can give his opinion. He accepts the T. "imperator" split, but he is a little scheptical about the T. rex/"regina" split. He presents complete information and the robusticity index is not that flawed(he made his variation in thickness in the specimens referred in the study) and the juvenile specimens and unasignable adults(Jurassic park Logo AMNH 5027) were out of the study. As a zoology student myself and seeing the mouts of the skulls myself, I noticed that the specimens referred as T. "imperator" have a more Tarbosaurus/Zhuchengtyrannus-like, longer skull and the more recent specimens have a more Lythronax/Teratophoneus-like, bulky at the back, but thinner at the tip skull. That should have been accounted for.

"lumper/splitter" Ah yes, when you consider every morph of tiger it's own species. Or roll every panther into one species.

When territories split, so do species. This is the case, for instance, of species diverging both sides of the Atlantic ocean when it divided the East and West parts of Gondwana, preventing intraspecific admixture between either side's individuals. So, it is unlikely that Tyrannosaur species split just when the Western interior seaway disappeared.

@nickmitsialis

2 жыл бұрын

I can only imagine that when the Western Interior Seaway receded, the Rex went 'east' into Appalachia. I'm trying to visualize how the Appalachian apex carnivores reacted to the intrusion of the Rex into their territory. It would be the ultimate invasive species.

@dynamoterror7077

2 жыл бұрын

@@nickmitsialis that would be very cool, and seems quite likely from a geographical standpoint. Unfortunately, the fossil record in eastern NA is so sparse that we have zero evidence of it.

@nickmitsialis

2 жыл бұрын

@@dynamoterror7077 Yes, I'd heard it's kind of hard to dig for fossils in the East/NorthEast and Southeast--the terrain doesn't lend itself to forming fossils; too much built up areas and not enough 'justification' to dig. You're probably more likely to find Jimmy Hoffa's remains than a Rex's.

@davidcraft4636

2 жыл бұрын

@@nickmitsialis Not counting vegetation covering everything.

@Tyrannosaurine

Жыл бұрын

@@nickmitsialis what if there was something bigger and badder and cooler in every way, but it just didn’t fossilize because it didn’t exist in a very fossil friendly area? Honestly could be. We’ll never know, likely.

Thank you, thank you for completely explaining this issue for all of us to understand (despite what many of the comments say). I agree with almost everyone that there almost certainly were multiple species of Tyrannosaurus, just not the ones presented in this… do I even call it a paper? It would be one thing if there was some controversy stirred up, but nearly everyone who is knowledgeable about tyrannosaurs has questioned its validity.

@kennethsatria6607

2 жыл бұрын

Huh suspicions confirmed then

@marmolejomartinezjoseemili9043

2 жыл бұрын

bruh, i dont mean to start a discussion, but when did anyone call this paper trash? they critisised it like they should, but the term trash is really strong for a paper that does have a lot of pros and where even the paleontologists who dissagreed accepted some things the paper said

@dynamoterror7077

2 жыл бұрын

@@marmolejomartinezjoseemili9043 yeah, you’re right. “Trash” was a bit harsh.

@marmolejomartinezjoseemili9043

2 жыл бұрын

@@dynamoterror7077 Especially because this paper not only did show that the diferences were from ppopuations and not really sex or age, and also did put a lot of interest into this topic

@peterolbrisch8970

8 ай бұрын

Your credentials please...

27:30 As a designer myself, I wasn't expecting a long segment about graphic design in this paleontology video. haha

@Keigo_88

2 жыл бұрын

Lmao same XD

If the researchers leaned more towards this being a case of a single species changing over time I think I'd be a lot more open to accepting what they said. As it is, I really don't think that they've given enough evidence to prove the presence of three completely separate species.

@curious5887

2 жыл бұрын

Same

@LazyKingAus

2 жыл бұрын

i mean just look at history of other apex predators.

@pugg0wugg083

2 жыл бұрын

African Bush Elephants are recently being born without the ability to grow tusks to counter poaching so it's possible that due to some unknown event, the Rex would adapt to counter it.

