I love this dude. Great to watch when you want to drift off to sleep dreaming about the universe.

@rotmg4ios

4 жыл бұрын

TheRubberStudiosASMR yeah I always watch SPACETIME when I go to bed!

@liamburgess1150

4 жыл бұрын

In glad I'm not the only one. Sci-show and vsauce videos are favourites of mine too

@bumpcontrol

4 жыл бұрын

I listen to his videos every night before bed lol

@maxvazquez9351

4 жыл бұрын

Amazing to watch when your zooted as well :)

@knodalishell5636

3 жыл бұрын

how about drifting off into space instead of dreams? let’s all go into crytomiosis and populate this universe

I just want to draw everybody's attention to the automatically generated subtitles, which transcribe 'panspermiating' as 'pants-permeating'.

@giovannirafael5351

3 жыл бұрын

Also, it is pants-permeating lifeforms

@NeonCicada

3 жыл бұрын

​@@giovannirafael5351 ...kinky 👽

5:08 Choice hand-gesture for the point being made LOL

@commentguy4711

5 жыл бұрын

How this isn't top comment, I'll never know. you sir know how to watch a video.

@eaterdrinker000

5 жыл бұрын

God does not play dice with the universe, but He prefers manual release.

@ShivaPrakash

5 жыл бұрын

He was explaining how panspermia works

@TheCimbrianBull

5 жыл бұрын

ROFL! 🤣 😂 😅

@ariskpriest262

5 жыл бұрын

@@commentguy4711 my thoughts exactly!

Perhaps the early organisms had all of the traits necessary to survive the harsh conditions of space, but evolved to lose these traits over time since they were not necessary for survival on Earth.

@puppypi9668

5 жыл бұрын

bit.ly/2QoPTYs

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

The problem with the Theory of Evolution is that it is predicated upon survival. If we evolved out of the Earth, then that runs counter to the idea of survival, since why does something that is dead (the Earth), need to come alive, in order to "survive". It makes little sense in the grand scheme of things. There is no evidence to suggest that "primitive" organisms could survive the levels of radiation in space. You are still left with the problem, how did we get primitive organisms? Whether they/we were brought here by Aliens or burst out of the dead Earth, both ideas seem unreasonable.

@puppypi9668

5 жыл бұрын

​@@tensevo Survival only applies after they become self-replicating. It's not really about survival fundamentally but rather about replication-survival is simply a necessary prerequisite to replication/reproduction XD So as soon as something becomes capable of replicating itself, you end up with more of it. Doesn't that make sense? The question is how likely it is for random molecules to end up in any arrangement that's capable of even crappy replication (that is, capable of rearranging nearby molecules into the same arrangement. It's really the _arrangements_ that are replicating-we are all arrangements of atoms just like books are arrangements of letters after all :) And the answer to that is we don't know. Thus assuming it's unlikely is just as unfounded as assuming it's likely. But it would have to be _pretty unlikely_ for it to not have happened even once in the entirety of all hundreds of billions of planets in the hundreds of billions of galaxies in just the observable portion of the unknowably larger universe...which is what would have to be true for the conclusion to be that it was most likely intelligently designed.

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

@@puppypi9668 What do you mean it is about replication? That somehow implies that the dead Earth, with zero plant matter or any organism, decided one day, that it needed to replicate and spawned single cell life from nowhere, then that single celled life just decided that the game in town was replication. It is kind of recursive and goes little towards explaining anything.

@puppypi9668

5 жыл бұрын

​@@tensevo It indeed sounds crazy that life is made of atoms, and that there isn't a fundamental difference between living and dead matter at the atomic scale, until you understand a lot about biology and the fallacy of Vitalism. (But I have neither the desire nor the practical ability to share the entire foundations of modern biological knowledge in KZread comments XD ) But much like how the roundness of the Earth, or that diseases are caused by tiny invisible animals inside us, or that we and our thoughts exist as colonies of tiny independent organisms stuck together (cells), it is nevertheless true in spite of its apparent craziness, and that's just part of what makes this universe so beautiful, from the farthest to the nearest reaches..of Spacetime :)

I just had my Astronomy final today, and I'm gonna miss that class. This show made me decide to take it in the first place, and I'm glad I did. This channel is probably my favorite one from PBS!

"squashing dreams and killing the buzz since 2015" Make... a shirt... I need it.

@FortWhenTea

5 жыл бұрын

me 3

Life forms surviving space or reentry to a planet. I sometimes feel like I barely survive day to day. Thats some impressive stuff.

@Giantcrabz

Ай бұрын

just biohack your DNA to include tardigrade genes

Which is more likely: 1. Life can get started really easily if there's nothing stopping it. 2. Life is really rare, but at the same time so abundant that it found our planet as soon as the planet existed, even though we've seen no trace of it out there since.

The only problem with Panspermia is... even if life did get here from somewhere else... it still had to be created SOMEWHERE. So you're right back to the same problem... how did life start?

@Jerbod2

5 жыл бұрын

Well if somehow we'd be able to prove we came from elsewhere we wouldn't have to search here for the beginning anymore. Which is good.

@darthdaddy6983

5 жыл бұрын

Pss some people have a problem for every solution ☹️

@stiimuli

5 жыл бұрын

Why would it have to be 'created'? Using such a term unnecessarily paints the event with a connotation of conscious will.

@JM-us3fr

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, but if panspermia happened here, it means understanding that initial creation is MUCH harder than just studying the early earth. It means life could have arisen from ANY possible condition the universe could cook up, not just the specific conditions of earth's formation. If we're gonna try to think of how life first arose, this is definitely a question we need to figure out.

@impalabeeper

5 жыл бұрын

Look up Miller-Urey experiment.

We have the technology to start seeding nearby solar systems. That makes the earth an organism and humans the reproductive system?

@TheAlison1456

3 жыл бұрын

That's a valid analogy

@pandapower5902

2 жыл бұрын

or it just makes us gardeners? i dont know. but it looks like we will never do it until we are sure there is no life in those places which seems to be just exhausting to verify

@ChronusZed

2 жыл бұрын

More like we're the pollinators

@SpecialEDy

2 жыл бұрын

@Chris Canavan II Sure we do. Voyager 1 & 2 and New Horizons are already headed into interstellar space. All we need to do is load up an assortment of extremophiles onto probes and start launching them at nearby star systems. It would be extremely easy compared to other space missions. In 10's of thousands of years, those probes would arrive at their destinations, target the most habitable terrestrial planet, and deorbit. All it takes is one cell surviving and reproducing to kick off evolution in that star system.

@pandapower5902

2 жыл бұрын

@@SpecialEDy waaait a second.. assuming you could keep a probe on course for 100,000 years or so, assuming you could even plan that out, to land on an earthlike planet or moon, you would run out of energy surely, even if it was to be reactivated as soon as it close enough to the other star via solar power, how could it possibly survive that long of time.. I dont know.

Panspermia... I've pondered about this a lot. I just didn't know there was an actual term for it. Great discussion!

@MrSvenovitch

4 жыл бұрын

for a DIscussion there have to be at least 2 participants. What you experience here is a MONOlogue. You're welcome

PBS spacetime is run by an alien, an AustrAlien! ...sorry...

@P-G-77

4 жыл бұрын

PBS Space Time... Amazing for me...

Well, Earth is in space so...

@julesviant7632

5 жыл бұрын

ΣHAANTI I’m smarter than you, and space times full cast

@bamfyfe

5 жыл бұрын

And Earth came from Space too. so most likely that **life** did too.

@BNSFGuy4723

5 жыл бұрын

ΣHAANTI Wish I could like your smartass comment more than once. Damn KZread limitations :

@BNSFGuy4723

5 жыл бұрын

Gísli Brynjólfsson The universe is actually a single bubble in a sea bubbles that form and pop in a cosmic Coca-Cola bottle that’s on sale at Walmart. Scary shit if you think about it.

