Columnar Basalt - Geologist explains spectacular stone columns

Formation of Columnar Basalt is quickly described in this 2 Minute Geology episode.
Columnar Basalt is the result of cooling and cracking of an unusually thick basaltic lava flow. Columns are often 50 feet high or more! The Columbia River Basalt Group of Washington and Oregon (USA) is a stack of more than 300 individual lava flows. The flows issued forth from deep fissures that began forming 17 million years ago in southeast Washington and northeast Oregon. Columns are well-developed in some of the flows and non-existant in many others. The Roza Flow is the most famous Columbia River Basalt flow for column formation. Notable columns around the world include Devil's Tower in Wyoming and Giant's Causeway in Ireland.
This episode begins with Nick at the foot of some Columnar Basalt in the Columbia Wildlife Refuge northeast of Othello, WA. The Elephant Mountain basalt flow is featured - a flow that has particularly beautiful columns, although the columns are thinner than Roza columns. This region - the Drumheller Channels - was hit hard by the Ice Age Floods that swept through the area between 17,000 and 15,000 years ago. The floods took many columns away, but these majestic columns remain. Lower Crab Creek is nearby - an old course of the Columbia River.
The episode continues with Nick climbing to the top of the Elephant Mountain flow. The tops of columns have well-defined polygonal shapes: pentagons, hexagons, octagons, etc. Cracks with these shapes in nature usually indicate contraction of surfaces - in this case, a cooling lava flow that took perhaps up to 100 years to completely cool. Columnar Basalt forms in the lower section of basalt flows - know as the Colonnade. Higher in basalt flows, a more densely clustered sets of joints and fractures - the Entablature - suggests a more intricate and complicated cooling history of the lava long ago.
Filmed in September, 2012
Episode written by Nick Zentner and Tom Foster.
Video, Sound, & Editing: Tom Foster

Пікірлер: 1 000

  • @hestheMaster
    @hestheMaster2 жыл бұрын

    Update! Nick lost a hammer the day before this video and was found by a guy named Andrew who used hard drive magnets connected to a strong rope to fish it out of the crack in the Basalt columns. That was back in 2017. Nick got it back from Andrew in December of 2021.

  • @JETZcorp

    @JETZcorp

    Жыл бұрын

    This makes me so happy.

  • @sebastiantowles2106

    @sebastiantowles2106

    Жыл бұрын

    that's really freaking cool hahaha

  • @won-ton-wisdom7634
    @won-ton-wisdom76344 жыл бұрын

    Imagine dropping your phone down that

  • @danzac1857

    @danzac1857

    4 жыл бұрын

    I did.

  • @DESIBOY-fe7nm

    @DESIBOY-fe7nm

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@danzac1857 you will get it back. Just wait 50-60 billion years.

  • @beachbum200009

    @beachbum200009

    4 жыл бұрын

    Nick drops his hammer is. Watch this.. kzread.info/dash/bejne/o36L1smvo9DFndY.html

  • @sayedkulsum9755

    @sayedkulsum9755

    Жыл бұрын

    Then wait till the lava comes out 😜

  • @olamideoki1740

    @olamideoki1740

    Жыл бұрын

    Gone too soon

  • @rambacu
    @rambacu6 жыл бұрын

    I love the way he says "Hello young People..." what a great guy!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    Ha! Not always great in person!

  • @AChippendale

    @AChippendale

    4 жыл бұрын

    yes, not condescending at all!

  • @orguksilverbeard7658

    @orguksilverbeard7658

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@Ellensburg44 I’m 19 not in college and I still enjoy listening to your lectures!

  • @jhawkins0605

    @jhawkins0605

    2 жыл бұрын

    I'm in my 30's, in a different profession, and I still love this. It doesn't seem demeaning to me, rather that he's a very educated person offering great information to others.

  • @milliethompson-krug9710
    @milliethompson-krug97102 жыл бұрын

    I am a past college student of yours, now showing your videos to my middle school science students in southwest Missouri. Thanks for all you do!!

  • @jessgallaher9468
    @jessgallaher94682 жыл бұрын

    These are ancient trees I know it seems impossible but once you look it up it will blow your mind silica based tree life.miles across and miles tall

  • @emsa5034

    @emsa5034

    2 жыл бұрын

    Lol I just came from that conspiracy

  • @GEOWORLD69

    @GEOWORLD69

    2 жыл бұрын

    yep, scientism. They always making up numbers like millions and billions of years and they cant prove it. There is no evidence. its all speculation. i dont know if this things are ancient trees. one thing for sure, its not volcanic.

  • @sbdreamin

    @sbdreamin

    2 ай бұрын

    @@emsa5034 a conspiracy is 2 or more people planning on doing something illegal. So what you really mean is you just came from that theory

  • @cheebahjones420
    @cheebahjones4203 жыл бұрын

    "These things are 50 feet deep" as he eyes his hammer at the bottom 🤣🤣🤣

  • @pingzhou3024
    @pingzhou30242 жыл бұрын

    I searched online for so long looking for an explanation on Giant's Causeway and couldn't find anything concrete. You literally explained it in 10 seconds. Thank you.

  • @mab_visuals

    @mab_visuals

    2 жыл бұрын

    lava doesn't cool like that anywhere in the world right now, this theory is beyond BS.