@bigkirbyhj666

2 жыл бұрын

honestly saying anything on the species level is kinda sus tbh cause of how rapidly speciation can happen.

I mean it might be a bit soon to call it, but I'm definitely for the idea of there being two new Tyrannosaurus species. 👍

I get that the paper isn't being held to a very high standard, and therefore it's conclusion is questionable, but also aren't there plenty species today that considered one species until we did DNA research and found they were two, even three different species. So it's possible we just won't be able to tell, not without dna evidence. Edit: It does sound like there were tooth thing is good sign of multiple species. But that would only support two species, wouldn't it?

@juanyusee8197

2 жыл бұрын

The tooth thing is a very poor way to distinguish between morphs/species, especially since Tyrannosaurus and several other reptiles have variable teeth count, and this could easily be attributed to individual variation. The idea behind this paper is good, but the data and methodology presented is abysmally atrocious.

@stefanlaskowski6660

2 жыл бұрын

Some humans are born without any wisdom teeth. (I only grew three) Would that make such individuals a different species? Hardly. I'm a big fan of Gregory S. Paul and even have his books, but I'm unconvinced by his argument on these potential species. However, they'll undoubtedly produce a solid and heated debate on the hypothesis, which can only be good for Tyrannosauria as a whole.

@horse14t

2 жыл бұрын

@@stefanlaskowski6660 I only grew 3 wisdom teeth too! And my jaw happens to have been big enough to house them and they grew in normally without drama. Would that make me a different species from those that have wisdom teeth removed because they grew weirdly or their jaws are too small to house them? I don't think so!

@caomunistadoggo4129

2 жыл бұрын

@@stefanlaskowski6660 and I have no wisdom teeth 😢

"Emperor Tyrant Lizard", I love his new name now Well deserved

@aprinnyonbreak1290

2 жыл бұрын

"What makes this one an emperor?" "Ah, it has only one incisor tooth."

Hey guys, the senior author of the three Tyrannosaurus species paper here. Because this vid does not contain original criticism by paleontologists I will not address the deeply flawed and too often grossly inaccurate portrayal of the paper and other research, and sometimes shockingly nonscientific statements, that have been presented. I have done some of that on the dinosaur list, and more is to come from us three authors, and will post link/s here when they do. Because this vid and comments do contain original criticism of the layout of the paper, figures, tables and so forth I will address them in the hopes nipping some of the criticism in the paleo bud. Figure 1 is the way it is because of the need to keep figures as compact as possible while keeping each profile-skeletal as large as possible to maximize view ability of each specimen’s details. We are all able to follow the lettering with a little effort so get over it. The suggested alternative is not practical because it would not fit properly on a print page - it is easy to be critical when not having to deal with actual print page issues which I have been doing since the 80s. Identification lettering is the format style for EB so don’t blame me for that. Nor did I have any control over the layout of the paper So don’t blame for the arrangement of the species systematics section which I agree is not the best. As for Table 2 that was not my idea, a reviewer requested it because they found the contents of the text so complex they wanted a simpler why to sort it out. Reviewer tend to get what they want and it is a good idea. So I get criticized for it. It is a classic damned if I do and damned if I do not thing casual criticism that is of no practical use. As for Figure 2 it is not even close to practical to include lots of femora many of which are on displays and cannot be properly imaged, that would be a huge project beyond practical limits, the progressive difference in proportions is visually not easy to see which is why we scientifically use statistical measurements, etc. etc. Like they say keep things simple. The figure is intended to show the extreme and visually apparent ends of the variation in a couple of juveniles and a couple of large specimens to help visually explain that factor, which is does, as well as that of metatarsals. One commentator was surprised that my being a paleoartist there were not more figures, this is a technical paper not an art project or popular article. It’s mainly numbers, statistical calculations and paleo analysis. If the folks who produce this site want to do a show in which I verbally explain what the paper actually says and why the critics are largely off base let me know, email is on the paper. Can do so just me or going up against a critic or two - so far in no case have critics had to deal with being directly challenged by the senior author:( Greg Paul

@greyideasthetheliopurodon4640

2 жыл бұрын

Oh Hi Mr Paul, Great to see you here. I tip my fedora to you!