@facetentacles6528

5 жыл бұрын

Yeah all life was formed under the firmament and the moon is just a spotlight the government shines on the dome to keep everyone under control. Also, chupacabras are demons sent by the devil

Hi Matt, can we expect a new video on the paper about dark matter being negative gravity?

@TS1336

5 жыл бұрын

What paper?

@ryenkrusinga4947

5 жыл бұрын

Seconded. I really want to see him cover this.

@ryenkrusinga4947

5 жыл бұрын

@@TS1336 arxiv.org/abs/1712.07962 motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/bjey9v/a-new-theory-unifies-dark-matter-and-dark-energy-as-a-dark-fluid-with-negative-mass

@Paul-Gray

5 жыл бұрын

@@TS1336 The paper thats in today's biggest news story

@aidenvrenna9943

5 жыл бұрын

It seemed like an odd thing to say - that a fluid or tensor with negative mass is the explanation for all of the missing normal, positive mass. It was written by people smarter than me, so I'm sure the misunderstanding is mine. I would love it if Matt or an educated viewer could shed some light on that.

"Stages of Panspermia" sounds like a truly awful conversation with a doctor.

@MysticWanderer

4 жыл бұрын

Or one in clinical language with your spouse.

This channel is awesome! SO glad to have found it. Thank you so much for making all these informative and interesting videos!

I feel alienated by this topic!

@Master_Therion

5 жыл бұрын

I'm not saying you're an alien... But you're an alien.

@boobyman0784

5 жыл бұрын

i love science

@gregoryfenn1462

5 жыл бұрын

I see what you did there.

If interstellar panspermia was the source of life on Earth, and life arrived so soon after the planet became habitable, it is probably safe to assume that new life has continued arriving on Earth on a frequent (geologically speaking) basis ever since. Surely this would be something we could verify, as the implication would be that not all life on Earth shares a common ancestor. That is unless there is some reason that life has stopped successfully making it to this planet (e.g. life can only successfully arrive during the proto-planetary disk phase of the solar system or perhaps our sea of viruses and bacteria quickly gobble up new arrivals in a war of the worlds kind of way), or interstellar life is so similar to that which exists here today (despite billions of years of evolution) that we wouldn't recognise it as being any different.

@kyjo72682

5 жыл бұрын

But if LUCA is alien in origin then we would still have common genetics with the new arrivals. So they might just sneak into out biosphere without anyone noticing.. but yeah, they would probably get eaten WoW-style soon after impact. :)

@Jerbod2

5 жыл бұрын

We'll only find out in the long run. If for some reason there's an astroid cloud out there in space which comes by every 4 billion years and drops new seeds here (and hasn't since since the beginning) we'd only be able to verify that once it comes back around. Or maybe it doesn't come around, has gone in a straight line opposite of us. Who knows. The thing is, I doubt we'll ever get to that point of being able to find every astroid out there and looking for life on it. After all, there might be a planet X (a planet in our solar system so far way we haven't even noticed it yet, no bullshit theory here, scientific articles talked about it this year or last year)

@garethdean6382

5 жыл бұрын

There's the possibility that new life is arriving, but being outcompeted by existing life. One issue is that the life that originally inhabited Earth was anaerobic, with oxygen a poison to it. But life now is nearly entirely aerobic, newly arriving life might hit our aerated oceans and immediately die. If it survived it'd be behind by billions of years of adaptions for this world.

This makes the Fermi paradox even more paradoxical !!!

Maybe aliens are wondering the same in another *exoplanet*

@adlockhungry304

5 жыл бұрын

The Exoplanets Channel , seems plausible.

@KayOScode

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, yes. We are... er ... I mean they must be wondering that

@DrOrder

5 жыл бұрын

It's a reductio ad absurdum meaning that life has to begin somewhere.

@DrOrder

5 жыл бұрын

@Jason / I don't understand the question in point.

@DrOrder

5 жыл бұрын

@Jason / I still don't understand the point of your logic.

I'm confused. To find bacteria in space would we use a telescope or a microscope?

@djb903

5 жыл бұрын

A microtelescope

@Mrflowerproductions

5 жыл бұрын

a kaleidoscope

@georgeb.wolffsohn30

5 жыл бұрын

Yes.

@David-cc8lz

5 жыл бұрын

Look up the rossetta mission. They basically flew a lab to an asteroid to analyse ameno acids

@WillToWinvlog

5 жыл бұрын

If we found it we'd need a stethoscope

1:28 there's a typo, it says "bioshere" rather than biosphere.

@pierreabbat6157

5 жыл бұрын

Also "endolyth" for "endolith".

@mheermance

5 жыл бұрын

good eye

@sammcclain129

5 жыл бұрын

You're hired.

@carlosmejia5728

5 жыл бұрын

Biosphere is here.. 😝

@thomasoosthuyse6328

5 жыл бұрын

Well it's the location it would need to hit to boot up life ;)

I really expected the subject from eons or one of the other channels on PBS. But after watching it I’m so happy that space-time covered this. Great video

Well if earth is in space than technically yes! Life did come from space lol

It would be very interesting if when we do find aliens they end up using the same 4 basic units of DNA that we do. I think that would be the only way to prove panspermia.

"squashing dreams and killing the buzz since 2015" i want this shirt

15:45 Damn, I love me some free content, but you’ve got a REALLY good point here. Maybe we SHOULDN’T insist on everything being free... Either way, I love this channel, I’m very glad I stumbled across it. I’ve been binging these videos for days now! One thing I really like, is in one of the videos (I’ve actually seen 2 so far) you corrected something in a previous video that was less-than-correct after being presented with evidence to the contrary. That takes a massive amount of integrity. Stuff like that earns my subscription. Thanks for such great content!

This is such an exemplary review of the Panspermia hypothesis - thank you guys so much

How about we just decide to be the aliens who originate life across the galaxy by sending tons of little lightsail probes carrying super-resistant lifeforms on board and just make the panspermia happen? Sure, we won't be around to see our space babies evolve, but hey, no plan's perfect.

@jmr2008jan

5 жыл бұрын

Sounds like a good way to have the Council of United Intergalactic Nations declare the Human race bioterrorists to me.

@tri3183

5 жыл бұрын

@@jmr2008jan 😂

@Alienami

5 жыл бұрын

@@jmr2008jan Exactly, it's potentially just smallpox blankets for the universe... #ChristiansAreBestBioTerroristsInHistory

@Cindy-ls3dj

5 жыл бұрын

Transgender Alien Ami, no doubt Christians are good at killing with bible and sword in hand but Muslims easily take the cake on genocide. Muslim historian Firishta [full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah, born in 1560 and died in 1620], the author of the Tarikh-i Firishta and the Gulshan-i Ibrahim, wrote about the medieval bloodbath that was India during 800 years of Muslim rule when Muslims invaded and occupied India and murdered over 400 million Hindus. Jesus (Christian god) never says to kill anyone... ever. Yahweh (Jew god) says to kill people "in the promised land" and false idol worshipers ONLY within Israel. But Allah (Muslim word for god) says to kill everyone not a Muslim worldwide. Your hate and anger towards Christians is wasted when a much more violent oppressive freedom killing religion is coming soon to a theater near you. (Quran 5:51) “Believers, take neither the Jews nor Christians for your friends. They are friends with one another…” (Quran 98:6) "The unbelievers among the People of the Book [Bible] and the pagans shall burn forever in the fire of Hell. They are the vilest of all creatures.” (Quran 9.123) “Believers, make war on the infidels who dwell around you. Deal firmly with them. Know that God is with the righteous.” (Quran 48:29) “Muhammad is God’s apostle. Those who follow him are ruthless to the unbelievers but merciful to one another.” (Quran 4:56) "Those that deny Our revelations We will burn in fire... God is mighty and wise.” Quran 9:5) “When the sacred months are over slay the idolaters wherever you find them. Arrest them, besiege them, and lie in ambush everywhere for them.” If you want something real to bitch about just hold on a few more years. You can start bitching about your loss of freedom and that burka/hijab that's soon to be forced on your once free Judeo-Christian society by those barbaric violent terrorist loving freedom killing Muslims.