@LazyKingAus

2 жыл бұрын

Hey whats your email.

@minutemansam1214

2 жыл бұрын

Too bad your paper is largely fallacious and pretty much failed the peer review process. There is no conspiracy against you. Your methodology just sucked. It's okay. No one's perfect.

@LazyKingAus

2 жыл бұрын

@@minutemansam1214 peer review on something no one really understands

@gregp6210

2 жыл бұрын

@@minutemansam1214 The paper went through the normal peer review process at a leading journal of evolutionary biology, and the final reviews were quite positive:) I do not see evidence that MS is qualified to judge the science. Sounds like yet another blowhard who likes to opine on what they do not know about. Not a good thing. Note MS does not actually say why the paper is wrong, probably does not know how to actually criticize it. Awkward. Rebuttals of the critics are at -

This was a necessary step for the t rex, somebody needed to point out, in an ecological and time sense, how there just simply needs to be multiple species and while the data did not cover much of the t rex, it wasn't wrong of bad. frankly someone needed to push this argument because everyone was afraid to tackle this subject. the whole idea of not being allowed to messed with he t rex is so incredibly unscientific and honestly it's sad to see paleontologist respond like this. At least in my field, herpetology, we wouldn't make this such a big deal just conduct more research to prove of disprove the trends because at the end of the day thats what is most important, not what the author thinks of those trends.

Yep! Oh so many in the field of Paleontology, desperate for recognition, wanting thier work to make a mark. Kinda reminds me of someone unearthing (half) a small unknown toenail, then said toenail suddenly becoming a grand 200+ ton Sauropod, complete with a fancy new extra convoluted name, habits on what it ate, how long it lived, & how it surely must have felt about sunsets lol. ALL from half a small, unknown toenail ; ) This is the current rush - to be first, in a field we have yet to scratch the surface on, in a nutshell.

@stevendaly4640

2 жыл бұрын

This is a general trend in science, and it is not usually about wanting personal recognition. It is about securing funding with high profile results published in high impact journals. It is an issue however.

@ronniepatterson2827

2 жыл бұрын

Yep. No wonder the so - called latest scientific evidence, always gets turned upside down, & obsolete so easily. Its a faulty, grants first, facts later, model from the outset.@@stevendaly4640

@lilactheleafyboi

2 жыл бұрын

also troodon...

T. rex has many fossils but the more obscure species with fragmentary fossils wouldn't get the same level of scrutiny as T. rex so unfortunately we may never know for the more lesser known species. I just wonder if the new species really are new species now I'm confused.

@juanyusee8197

2 жыл бұрын

The thing with even the more fragmentary taxa is that researchers were usually able to find much more and better diagnostic traits than the two traits proposed for the purpoted new Tyrannosaurus species.

1:11 this song was a banger on VHS tapes!

@evanknowles9855

2 жыл бұрын

What is the song… it sounds very familiar

It may be technically "easy" to take histology samples, but maybe doing a destructive test on literally every T. rex femur we have access to is not... a great idea? There is an extremely finite number of T. rex femurs in existence, and its probably not a great idea to do something so damaging to them for something ultimately pretty unimportant

@rubengoncalves293

2 жыл бұрын

The femur is there only a small slice is taken thin enough to be used in microscope. This does not destroy the femur and can be put back. To call something like this unimportant is pretty bias as it can also confirm whether it is a gender dimorphism. Which is unlikely since then it would be more equally distributed and not scewed so much to one extreme.

Thanks for pointing out the problems with this paper. I was afraid it was just going to be skimmed over. Seems like this is nanotyranus all over again. Thanks a lot for your work

@pelewads

2 жыл бұрын

@Dead channel No. Nanotyranus specimens are now considered to be juvenile Tyrannosaurs

@evantreffinger2009

2 жыл бұрын

Ya I’m predicting another nanotyranus like debate

WHO WOULD WIN: • a species of dinosaur that has mostly minor variations between individuals that can be explained by age, sexual dimorphism or even slight environmental differences • a paper poorly explaining a hypothesis that could be acceptable if the differences were greater between individuals of different areas and layers of rock

I wouldn't be surprised if there were other Tyrannosaurus species besides the rex, considering how much paleontology has expanded over the years. But until we have more concrete evidence, I'm not going to hold my breath on this. BTW I love how someone compared the three Spider-Men to the three proposed Tyrannosaurus species. T. rex: No Way Home or T. rex: Across the Tyranno-Verse (Part 1)?

Tyrannosaurus Imperitor sounds so badass

@seregagerassimov4864

2 жыл бұрын

Agree. But I don't fully suport this idea that Rex has 2 brothers now. I think it's HIGHLY unlikely that 3 apex predator species coexist on one territory. But idk, we'll see.

@kingoftheidiots2452

2 жыл бұрын

@@seregagerassimov4864 yeah

5:01 The internet has rotted my brain cause when I saw the plaque that said "Stan the T.Rex" I did not immediately assume the name of the Rex was Stan but rather that this was a demand that I _stan_ the T.Rex.

"If you are going to shoot for the king, you better not miss." I loved this so much. But seriously, I think there is some sound logic in this paper but it is very thin. For me personally, as a non-expert, I'd say it isn't enough to justify radically rethinking T. Rex, not yet. If there was more variation that could be identified I think the paper would be more persuasive.

I _definitely_ agree w/you and Dr. O'Connor about the way the paper (Paul, et. al. 2022) was put together. Moreover, it does not seem like the authors spent much time and thought into how to classify each group as Dr. Stephen Brusatte explained. Dr. Dave Hone also substantiates the flawed paper and I agree w/him. Dr. Denver Fowler's histological approach would be great! However, once a bone like a femur is cut, it is cut. I wish that there was a far less intrusive way to study ontongenetics (like they do in Dendrochronology in taking a sample from a tree [coring]) instead of cutting them down. Excellent video! Very well done and research is top notch!!!

The paper dident go through peer review and instead was posted through a paid article, at least from the consesus of r/paleontology

@Ozraptor4

2 жыл бұрын

Unfortunately this is completely wrong. Evolutionary Biology is a respected peer-reviewed journal (impact factor 3.119) and the acknowledgements in the Paul et al. 2022 paper thank the anonymous reviewers.

The prize fighter of antiquity; The absolute warlord of the earth; The most formidable fighting animal for which there is any record; The KING, QUEEN, and EMPEROR of the Mesozoic, the largest and strongest terrestrial predator to ever walk on earth THE TYRANT LIZARD.

@7reasons617

2 жыл бұрын

I lowkey got hype reading this shit

@rodrigopinto6676

2 жыл бұрын

@@7reasons617 you could just ignore the comment, but believe it or not that what you just read is the perfect description of what is know about the Tyrant Lizard.

@7reasons617

2 жыл бұрын

@@rodrigopinto6676 I agree. Baddest creature to ever walk the earth.

@deinocheirusthebestduck5447

2 жыл бұрын

Ceratopsian's giant crocodiles sauropods big elephants megalodon Mosasaurus:hello there

Hey EDGE! Been a fan for a while now, wondering if you have a Discord server of some sorts? And if so, how can I join?

Where is that place at 0:37

I feel that it is vanishingly unlikely that there was only one species. The ideas presented in the paper are sound but, there needs to be more research. Privately owned samples should only be included if the owner is willing to let samples be taken and retained by the scientific community.

What was the intro music to this? For nostalgic purposes

TYRANNOSAURUS REX IMPERATOR REGINA

Skulls did look pretty different, one being really broad at the snout and outwards to the side with larger front teeth, another narrower with smaller.. and some skulls with higher cheeks all round. i love how they are all large but still different sizes. Expecting a giant version of albertosaurus to be discovered soon. Essentially with t rex you have what tarbosaurus has with zhuchengtyrannus and gorgosaurus has with albert. And my goodness, you have 2 ceratosaurus genera and 7 different allosaurus designations at least! Makes sense therefore that the most dominant giant predator of mongolia and north america would also have its own variations.