@CmdrPinkiePie

5 жыл бұрын

Hey y'all I'm making a little joke about being the "originator aliens" trope from scifi. No need to bring in smallpox blankets references, please (I'm metis, I don't find that allusion very funny, thank you). O__O Also why bring Christians into this?!? I didn't bring up religious stuff here? It's irrelevant, I'm agnostic!

The more important question: How non-organic matter became single-celled?

@istvansipos9940

5 жыл бұрын

havin' sex is faaar more exciting than being a rock. but it is a long journey so first came single cell life

@jacoboneill2494

5 жыл бұрын

Minerals help. You should look into the data on undersea vents.

@thomassaldana2465

5 жыл бұрын

One possibility; kzread.info/dash/bejne/fWWs0Lt_c72fico.html

@jsveterans6949

5 жыл бұрын

@@thomassaldana2465 TY, good overview... In the mid 90's my mum worked at RPI on this exact issue.. Neat to know that she was on the front of figuring out the origin of life.

@thomassaldana2465

5 жыл бұрын

@@jsveterans6949 It would be interesting to hear about her research. Is there an article somewhere? I don't know if we'll ever know the answer for sure, but it seems that a few good hypotheses have been suggested, which helps to get rid of the old "I don't know, therefore god" assumption.

Love watching these videos to go to sleep to, your voice is so calming and relaxing it sends me into a peaceful sleep.

17:39 lol!!! Seriously though, you guys do an amazing job... love your channel!

"Did Life on Earth Come from Space?" Is there anything that didn't come from space???

@mohamedaboelenein7727

5 жыл бұрын

our infinite stupidity ...

@xavierlugo5296

4 жыл бұрын

Beat me to this question

@ALT3REDB3AST

4 жыл бұрын

Exactly. Stars spew raw materials out into the universe and the process continues down the chain...

We know, within a reasonable estimate, our solar system evolved from an ancient supersized sun that went super nova and eventually coalesced into the celestial bodies we know today. Perhaps the panspermia theory is closer to home than we think. Perhaps life first evolved in this region of space in the original solar system that existed here before it transformed into the solar system we have today and some of the most simplistic life forms (most likely bacteria and viruses) survived and fell back to planetary bodies during the formation. If we ever do find genetic evidence of life outside our planet within our solar system and its genetic structure is similar to our own DNA, chances are both sources of life forms came from the same primary vector. Thinking exo-planetary or even exo-solar life’s genetic structure would be DNA and that it’s universal across separate solar systems is mathematically incalculable, unless they all came from the same source. If we found life on a planet in, say, the Alpha Centauri system for example, in all likeliness the life there would not have DNA as we know it. I highly doubt DNA and RNA are the ONLY stable method of storing, relaying, and utilizing genetic information. I’m sure there’s as many or more ways of forming a genetic structure as there are different species on our own planet.

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

The problem you have is still, how did those lifeforms arise? We still need to explain how (why?) life came out of a dead Universe. To survive? Only to die again. Seems totally unreasonable theory. It sounds a lot like some Alien version of Adam and Eve. What do you mean by "life first evolved" ? out of dead planets?

@lucofparis4819

4 жыл бұрын

*Panspermia:* Life evolved elsewhere! *Abiogenesis:* Sure, why not, but it'd still have to emerge! How did it emerge? *Panspermia:* Ugh... Umm... I got nothing. *Abiogenesis:* Yeah, that's what I thought, you suck. *Panspermia:* But I am the cooler one! *Abiogenesis:* I create life out of primordial soups you punk! You're nothing but a glorified Amazon delivery. *Panspermia:* ....

bearing all those que to hear last one to have a good laugh to mitigate seriousness gathered through fully technical video.... LOVE COMIC ANSWERS>>>

"Squashing the feelings and killing the buzz since 2015." Lolol

So Mars might already be contaminated with Earth life?

@Yora21

5 жыл бұрын

I think it's actually quite likely. Though none of it might have been able to get far from their meteorite before dying off.

@noahhounshel104

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, although we've taken care to try and prevent that. It's a possibility that we hope doesn't happen until we can conclusively prove one way or another

@gcisbani

5 жыл бұрын

It was, for sure. Rovers and other landers have transferred there some Earth bio contamination. Decontamination process is not perfect.

@jasonkinzie8835

5 жыл бұрын

I think there are definitely Earth microbes on Mars. They could be dormant are they could be dead. They might even be alive and reproducing although that's much less likely. Mar's is relatively hospitable compared to almost all other places in the solar system, ( an interesting exception might be high in Venus's atmosphere, where temperature and air pressure are relatively earth like, although human habitats would have to float to avoid sinking to the hellish surface below), but it is still incredibly inhospitable to Earth life, (even most microbes). But some extremophiles might be able to live in such harsh conditions provided they found liquid water.

@jsveterans6949

5 жыл бұрын

Possibly... Though, the space agencies put a lot of effort in ensuring we do not contaminate environments.. It's why we sterilize and burn up satellites (like on Saturn instead of it possibly ending up on a moon and creating a false positive for future explorers) in atmosphere's and quarantine astronauts. Our smart people have decent forethought.

Gotta admit, it's refreshing coming here. I have spent the last 5 months arguing with people about whether evolution is real. I've responded to gems such as:" I cant believe people are so stupid there is no evidence for evolution" Many of their comments have no punctuation and I can't read them.

@m_i_g_5108

5 жыл бұрын

Stop wasting your time talking to people :D

@LebesgueIntegrator

5 жыл бұрын

Well, please don't forget the "First Observer" problem of Quantum Mechanics, which Aspect (1982) used with Bell's Theorem & the Einstein, Podelsky, Rosen (EPR) challenge to Quantum Mechanics, to show Quantum Mechanics trumps Relativity. Relativity is a GOOD APPROXIMATION in many cases, except when Quantum Entanglement is involved. You might also want to check out UC Berkeley's "Quantum Eraser" discovery in the 1990s! There is a later version using NULL MEASUREMENTS (i.e. the fact we see nothing at a detector, so we've seemingly literally "disturbed" *nothing relevant,* but the universe *acts provably* differently because we know *nothing* happened there!) that's a little more complex, but still not too hard to follow -- but there's AMAZING machine shop work engineering the apparatus & thinking of it! And the results are wonderfully shocking! Then Sir Roger Penrose, Professor Emeritus at Oxford, with Professor of Anesthesiology at the University of Arizona, Stuart Hameroff just PROVED this year, after TWO DECADES of ridicule: Microtubules carry Quantum Information, and that information remains stored outside this "spacetime," because it keeps changing how this place functions! In other words, YES, they proved an Afterlife exists! Then try to explain how, in a Universe where *nothing ever "happens" without an Observer*, this place can be an accident! There is a First Observer, or we wouldn't be here! And that is all well-established Physics... I'm annoyed sometimes by what you describe, but I remind myself they have good intentions (or are bots/trolls), and I've been blessed with an education they may not have had available... However, it's curious that as daft as some of those posts sound, in Science, we still have been completely unable to solve the problem that would answer their statement *either*! This suggests we both *might* actually *agree with each other's conclusions*, but not Methodology... Just like Heisenberg & Schrodinger trashing each other's formulation of QM, until a year later, Schrodinger realized & proved they were mathematically equivalent formulations. They thought they were castigating each other in every venue available, and they were, but they were also castigating *themselves* just as much... A curious thought indeed!

@LebesgueIntegrator

5 жыл бұрын

To be clear, this persists even when the Microtubules decay & are no more! (I didn't mean to leave a confusing note there -- my apologies!)

@KayOScode

5 жыл бұрын

@@LebesgueIntegrator I didn't think it was a question about whether microtubules carried quantum information. Technically, everything carries quantum information. This includes individual atoms. Quantum physics is defined by the movement of subatomic particles. This being said, I am actually somewhat convinced that there is no afterlife and we in fact live within a computer simulation. What evidence do I have? Well, quantum physics. When you consider the placement of electrons as a probability wave, and that when you observe said particle, it picks a random location along that curve, it becomes clear that not even the universe knows where that particle is at a given point in time. That said, the universe does not qualify as an observer. Then you should ask yourself, what qualifies as an observer. Essentially, an observer is anything which requires that particle to reveal its position. Now that we have established that the universe doesn't know the location of the particle, you should ask yourself why. In our video games and simulations, we keep track of the locations of objects as points relative to the origin transformed by a point relative to the object. We do this for optimization of both memory and of speed. It's quite possible the universe simulation makes similar optimizations when it comes to single particles. Instead of using the memory and time to store the exact position of each particle, it simply stores their location as a probability function. This explains the interference patterns we observed during the double slit experiment. Another side topic, we previously thought that the fastest information could be transferred in a vaccum was the speed of light. With quantum entanglement, it is very possible to send information with no time delay. Experiments conducted a few years ago reveals that the time it takes for the other electron to respond is at least as fast as the speed of light, but we cannot yet confirm it is faster.

@LebesgueIntegrator

5 жыл бұрын

Young Bryce Thank you for a VERY thoughtful reply, and you raise some very rich research areas - are you also an Academic & Researcher? Aspect (1982) showed FTL (faster than light) entanglement effects beyond any reasonable margin of error, UC Berkeley’s Quantum Eraser REALLY forces us to confront some “intuitive definition errors,” (and has been used to confirm the effect) and all of this research has been expanded. This past year, China demonstrated via a Quantum Computer onboard a satellite that Quantum Entanglement beats Relativity at the largest distance we have produced in any public experiment, which was a shock for several reasons... In fact, aspects of Quantum Computing and QEEC (Quantum Error Correction Codes for Decoherence) are brilliant - but VERY challenging attempts to address this issue. You raise a terrific issue in the Philosophy of Science & Ontology, as well as Mathematics, Numerical Methods, and Integration! Do we live in a simulation? Well, first, we would have to see “outside” the system to even know *what that means* in terms of our reality! We not only cannot falsify a simulation hypothesis, but I can prove it right now - with the SAME kind of tautological argument that “Completeness Relation Factorization” approaches use: Ignoring the far more wondrous Lebesgue Integral and Measure Theory (which I’’m assuming for now you may have studied and use in Research, but correct me if I’m wrong, please!) for a moment, for a more general audience, let’s consider the Riemann Integral. This is the same kind of integration over the Continuum that is typically (or able to be) used to solve ALL sufficiently well-behaved Partial Differential Equations. Let’s just consider a function in a 1-D domain (“X”), which maps to a 1-D Co-Domain (Range) “Y = f(x); x in X.” Many of us remember drawing all those rectangles of width delta-x, finding trapezoid convergence, then taking the limit as delta-x gets infinitesimally close to zero - but is still greater than zero. Formally-speaking, this means that X is a “Topologically Connected Space,” since there are not “gaps” an “insider (in X)” would notice. This creates an “Open Covering,” which we use to add up all our base*heights of infinitesimal precision. This is how EVERY deterministic Differential Relation in science is handled, in one form or their... BUT WHY? If f(x) is constant or linear over [0,1] and [2,10], then if I’m integrating, I REALLY need more samples from [1,2], because that is where the function may wander strangely.... So WHY did I think to equally weight the “Riemann Rectangles/Trapezoids”? Well, if I can obtain an Analytical Solution (which is great for “spherical cows with no friction or gravity,” but *real-world problems* usually require numerical methods to solve for real-world Potentials and other factors. (ASIDE TO NON-MATHEMATICIANS OR BUDDING MATHMATICIANS: This is a field called Numerical Analysis. All sciences need more experts in these techniques, because it is becoming a lost art, when we most need it for many problems, and it is actually an AMAZING source of insight for solving any number of problems you would not expect... unless you’d devoted an arguably excessive amount of time studying many branches. ) If we have a linear function or constant response over [0,1] and [2.10], why not just take a few samples in that region that span it, since they will be well-behaved. Now suppose f(x) goes a bit wild over [1,2[... Why don’t we use 70% of our processing power on RANDOMLY SAMPLING from [1,2], knowing that as with Riemann as our sample N->Infinity, we will have comparable precision! (Identical AT infinity, ceteris paribus.), and we will achieve either the answer or something AMAZINGLY close, unless the function is pathological. (Like integrating the Dirichlet Function...) As our sample N->Infinity, ANYTHING WE KNOW HOW TO DESCRIBE DETERMINISTICALLY (or even pre-decoherence / “wave function collapse”) can be solved by a Monte Carlo Simulation, if it’s reasonably well-behaved! But what does this *mean?* We choose which operators we’ll use to invoke the Projection Postulate, such as position or momentum - or a less accurate set of combinations. But what we tend to call “Particles” don’t really exist *at all* - at least not with “ping pong ball” descriptions. They are far more intricate.. Sure, if we measure them directly, under decoherence, we might locate them briefly or measure momentum, but it is like a fish in a muddy Aquarium bumping against the glass. Once we’re not causing decoherence by measurement, the “particles” are actually Probability Fields in the Complex Plane, interacting with other Probability Fields, whose properties are specific to the form of the field. The “Particle” is a “vanishingly small,” deceptive, and illusory glimpse at the universes. However, if we do not recognize their Field nature, we will be led astray. In other words, to say the Universe (inasmuch as it is deterministic outside of our observations) is able to be modeled by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) turns out to be ISOMORPHIC - THE SAME - as saying “We live in a simulation,” To clarify Penrose & Hameroff, thank you for asking your question. There is a broad audience, and some care more about the answers (and have been blessed with stronger backgrounds) than others. I sense that you are among those who genuinely care and are interested. Yes, microtubules and fibre bundles “carry quantum information,” but we haven’t known.*WHERE* in many cases! Where does the information gets carried?! You greatly helped my pedagogy and clarity by raising your question, so thank you! What Penrose & Hameroff showed was that the information is carried *outside of this visible universe*, in such a way that it maintains persistent effects! For example, consider the classic double-slit experiment. If we have a graduate student watching detectors, we should see two bulges on the film or photon detectors. However, if something goes horrible wrong for said student (or they’re turning 120 years old, for a happier thought,), if they die, the Universe still knows the information they obtained while alive! They somehow have a DEMONSTRABLE MEMORY that causes the experiment NOT to revert to interference patterns, even if the students didn’t record or report their actions or their results! So yes, we live in a simulation, but what that MEANS isn’t readily apparent. If it IS an INTENTIONAL SIMULATION, we are evidently “free agents,” who choose what we observe, in part by our actions. This presents a deeper question: Since we store histories of our memories (even Quantum Uncertainties) outside this physical system, we most certainly must also be the impetus that chooses, by some complex mechanism, which projection operators we employ with our actions to obtain observations. This begs a BIG question: Since the Universe is VERY complex and extensive, and an Integral is only posed to answers a question about a system and the functions that govern its equations of motion, which are largely detailed in our many texts and papers, WE are the real VARIABLES entering the Simulation! The rest, what we would otherwise think of as variables, turn out to be “parameters!” So: Question: If this is an Intentional Simulation & not merely a tautological one, WHAT is the *function* that SOMEONE cares about so much that this place was constructed, and WHY is it that WE are the real components being evaluated?! This is the most fascinating aspect of the “Intentional Simulation Hypothesis!” Lookup Penrose & Hameroff’s work and two ten-minute interviews before you conclude things about the Afterlife prematurely! They give two great 10 minute interviews, but their scholarly works are *extremely* impressive (unsurprisingly)! Also, probability waves aren’t Entropy Maximizing constructs - they are just part of the “Rules of this System,” because we make observations, which means some eigenstate has to be selected for us to observe. Otherwise, consider Quantum Computers: They are potentially very powerful, not “just random,” which is why we research them so intently! Also, what happens when we check the slits on the double-slit experiment or any other decoherence process we cause? Entropy INCREASES! For living things, that’s not exactly good news, is it? I wonder... is there any ancient text somewhere that says - seemingly absurdly, especially for an ancient text - our ability to obtain a certain *type* of Information brought death into the physical world?.That would be an astonishing prediction, confirmed by modern science, n’est pas? Was this helpful, and might I clarify anything that I was unclear regarding? You are an excellent scientific conversationalist, and you have some great questions that overlap with much of my research!