I hope this isn't another case of pointing out growth stages again.

I don't know why but splitting the genus to three species with only few anatomical difference feels very unreasonable for me Except if they actually find more evidence to support this idea

I like the name Tyrannosaurus regina. Rhymes with fun.

@frostbitetheannunakiiceind6574

2 жыл бұрын

NOOO LMAOOO XD

@erikhamann

2 жыл бұрын

Not if you pronounce it correctly. Regina is not an English word, so just pronounce it how every other European language does. ;)

Your conclusion is almost exactly my own: There were probably multiple species of tyrannosaurus and their data analysis is good, but their conclusion is waaaaay too strong for the data shown, this is like, the first step of s marathon

Love your channel and always enjoy learning about these amazing creatures. One reason I breed monitor lizards. Closet I can get to owning a dinosaur and now I have over 50 4adults and bunch of their babies. Check them out sometime. I film them and my other critters all the time. Wish you the best and hope you have a great Sunday bud 🙋‍♂️✌️

@mads1259

2 жыл бұрын

I mean, you could get some chickens, or even an emu or two if you can take the responsibility. Monitor lizards are really cool reptiles.

@dondragmer2412

2 жыл бұрын

You would get closer to owning a dinosaur by owning any kind of bird or crocodilian rather than a lizard, which are far more distantly related to dinosaurs than these. But in a sense you might say in terms of morphological resemblance and behavior, in some ways. a monitor lizard more closely resembles some extinct dinosaurs, the predatory ones. Even so, better analogs for predatory dinosaur form and behavior might be a roadrunner or secretary bird, marabous stork or shoebill; any flightless or near flightless bird that is carnivorous or at least omnivorous.

@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013

2 жыл бұрын

He will block you on twitter if he doesn’t like your opinion.

As the criticism section started I was like, "yep, just tell me with Dave Hone thinks."🔥🔥🔥

One Tyrannosaurid: Tyrannosaurus Rex Four Carcharodontosaurids: Carcharodontosaurus, Tyrannotitan, Mapusaurus, Giganotosaurus

@rodrigopinto6676

2 жыл бұрын

Are smaller than tyrannosaurus.

It does make sense for there to be more than one species, also the names are perfect Regina, imperator and the classic Rex names that truly fit the king of the dinosaurs

@aprinnyonbreak1290

2 жыл бұрын

It's funny to me that people insist the smaller morph to be the female, when LITERALLY the only piece of evidence of sex we have at all is that one of the larger ones was a female.

@Tyrannosaurine

Жыл бұрын

It takes more than a cool name to erect an entirely new species from such dubious results. Haaaarrrrumph

Does anyone have a link to the EDGE discord?

What is the hybrid at 2:56?

1:11 yooooo.... finally someone who shares my association between the Universal DVD theme, and dinosaurs

Good video. I have enjoyed the many opinions. Sooner or latter the threads will come together and we will get a more complete picture. To think we have gotten this far with such little evidence is fantastic and I’m very impressed.

Imagine if we accidentally discover a new dinosaur type with this

@SpedSukuna

2 жыл бұрын

Like a new sort of therapod like tyrannosaurs, Abelisaurs and carcharodontosaurs? Like a genus? If so that would be awesome.

I've read that theory for almost a decade but none took it seriously. What changed?

@Demon_Lord_Coom

2 жыл бұрын

KZreadrs found content to make videos about.

@enderman_666

2 жыл бұрын

No one seems to be taking it seriously even now. At best, the reactions are that more than one Tyrannosaurus species is plausible, but that this particular paper doesn't do a terrific job at proving it.

@muhammadrifqi7308

2 жыл бұрын

Nobody took it seriously because nobody had ever tried to support it. Until now. The paper is unconvincing, so the first serious attempt to support the multi-species hypothesis is unsatisfactory, but it's still about Tyrannosaurus so the whole world pretty much pay close attention to it.

@rodrigopinto6676

2 жыл бұрын

@@muhammadrifqi7308 “unconvincing” not true

@muhammadrifqi7308

2 жыл бұрын

@@rodrigopinto6676 what part of it convinces you?

17:37 did anyone see Scotty's shadow moving or was it just me?

At 3:33 minutes in and looking at a picture of all 3 rex species it seems that imperator was made with Rex and Regina, as it shares similarities with both, more that Regina and rex share similarities with each other Edit: as of watching this video it seems that these differences could just be due to individual variation and not different species. After all, a bulkier skeleton and very slightly different tooth placement on the first 3 teeth is basically nothing to go off of. Different people have bulkier builds, and somewhat different dental arrangements. As of yet it seems Tyrannosaurus rex is one species

@herni4713

2 жыл бұрын

imperator is a bit more realistic, because of how old is compared to the other 2.... but rex and regina? wtf they could be just male and female, or rex an older version of regina.... not enough data, even for imperator

@thecarnosaurchannel2819

2 жыл бұрын

Its growth stages and sexual dymorphism as well as milions of years of evolution t rex lived for milions of years so yeah . I think they have more in commun then diff

What about subspecies?

@PintoRagazzo

2 жыл бұрын

That feels like just kicking the down to the next taxonomic level with all the same problems.

This is making me think of Spinosaurus and its messy history.

The tyrannosaurs in the thumbnail look like an aspiring Acapella group.

so which tyrannosaur is the biggest

17:37 ,THE SHADOW

Either there was a wide range of different T-Rex species using different hunting methods on different types of prey or the different morphs could be a response to an ever changing environment. One idea for a video would be to speculate that if we did bring back one of these creatures, would they reach the sizes as they did in the past? As i understand it the reason animals got so large was possibly due to the density of oxygen in the air, which was far higher back then.

I'm excited for this research and how it may change over time but I'm not completely onboard with the whole distinction between teeth thing. These are carnivores who deal with herbivores and competitors that can tear and/or break bone, so couldn't the lack of a certain number of front teeth be a result of battle? To me (at 11:43) the jaw bones simply look like one rex has its full set while the other lost some teeth and is currently growing one back, but of course this just observation so my assumptions are on shaky ground. Maybe differences in numbers of teeth could be an age thing or teeth is just lost and regrown over time much like crocodilians, but I assume this idea is on shakier ground as it likely would have been noted already. I am no expert, not even a proper amateur of paleontology as my knowledge is pretty basic, so don't take my ideas seriously if they are silly. Especially if something has already been proven or noted in the video that I missed or forgot.

@OAlem

2 жыл бұрын

That picture isn't clear but I think when they consistently see two types of dentition, it's not due to illness or injury. It's morphology. If a tooth is lost it leaves a gap. If there's no gap it was never there.

Him saying catalog numbers so satysfying

Im so glad some AZMNH footage is being used so much!

Subspecies in long extinct animals is such a pain in the ass

9:41 I bring scientists YOU bring a rockstar X3

The idea that there were multiple species of Tyrannosaurus not unlike there existing multiple species of Brown Bear is a really fascinating concept! Regardless if this specific study proves it, it makes a lot of sense and is a really fascinating subject!

Tyrannosaurus Imperator is amazing name

Ive always viewed the variations in specimens the same way we do with the leopard variations. Indian, amur, and african leopards are all the same species technically but distinct enough to have their own names

@EDGEscience

2 жыл бұрын

Even though fossil specimens don't all come from the exact same layer and time?

@DesX42S

2 жыл бұрын

@@EDGEscience does coming from different layers completely preclude the possibility that these different species could interbreed and produce viable offspring?

@minutemansam1214

2 жыл бұрын

@@EDGEscience The average length of time a species exists before going extinct is 2 million years. It isn't far fetched that T. rex represents a chronospecies.

Awesome video

Will you do Triceratops Through The Decades in the future?