Great work Matt!Also love your accent❤️

really went on a roller coaster ride of emotions with this vid

Does a visiting space object have to strike a solar system object to deliver its payload of life? In the case of 'Oumuamua we know it is possibly out gassing which would explain its increased speed. In that out gassing could be particles of ice and dust that contain micro life spores or endoliths which could then gently drift around our solar system to infect each body in our solar system over time. So long as the microbe found warmth, water moisture and chemicals to continue its life processes it will thrive and adapt quickly, or it will take the slow route not changing/evolving much at all, yet still replcating itself Waiting for more chance encounters with other objects to once again place it in a solar system or interstellar trip.

@garethdean6382

5 жыл бұрын

In general such 'scattering' processes leave the life very exposed. Initially to solar radiation, then the radiation belts surrounding Earth (Or other planets.) You're looking at a lifetime measured in days at best. And such small particles are generally blown by stellar wind into space. So it doesn't improve your chances much.

Tardigrades, all the way down...

@whtbobwntsbobget

5 жыл бұрын

No. You're not smart

@garbleduser

5 жыл бұрын

And you are a troll. Good bye!

Actually that SuperPOOsition baby onesy is hilarious :D ... props to the one who had that idea! ^^

17:35 "PBS Space Time- Quashing dreams and killing the buzz since 2015" . Now that's what you should put on some of your merch for fans of both physics and irony.

I don't see any problems with life appearing so quickly on Earth. In the beginning, it's just chemistry, and chemistry will happen whenever the conditions are right.

@AssemblyBanditChannel

5 жыл бұрын

Exactly, there is no need to say that life came from another planet or a god or gods.

@garethdean6382

5 жыл бұрын

And that's fine, IF the chemistry involved is fast enough. I can't expect an iron bar to turn to rusty dust overnight, even if it IS just chemistry. The question is whether life's chemistry was quick enough to appear so soon. (And if so, what this means for briefly habitable planets like Mars or Venus.)

@michaelsommers2356

5 жыл бұрын

@@garethdean6382 The more I think about panspermia, the less likely it appears. Even assuming an organism survived the interstellar trip, the trip through the atmosphere, and impact, it would still have to survive on a lifeless world. That means it would have to be an autotroph, since there would be no biological food for it. If it were photosynthetic, it would need to have come from a star similar enough to the Sun that its photosynthetic stuff would work here. If chemosynthetic, it would have to arrive in a place where the chemicals it needs were present in sufficient quantity. If it lived on land, it would have to hit the 30% of Earth's surface that is land. If it lived in the sea, it would have to be able to cope with the salinity of our seas, which is likely to be different from the salinity of its home seas. It would also have to land in seas of appropriate depth; it would do no good for an organism used to shallow water to land in 4000 m water. Wherever it landed, the temperature would have to be compatible.

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

The problem is Michael, the Earth was dead and now it is alive. The Earth was simple and primitive and now it is complex. The issue you have is creating the conditions for a dead planet to come alive. I.e. where does the Chemistry come from and why does the Chemistry of a dead planet want to spontaneously bring itself to life - to evolve and survive? Why not just stay as a dead dormant unconscious planet??? Essentially are you saying rocks and water spontaneously started to arrange themselves into living cells?

@lilyoyo77

3 жыл бұрын

@@AssemblyBanditChannel Life can't just pop into existence and abiogenisis is not proven. You're entitled to your delusions anyways

It came from his noodley appendage

@Evtrex13

5 жыл бұрын

got em

@aidenvrenna9943

5 жыл бұрын

R'amen

@kyjo72682

5 жыл бұрын

the pansperm? yuck!

@aesericho3651

5 жыл бұрын

All hail!

@BothHands1

5 жыл бұрын

LordWhorfinX2 whoah there...

11:36 actually for spacecraft often the swing-by method is used. If a rock ejected to space randomly gets on a path that is like a swing-by path, it can reduce the required velocity when launched from earth. For a single rock this is very unlikely, but if there are many of them ejected, it might be not so unlikely anymore that one of them gets on a path like this.

you're brilliant bro.. I watch so many of your videos.. awesome!

@allehman8660

3 жыл бұрын

Wish you had a Q&A id love to ask you some targeted questions to get a more clear view of some missing pieces

Came for the physics, stayed for the brow game... am I right?!

Why do the lifeforms need to survive the journey? If you just spewed the "guts" of a bunch of lifeforms over a sterile world with the proper conditions, I'd imagine abiogenesis could be kickstarted a lot easier. You wouldn't have to start life completely from scratch, you'd have bits of dna, rna and/or protiens around, and if some of them can self replicate in those conditions, you might end up with a planet covered in the stuff.

@garethdean6382

5 жыл бұрын

What will kill a lifeform will also tend to quickly turn its 'guts' into very simple molecules. Anything exposed to space for long is quickly reduced to very basic ingredients indeed, so any protection is welcome.

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

The problem you have is still, how did those lifeforms arise? We still need to explain how life came out of a dead Universe.

@smob0

5 жыл бұрын

@@tensevo We do need to figure out how life arises in the first place, but if life can spread around the universe once formed, the conditions for abiogensis could be very rare and still have life being pretty common. It could even be that condiontions for abiogensis don't exist anymore, or where much more common in the earlier universe, and panspermia is what seeds life around e.g. maybe abiogenesis happens when the average temperature of the universe is rougly body temperature.

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

@@smob0 The existence of life essentially runs counter to the theory of entropy. The two need to be reconciled. We are not even close to reconciling this. Entropy states that things become more disordered and simple over time, things die and erode, whilst life, once originated (??), evolves, mutates and becomes more complex and sentient. You are starting from the axiom that life just exists. I am saying that is a huge assumption. We simply do not accept that a dead planet can come alive. But then that may well be what happens. We just don't know. I am not disputing that life could also be out there somewhere.

PBS has enough funds to make all this narrative into an awesome images-filled production.

The tardigrade lol, the first time I learned of that little critter was on an episode of 'The Cat in the Hat knows a lot about that'. Good episode for those of you that have young kids. I watch it with my 7 year old and we both learn new stuff all the time from it.

It would explain why we don't seem to have any major competitors for the main DNA/RNA system found in all life on earth... one would expect that if life came about so quickly on the planet, that a different system could have been arrived at that we would have found too.

@davidbudo5551

5 жыл бұрын

Or Earth won the lottery of correct variables for life to coalesce.

@aidenvrenna9943

5 жыл бұрын

Everything alive is under pressure from predators, parasites, and other invaders, and they're in competition for food on top of that. It's like being constantly on the front lines in a never ending battle. The code of DNA and RNA allow the slow accumulation of biological "technology" which is "learned" through natural selection. Now that DNA- and RNA-based life forms have accumulated this ever-improving technology, completely separate/parallel abiogenesis events aren't likely to be able to out-compete.