Wow, it’s like seeing some Subspecies of Tyrant Dinosaur. 13:16 (Gasp) It’s one of those 18 National Geographic Documentaries on Modern & Prehistoric Animals I have in mind that have yet to be released on DVD in after all these years. But I’ll worry about that later. For now I have this to say. Do forgive me, but did you say something about Stan the T.Rex?

I recently read the article

I knew this video was coming and I was waiting for it

@spinysore2213

2 жыл бұрын

now we need the news of the new abelisaur

5:47 is it weird that I can tell _exactly_ where this is, and what skull they're handling?

@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013

2 жыл бұрын

Sue?

@Sagezilla08

2 жыл бұрын

@@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013 I believe so, see the teeth? The sue specimen is specially known for its bent skull

@CthulhuianBunny

2 жыл бұрын

@@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013 Yep, back when she used to be in the main hall of the Field Museum. That clip was probably taken when they were getting ready to move her.

16:11 "mud butte" I'm not laughing, you're laughing.

💖 They have such beautiful, graceful skellies. 😍 Even the Chonkee Morph haha 😁 The labelling disorganization you pointed out @ or around 26:00 seriously just gave me OCD. I am astonished that the authors missed a crucial persuasive opportunity to visually represent the proposed morphs, and even in doing that the whole "A, B, C" thing might have been given a pass. But just.... No. It seems like they assigned individuals a character representative before dividing them into groups? It really is a shame we don't have DNA available to test the hypothesis, it would have been really interesting to see how on or off point they were....

@Adasaur250

2 жыл бұрын

What's more as far as the graph is concerned, two of the specimens illustrated ("Scotty" or RSM 2523.8 and AMNH 5027, the ones labeled B and F, respectively) are ones that the study gave no soild taxonomic designation to, so they're just there taking up extra space. I know E.D.G.E. points out that Scotty was designated as _T. rex_ in the actual text of the paper, but the labeling and captioning of the graph certainly doesn't make that clear, or at least doesn't add a morphotype label. Actually, none of the specimens figured are actually given a "Morphotype I" label...

@retard_activated

2 жыл бұрын

@@Adasaur250 I'm ::facepalming:: lol That's just awful and I guess I misunderstood or didn't snap to that 🤣🤭 Thanks for pointing it out. I still think it's an awesomely interesting topic, I look forward to hearing more about it as various points are debated. ☺️

Even several people call the paper dubious it is entirely possible speciation literally happens all the time there are many endless examples such as Polar Black and Grizzly Bears, central african slender snouted crocodiles not to mention dozens of several avians I wonder thought if the Nanotyranno count as T Regina?

@brandonshmandon1799

2 жыл бұрын

People’s issue with the paper isn’t really with the idea of speciation in Tyrannosaurus itself. The methodology to which they reached the conclusion is where the issue arises.

@thedoruk6324

2 жыл бұрын

@@brandonshmandon1799 True but I also hear mass rumours or disinfirmation about the papper being failed in peer review with no source or citation some people take any matter about tyrannosaurus far too extreme Although the paleontologists themselves knew that the study will be controversial they said as much

@thedoruk6324

2 жыл бұрын

@Leo the Anglo-Filipino giggity! the artworks are gonna be amazing!

@thedoruk6324

2 жыл бұрын

@Leo the Anglo-Filipino both could be amazing if done by particular artists!

@juanyusee8197

2 жыл бұрын

What Brandon said, but also worth noting according to Holtz, the Nanotyrannus holotype may be "T. imperator", which if true would mean "T. lancensis" should be the taxonomically correct name for this proposed taxon. "T. regina" is likely even more dead in the water as a name even if Paul et al.'s (2022) hypothesis holds up, since one of the referred specimens is the "Dinotyrannus megagracilis" holotype, assigned by Paul himself into "T. megagracilis" a while back, which means the taxonomically correct name should be "T. megagracilis".

Hmm...Which one tastes better?

@dinosandtrains909

2 жыл бұрын

Rex, it's the one that will stay in future studies as it's the original

17:52 that's one way to pronounce regina 🤣🤣

Hey edge could you do a video talking about the debates about if a creature is a baby version of an animal or it's own species like nanotyrannus?