@TerribleTF2

5 жыл бұрын

There's a problem with this assumption, though the actual acceptance of its conclusion is pretty low. cf. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_biosphere tl;dr: any microbes not using DNA/RNA (or those using a different encoding of DNA/RNA) would be difficult to detect with modern assays. Considering ~1% of microbes are culturable to begin with, there's plenty of possibility that they're around and we aren't looking hard enough for them.

@Alienami

5 жыл бұрын

@@TerribleTF2 We never look hard enough for anything, *unless we're biased towards it...* am I rite? We humans, love our confirmation bias, and our hubris.

@greenanubis

5 жыл бұрын

@@TerribleTF2 How much is "plenty" of possibility? Also, what makes or breaks panspermia is plentyness of its possibility.

Panspermia would be cool, and a little kinky, not gonna lie ☺️

@heavyrain5949

5 жыл бұрын

Huh...

@BNSFGuy4723

5 жыл бұрын

Liam Divine More like, uhuh :) Imagine... *motions hand across the night sky* Cosmic incest!

@Gooberpatrol66

5 жыл бұрын

abiokkake

@BNSFGuy4723

5 жыл бұрын

Sal Vastola S-Sal S-Senpai, thank you for illustrating my thoughts into pictures for the illiterate, d-d-desu!

@maclennanld

5 жыл бұрын

Okay, calm down Riker

Dear PBS team, please give a medal to the person who created the intro tune.

The lengths of hopeful speculation people will go to in order to avoid creation is incredible

I hope it didn't. A universe where a planet can easily create life on its own is much more fascinating.

@fvckinfool101

5 жыл бұрын

Paul Paulson exactly. It seems earth has the chemistry.

@under_score3829

5 жыл бұрын

But if Earth (and other life planets) all got their life from somewhere else, it still had to originate on some life-producing world. So the question is: what was that first world that created life on its own?

@thatpoetbobbymask8710

5 жыл бұрын

What if life didn't start on planets but in giant clouds of the right components blending together in a warm region of space.

@trelligan42

5 жыл бұрын

+that poet Bobby Mask You raise a good point, and some non-simple compounds have been detected in such clouds. But it seems unlikely to me that this would result in truly complex life, such as a bacteria or yeast cell.

@PaulPaulPaulson

5 жыл бұрын

If the first genesis of life is so unlikely that it only happened at most once per galaxy, most galaxies would be without life at all. And all life in a galaxy would be related and we could never find out what other fundamentally different kinds of life could emerge from dead matter.

Maybe life in the universe began on Earth.

@aidenvrenna9943

5 жыл бұрын

"Where is everybody?" -Fermi I hope life in the universe did begin on Earth. Otherwise, the "Great Filter" is still ahead of us.

@reedfrombigisland

5 жыл бұрын

Aiden Vrenna But what if for example, simple life is everywhere but multicellular life is almost nonexistent? Then the “great filter” could be behind us with life still seeding the galaxy. Just a thought.

@spacejunk2186

5 жыл бұрын

Maybe the universe began on earth.

I believe the origin of life is a biochemical process that occurs everywhere in the universe where conditions are favorable.

@ET3Roberts

4 жыл бұрын

Steve Brown James Tour is a biochemist that speaks about that early life process, should check him out!

5:06 spraying what sir? That hand motion lol

Misspelled biosphere at 1:22

@jamiewomack

5 жыл бұрын

All those smart people and no proofreader?

@ChrisGX75

5 жыл бұрын

Seriously.

@Willam_J

5 жыл бұрын

Jeez, people. It’s just one simple mistake. I have another channel, where I present and discuss the technical aspects, and the operation of, drones. In one video, I said “lens”, when I meant to say “filter”. It was obvious, as to what I meant, because the video was about filters, but that didn’t stop the comment section filling up with people, pointing out that one mistake. It was an unscripted, ‘quicky’ video, which was made for one specific person, who was having trouble re-installing his camera filter. It also became one of my most popular videos, because it turned out that a lot of people had the same problem. Unfortunately, that one little mistake seemed to be more important, than the information which I provided. It was only the large amount of positive comments, which made me leave it up. It helped a lot of people, and that’s what counts. I’ll say here, what I said to the people who made rude comments on my video: “If you can make a better video than this one, do it yourself.” :-)

I support the primordial soup

@Hank254

5 жыл бұрын

Who doesn't love soup?!?!?

@altrocks

5 жыл бұрын

I prefer the primordial stew. It's a little thicker and has better seasoning.

@spazmaticaa7989

5 жыл бұрын

@@Hank254 me. Except Italian wedding soup. That's it

I just need to say your Firefly T-shirt is one of the best i have ever seen!

Thank you for sharing this video that was very interesting. Great topic.

Maybe Earth has seeded other planets 🤔

@AnEvolvingApe

5 жыл бұрын

Which planets?

@HenriZwols

5 жыл бұрын

It has probably seeded Mars. There's no way those NASA Landers are 100% microbe free.

@danvallentyne9587

5 жыл бұрын

Hmm, I wonder how many planets are in range of a 4 billion year old rock from earth. That would provide a list of candidates for planets seeded by earth.

@TheReferrer72

5 жыл бұрын

actually this is more likely than not. we will be getting many more which now seem impossible theories popping because of ESA Gias mission which has mapped the trajectories of million of stars in our galaxy. The earth will be getting a star that will come within the ort cloud in 1.2 million years, how many times has that happened in the past?

@ToastedFanArt

5 жыл бұрын

@@TheReferrer72 I'm not too well informed on these matters but I'll take your word for it you sound like you know what you're talking about.

Doesn’t DNA/RNA have a chemical half-life? If so, how would bacteria remain viable for millions of years when the chemical bonds of its genetic code are continually broken?

@grandsome1

5 жыл бұрын

That's only if DNA isn't self-corrected by biological processes; the microbes would travel in colonies and cannibalise each other over time for material. There's still half the original material after half life, and the other half might still be viable. If panspermia works, of course.

@noahhounshel104

5 жыл бұрын

​@@grandsome1 Theoretically yes, especially over those long times DNA and other microbial machinery will decay. But this *could* be offset by even stupidly slow reproductive cycles within a rock bound for another galaxy. One thing that *wasn't* discussed that I would have liked to see is the idea of bacteria living happily off of the energy produced via the half life of decaying isotopes. Its a difficult balance to reach, but I think its possible to maintain a temperature high enough within the rock for certain metabolic functions to continue within an asteroid. Its still stupidly cold, but maybe survivable for extremophiles.

@bensutcliffe1975

5 жыл бұрын

@@noahhounshel104 the extremophile then crash lands on a planet 100's of degrees hotter than its used to and dies instantly.

@kyjo72682

5 жыл бұрын

I think the breakdown is mainly due to radiation.. If it's travelling somewhere deep inside a frozen rock I think it would be safe. Natural cryogenics! :)

@noahhounshel104

5 жыл бұрын

@@kyjo72682 in the long term you would be correct, but we're talking about hundreds of millions of years without any sort of energy. Most chemicals decay over time and even stuff like DNA will break down naturally over these kinds of timescales. Being protected by an asteroid will help protect from radiation but likely won't help with protecting from decay.

It's neat that Chrono Trigger and Final Fantasy VII took note of cryptobiosis and used it as inspiration for Lavos and Jenova respectively.

Panspermia doesn't really answer the question of how abiogenisis occured. It just shifts the location to some far distant (in space and time) location. The exact chemical and thermodynamic recipe for making life from non-life remains unaswered.

@puppypi9668

5 жыл бұрын

Absolutely! But if it's the case, then the space of statistically allowed chemical pathways is far greater, including even very improbable ones since it only has to happen once.

Why bother entertaining such questions when you can just imagine an invisible wizard poofing life into existence fully formed?

@NcedoWabantu

4 жыл бұрын

Checks out

@lucofparis4819

4 жыл бұрын

"Hockety pockety wockety wock! You dummy rocky now Adam & Evy!" Yep, totally sounds legit.

@MarianaTrench6699

4 жыл бұрын

In dimension J529 that is exactly how it went down.

@nostalgicgod1801

4 жыл бұрын

I know when we lean towards science to stray for the more facts presented but religions and their writings are 25% history and 75% prophetic. The way we have coincidences and chances of things happening in science such as our existence I wouldn’t be surprised at being the work of God as a greater FORCE beyond everything we will never fully understand i Believe

I didn't know Tyrion Lannister had a KZread channel.

When it comes to escaping the gravitational pull of a solar system, you can reduce the initial ejection velocity at the cost of adding one or more gravitational slingshots from other planets in the solar system (which of course would effect the overall likelihood of an escape happening).

Really Like the Lightness of your presentation, and Humour. It's makes imho Much More Attractive :) 🖒

Many discussions about life-on-earth eventually come around to panspermia. In the past, I've downplayed the significance of this hypothesis because it simply pushes back the mysteries of life from non-life back one step, without furthering the discussion. The ability of chemical processes in an environment with clays, crystals, water with dissolved ions and energetic input - photons and lightning - has always seemed sufficient to me without such a deus ex machina. Your explanation that life arose in a 'suspicious' period of time seems to have merit, I look forward to seeing more content in this area.

@AbeDillon

5 жыл бұрын

I don't think it's fair to compare panspermia to deus-ex machina. It's not the violation of Occam's razor that intelligent design is. It simply expands the search-space for abiogenesis theories. It's more like, look; the Miller-Urey experiment didn't produce life, but it was run in 5-litre flask for only one year. The Earth had hundreds of millions of years and bazillions of liters of water, so there's a huge range of Pe (the probability the experiment would have made life) for which the corresponding probability of life arising on Earth through similar processes is essentially 1. Considering the possibility of life originating outside of earth extends this maybe only a little bit, maybe a lot, maybe so much so that it's many times more likely that life originated off planet than on. Sure, it's tough for life to survive the trip, but that has to be balanced against the huge expansion opportunity life had to develop.

@Alienami

5 жыл бұрын

Life is a natural occurrence; the opposite of entropy; Ying and Yang. On Earth, everywhere we find water, we find life. There are stars that literally shoot water out of them like bullets. Nebulas made of largely water. It's even been proven that our sun has water vapor on it. (although I'll never think that the sun has life on it hahaha) And then of course, we have the Drake Equation, and math doesn't lie. Even when they try to fudge and massage the Drake equation towards their bias of there not being aliens, it still says there are aliens. 😂😉 So, we have to ask ourselves: is the math wrong, or are we doing another "The Sun Revolves Around The Earth," "The Earth Is Flat" ...and anyone who says elsewise, is a heretic and a blasphemer...? Because, human stupidity and hubris knows no bounds, and is not relegated to the Past... The scientific method has helped us, but it has not cured us of being Human... and to err is Human. We've literally shown government recorded UFOs, from state-of-the-art fighter jets, on the news, with verified testimony from that pilot who filmed it, and verified on the news that the US government is still running programs for documenting and recording UFOs to this day in secret programs, and people still don't believe in aliens... That confirmation bias and cognitive dissonance and hubris is strong... As for me, I've literally had several encounters with aliens and UFOs, childhood to present, even recorded some... so I personally know it's not bullshit... but even with video and physical evidence, people are still labeled as crazy... ...but then again, people think I'm crazy for being transgender also, and that is verified by science and psychology... because somehow people have dick for brains because obviously a penis makes you a male brain... Duh! Humans are just made up of XX and XY and there is /nothing else going on/ Hahaha 😂 People are willing to believe anything, despite the evidence, for as long as humanly possible, if that's what they want... ...and as if to prove a point massively, flat earthers are somehow a thing to this day... when you can send a GoPro to space for a few hundred bucks... and any number of means to measure the circumference of the earth or see the curvature of the Earth, firsthand...

@98danielray

5 жыл бұрын

@@Alienami life is not the oppositikn of entropy. life produces heat as a byproduct of more complex organic and inorganic molecules. with a good enough energy gradient, life can be produced, so as it ultimately gives out more entropy. see "higgs free energy" for more info

@98danielray

5 жыл бұрын

@@Alienami also nice conspiracy you have there. you being transgender makes wah more sense and is not analogue to believeing we have found alien ufos

@Alienami

5 жыл бұрын

@@98danielray I am paraphrasing what this very channel said on the matter of life arising naturally due to entropy. I never said we don't cause entropy. We are like miniature stars; We create complexity which is the opposite of entropy, by causing more entropy because there is no such thing as a free lunch, with the goal to pass on that complexity to the next generation... That is how the atoms you're made of came to be. Effectively all matter is forged in stars. Hubris and group-think prevent science from advancing. Only a fool ignores data by artificially labeling it as erroneous because of bias. Statistically, even if most evidence of aliens was fake or mistaken, that doesn't mean all of it is... And you ignore the evidence the government has put forth on the matter... It's an open secret, kept by hubris and incredulity. I didn't believe in aliens at first, and I fucking met them as a kid... But, of course, you're already certain I am wrong and now you're certain I am crazy... And yet you're also certain you're not biased or wrong... Without any actual proof or professional training... Which ironically proves my point, but of course you also cannot see it... Dunning-Kruger Effect, personafied. Also, you don't make much sense... I have to assume what you're saying... ...And it sounds like you're attempting to be a bigot... And anti-intellectual by shutting down debate with logical fallacies... Ad hominem attacks, strawman fallacy, red herring fallacy, etc... Your hubris is showing. 😉

Can we get a video on why string theory is wrong?

@derekscanlan4641

5 жыл бұрын

i had assumed that there would be one. not like spacetime to only cover one side of an issue

@pbsspacetime

5 жыл бұрын

It's already been filmed. Stand by while we pretty it up for you.

@EllaKarhu

5 жыл бұрын

​@@derekscanlan4641 He said they would make one. Have a little patience, I'm sure these videos take a lot of time to make.

@tyster911

5 жыл бұрын

PBS Space Time I don’t want to watch that one. I like keeping my imagination

@stevewiles7132

5 жыл бұрын

Tried string theory, I always just ended up in knots

finally new video.. nexttime im waiting am onth instead of checkin everyday

Kudos for slowing things down. Much much better.

You've forgotten my my favorite version of this hypothesis -Accidental Panspermia, where aliens visiting the early solar system flushed something out the back of their spaceship that evolved into us!

Everyone knows the Milky Way was seeded with life by the Precursors.

@theoldone3295

5 жыл бұрын

Do they now?

@john-or9cf

5 жыл бұрын

Lockout. I thought it was the Cylon creators, Zeus, Apollo, Athena, et al

Best corp mission statement ever: Squashing Dreams and Killing the Buzz Congrats

Hey Matt and PBS Spacetime team, awesome video as always!! Sorry to change subjects, but was wondering if you plan to do a future episode on Dr. Jamie Farnes' recent paper on negative mass N-body simulations that seem to provide a framework for a new theory on dark matter. Thanks!

what if we are a genetic experiment like we do it in labs. and the meteor that made the dinosaurs go extinct was just a reset button

@whoneverknow9588

3 жыл бұрын

We ain't nothing baby but an Alien Chimp. Genetic hi-brid species Presents a complex thesis Bio-chem mystery trace Outer space Earthly race

You have biosphere misspelled as "bioshere" in about the first 2 minutes of the video.

Brilliant as usual 👌....!!!!

You guys are consistently brilliant. 😺

A second occurrence of panspermia brought us telephone sanitisers, account executives, flat earthers and moon landing deniers. (Apologies to Douglas Adams.)

To escape the solar system, it could happen that the rock uses other planet's gravity to 'slingshot' itself further out, thus requiring less initial speed.