@retard_activated

2 жыл бұрын

I was thinking the same thing. It would be a really interesting topic and I kept waiting for Nannies to pop up in a substantial way.... 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013

2 жыл бұрын

@@retard_activated He doesn’t like nano, he blocked me for mentioning it….

@retard_activated

2 жыл бұрын

@@lukeskywalkerjediknight2.013 I'm aware, lol Not about the blocking, about the nannies. 🤣🤭

King, emperor, and queen. What a trio.

You are saying Regina wrong. Also 10 points to the Dino Crisis that got a Trex named after Regina!

@winstonpayne8784

2 жыл бұрын

"regina" means queen in latin, he is pronouncing it correct in this context

@Demon_Lord_Coom

2 жыл бұрын

@@winstonpayne8784 the I pronounced the other way sounds better

@winstonpayne8784

2 жыл бұрын

@@Demon_Lord_Coom "better" is subjective, but all I'm saying is that "re-JIY-nuh" instead of "re-GEE-nuh" is a perfectly valid way to pronounce it *in the context of the word in Latin*

@melodi996

2 жыл бұрын

@@winstonpayne8784 in Latin "i" sounds like English "e", it's pretty straightforward with most of letters.

@erikhamann

2 жыл бұрын

That’s the point. Latin is not pronounced like English. Just pronounce it like most European languages pronounce the alphabet.

Tyrannosaurus was around long enough to start to diversify and adapt to the different geological locations it has been found in, come on people!

I say let all three ambush a hadrosaur in a forest and ask it what the difference was😂

I guess you could say it's a Three-Rex now

i am not convinced by the new paper, but i suppose it's possible?

@juanyusee8197

2 жыл бұрын

Possible, but the evidence is too sparse and the methodology is very bad.

@hsdinoman2267

2 жыл бұрын

@@juanyusee8197 yes yes

Once he said "Tyrannosaurus Regina", my friend can't stop laughing and thinking about "Tyrannosaurus's Vagina"

“If you are going to shoot for the king, don’t miss”

What if the T-rex "species" problem is like the Orcas problem, where they are the same species but they are kinda different

@davinaryanirwasita4993

2 жыл бұрын

if that really happens, we will have a type A t rex, type B t rex, and type C t rex

Brontosaurus and apatosaurus are offering the Tyrannosaurs a round of Guinness.

How can you have a situation between 1 and 2 teeth? Schrodinger's teeth?

@erikhamann

2 жыл бұрын

Probably 😅

Ah yes the chicken out classes the t-rex. *chimken*

Well this is a huge new of the tyrannosaurus but now it's time to identify the species of tyrannosaurus in entertainment media like jurassic park, dino crisis, dino dan, dinosaur king etc

What's about Nanotyrannus or Tyrsnnosautud lancensis?

Tyrant Emperor lizard, Badass

I’m interested to see if how it goes. Because even within Homo sapiens, there are variations in height, bone density, hip axis. I’m interested to see how researchers will control for that.

Very Good!

15:02 My three favorite Spider-Men.

While certainly an interesting hypothesis, these differences are not nearly enough to completely distinguish them as a new species, more like individual differences. Think of it like people. We can look vastly different to one another in flesh and bone, but we're all the same species. Great video.

everybody: battling t rex with spino,giga,charcha New Reasearch: hey there might be some other species of tyrannosaurus t.rex,t.imperator,t.regina also everybody: battle between them!!!!

I thought this was really funny, especially since I'm a student at the University of Maryland and am taking a class with Dr. Thomas Holtz this year. I asked him about this paper when it got released, and he said there is a chance that some of this is true since other large, bodied organisms like Triceratops also display chronospecies during this time. But the kicker here is that T. Imperator won't end up being the name for the new Rex instead it would be getting T. Lancensis since the name has already been around and due to taxanomic naming traditions this older unused name would take precedence here.

Fascinating. Seems Jack Horners old documentary about T-rex getting more robust near closer to the mass extinction was BS.