The problem with Panspermia, no matter how plausible, is that it doesn't solve the issue, it only displaces it: life has to appear somewhere. Epistemologically speaking, abiogenesis is so much more economic in the number of "What if" that Panspermia becomes absurd... Since even with Panspermia some form of abiogenesis must occur *before.* Still a very cool topic though, and I wonder if biology may not be a good hint at how feasible Panspermia is anyway: remember, all those microbes we've tested are *modern, evolved ones.* There is absolutely no guarantee that simpler, less evolved lifeforms from our past could survive those insane conditions. Which is concerning, since Panspermia suggests all lifeforms on Earth come from a common ancestor that _was_ able to make it. It really seems way too much of a stretch, especially when we weigh in the Fermi Paradox.

teach me about space and science while wearing a shirt from one of the greatest sci-fi shows ever? yes please

It is always aliens or god trying to fill in the gaps.

@jasonkinzie8835

5 жыл бұрын

I think scientific progress has a good chance of filling in these gaps one way or another.

@jsveterans6949

5 жыл бұрын

People aren't very creative, are they... Alien god of the gaps...

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

Aliens is just a word ppl use when they are afraid to use the word God. It explains stuff without explaining anything. The problem science has is basically unable to explain the stuff that we really want to know, like how did we get here? why are we here? etc. etc. Science treats the existence of matter and life as an axioms - it is pure observation and curve fitting the data.

@jsveterans6949

5 жыл бұрын

@@tensevo Just let go man.... You're really close to being a actual un-impacted-by-a-millennia-of-fear-washing person. Santa to god to aliens are just remnants of our plain-evolved minds that got us this far... Science has answers it just doesn't pretend to have answers to things that are not conclusive... But, it will as we get better. What percent of humanity have we been scientifically minded? Or gone into space? It's no wonder why we suck at using these "new" tools with our technology. As for "pure observation and curve fitting the data" well, yea! With a few steps before and after...

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

@@jsveterans6949 Speaking as a physicist of 20 years, the measurement problem gives me nightmares. The lack of precision. The lack of a datum in the void of quantized space. The lack of unification. I worry now that "Science" is just another word, like God or Aliens, that lets people feel secure. Science is a method, not a f**king religion.

I think Occam would poo poo the panspermia idea. I mean, can we describe a more likely life-genesis environment than early earth? And could a more likely environment outweigh the risks of interstellar propagation described in the video?

@JustinMShaw

5 жыл бұрын

@Gísli Brynjólfsson ~"You're wrong. Go look up why, then come back and thanks me." Wow, I've never seen a comment like that online before.

@JustinMShaw

5 жыл бұрын

@Gísli Brynjólfsson Nor did you back up your claim, and if we're going by assumptions then my current one is that you have trouble detecting sarcasm.

@kyjo72682

5 жыл бұрын

It's similar to estimating result of Drake's equation. We don't know the exact conditions so the probability ranges are huge and results are inconclusive. If abiogenesis is common enough on Earth-like planets - for example if there is some common geochemical mechanism which spawns life such as possibly the hydrothermal vents - and if there is some viable transport mechanism, then I'd say there might be something to it. We shouldn't ignore the 8 billion years prior to the formation of our Solar system.

@puppeli

5 жыл бұрын

@Gísli Brynjólfsson - so you think its much more likely, that life came into existence on Mars and evolved all the necessary processes for interstellar travel (like hibernation and DNA repair systems) in just 300 million years. Rather than, life taking 200 million years to come into existence here on Earth (where there were bigger oceans, thicker atmosphere and a stronger magnetic field protecting the planet). Or are you one of those nutjobs that think life came outside our solar system?

Very well done guys! Having completed a course on the interstellar medium, I have come to understand that PAH’s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are ubiquitous throughout time and space. This presents us with not just the basic atoms derived from stellar nucleosynthesis, but also the molecular building blocks from which biological stuff can be produced. In other words, the entire universe is one gigantic organic soup cloud. The possibility of living organisms popping up everywhere we might look in every galaxy and every star system becomes the new reality. Panspermia really isn’t a requirement for ubiquitous life. It can very conveniently be home grown anywhere. This leaves me feeling rather small and unimportant, but at the same time elated at the prospect of meeting new alien friends, and perhaps extended family members. Live long and prosper!

'Some of that debris wouldn't have contained life.' There, I fixed your mistake. Love love love love love

Oh, that's an interesting idea.

@osmosisjones4912

5 жыл бұрын

why haven't any of the hundred billion earth like planets from advanced technological life . how do we know

@GrantGryczan

5 жыл бұрын

@@osmosisjones4912 How do we know what?

@kyjo72682

5 жыл бұрын

@@osmosisjones4912 We would see huge blackouts in the sky caused by Dyson swarms/spheres. Advanced technological life would capture all available energy to survive as long as possible. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

I am skeptical about panspermia more from a biological perspective. There is every indication that early life on Earth was actually primitive. Why else did it take the majority of evolution on Earth to develop complex life? There might of course be the possibility that primitive life is more suited to surviving space travel but I haven't heard anything that supports this.

@geriibra1645

5 жыл бұрын

You are completly right. This theory has many holes.

@samuelmatheson9655

5 жыл бұрын

Simple "primitive" life is the only thing that can survive the journey

@unvergebeneid

5 жыл бұрын

@@samuelmatheson9655 I still haven't heard anything to support this, despite you repeating the premise ;)

@HardKore5250

5 жыл бұрын

What is wrong with panspermia?

@tensevo

5 жыл бұрын

The problem with the Theory of Evolution is that it is predicated upon survival. If we evolved out of the Earth, then that runs counter to the idea of survival, since why does something that is dead, need to come alive, in order to "survive". It makes little sense in the grand scheme of things.

Cue Ian Malcolm... "Life, finds a way"

The idea of galactic "cousins" sounds intriguing.

When will video about problems of string theory come out?

What if abiogenesis happened off the earth? Then it still happened. Panspermia is a dodge. There is no reason abiogenesis couldn't happen here.

@milkismurder

5 жыл бұрын

Fair, but there might be whacky life creating conditions somewhere else that are easier to explain abiogenesis. Panspermia seems like a cop-out since we’ll probably never really prove or disprove it. I guess it comes down to which scenario is more likely.

@Gooberpatrol66

5 жыл бұрын

It is reasonable to say that abiogenesis didn't happen here if it conflicts with the fossil record.

@JustinMShaw

5 жыл бұрын

@@Gooberpatrol66 abiogenesis doesn't conflict with the fossil record. The fossil record just constricts its time frame, and our understanding of the needed time frame is so lacking that it's barely relevant.

@sulaco2122

5 жыл бұрын

@@JustinMShaw I think a lot of the fossil record has been lost via continental drift and recycling of rock back into the mantel, most likely the first 4 million years is gone and melted back into new rock being formed from the same continental processes…

@JustinMShaw

5 жыл бұрын

@@sulaco2122 much more than the first four million last I checked, though I don't keep close track. But for this question the only relevant part of the record is its oldest sample and how that compares to the early history of the Earth. One minus the other gives abiogenesis a time-frame during which it had to happen if it happened on Earth. But last I checked that time frame was still measured in hundreds of millions of years, just not very many of them.

We need to apply Occam here. The probability of life to be generated on earth or any other planet is roughtly the same but panspermia add to that 3 highly unlikely events, putting it out of the question.

Hi Guys, always enjoy your videos. I wondered if you are planning to or could do a video on Sir Roger Penrose’s CCC model of Conformal Cyclic Cosmology? After reading quite a bit on the subject, and whilst it require a less than intuitive mathematical trick where a hot dense Big Bang is equivalent to a cold exponentially expanded universe, is seems far more satisfying than the Many Worlds or Inflationary models that have received the bulk of the coverage. Your insight on this would be very interesting. Many Thanks 🙏