  • @theTavis01

    @theTavis01

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@mab_visuals it's documented happening in Hawaii

  • @fruitkid4759

    @fruitkid4759

    Жыл бұрын

    ​@@theTavis01how does lava cool into perfect hexagons 😂

  • @theTavis01

    @theTavis01

    Жыл бұрын

    @@fruitkid4759 the top cools first, because it is exposed to air. This causes the top layer to shrink as it hardens. The "hexagons" are a pattern known as a Voronoi tesselation, which is commonly found in nature, and is a natural result of the shrinkage, almost directly analogous to the cracks that form in mud when it dries. As the lava continues to cool top down, the cracks propagate down to form columns. Researchers have recreated the phenomenon with corn starch and water.

  • @legendll1

    @legendll1

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@@theTavis01 Dude his explanation and yours is nothing more then a hypothesis A poor one at that The hexagonal patterns that are formed are found on all living things and it has more to do so with the vibrations and rhythm of the earth Now you know why snow flakes form the same hexagonal patterns But anyway I guarantee your buddy would'nt be able to give a reasonable explanation for how these circular hexagonal basalt columns were formed that were found in Iran 😅

  • @cassidyrose5506
    @cassidyrose5506 Жыл бұрын

    After being awed by these basalt columns after so many visits to Eastern Washington I finally decided to look up how they were formed. Thanks for the video.

  • @prsearls
    @prsearls3 жыл бұрын

    Nick, you make geology so interesting. I've learned a lot watching your videos and have been amazed at the facts you've talked about. There is so much we take for granted and never pay any attention to about how our planet was formed. The colossal forces and millions of years of time is beyond most of our comprehension. Our general lack of curiosity must be maddening to you. Thanks for educating us.

  • @BavoDebraekeleer
    @BavoDebraekeleer7 жыл бұрын

    Love that you made and sang your own intro/outro song!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Amateur hour. Thanks.

  • @GarrisonFall
    @GarrisonFall6 жыл бұрын

    I've wondered about these formation types for years and now I know. Thanks!

  • @kevinspringer2002
    @kevinspringer20023 жыл бұрын

    This guy is awesome! He’s awakened in me an interest in geology. Thanks man!

  • @KE0RGP
    @KE0RGP4 жыл бұрын

    We need someone like you to do lectures and videos in Colorado. Thank you for these

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @righteousred723
    @righteousred7233 жыл бұрын

    No offense, since I love your content and havent taken much issue with it, but those are not simply cracks when viewed from above. Explaining that because the shape exists in nature doesnt explain how they formed. You can see actual cracks in the individual columns that look nothing like the separation. You see no cracks or fractures which go through more than one column--not even one from before the columns had separated? Why did they form vertical columns when lava is laid down horizontally for the most part? How did a massive volume of lava cool so evenly? Why isn't it more common???

  • @ClaybornSol

    @ClaybornSol

    2 жыл бұрын

    It’s an old tree

  • @mitchellongstad3045

    @mitchellongstad3045

    2 жыл бұрын

    I think i know what youre looking for... So the lava came out of the volcano or whatever and laid flat on the ground. As you said. Then like how you see in videogames, the surface of said flat lava started to get those patches of darker lava. Those darker patches are the top of these columnar basalts. The reason these columns seem "tall" is because what you are actually seeing is the thickness of the lava flow. The lava was 20ft deep or so. Then as the years passed, no additional lava must have flowed over the tops of those cooling patches i mentioned before and they "dried" from the top down. Not growing up from the ground like you described. this is my understanding anyways.

  • @SlavaBogu888

    @SlavaBogu888

    Жыл бұрын

    It is well know that hexagonal shapes belong only to nature and live organisms, lava does not have a brain to think and form like that. This was an old tree, same as devlis tower same as Fingals Cave and other examples across the world.

  • @righteousred723

    @righteousred723

    Жыл бұрын

    @@SlavaBogu888 so, Saturn could be sentient...

  • @ChessJunky509

    @ChessJunky509

    Жыл бұрын

    @@ClaybornSol ....You are an id!ot!!

  • @DeebeeNonya
    @DeebeeNonya3 жыл бұрын

    Columnar basalt is very cool. Thanks for a very informative video on what they are!

  • @wefuntw
    @wefuntw2 жыл бұрын

    seems this is the only video that explains columns of basalt in 2 minutes! good work.

  • @kp-legacy-5477

    @kp-legacy-5477

    Жыл бұрын

    its a bit oversimplified

  • @ThomasHaberkorn
    @ThomasHaberkorn10 жыл бұрын

    but why the quasi-hexagonal shapes?

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    10 жыл бұрын

    Wish I could answer, Thomas. Advanced math needed. Fractals.... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractals

  • @spencereng

    @spencereng

    9 жыл бұрын

    For some reason fractals, the golden ratio, and fibonacci numbers always show up in nature. It's pretty interesting to Google.

  • @CubeRepublic

    @CubeRepublic

    9 жыл бұрын

    because of contraction

  • @ThomasHaberkorn

    @ThomasHaberkorn

    9 жыл бұрын

    sure, but I was looking for a mathematical way to show why these shapes occur

  • @CubeRepublic

    @CubeRepublic

    9 жыл бұрын

    ThomasHaberkorn you would probably need to get into the minerals contained in the lava, and their structure to find your answer. They probably arrange themselves in certain repetitive patterns It's many years since I studied geology.

  • @lancefall4811
    @lancefall48115 жыл бұрын

    I'll be waiting patiently for your lesson on Lava Flows that go Uphill !

  • @thinkstrong280

    @thinkstrong280

    4 жыл бұрын

    haha yep! these are trees! this silly fake science will not trick us with open minds

  • @michellerichter6491

    @michellerichter6491

    4 жыл бұрын

    Lance Fall SpotOn ! CrackinUp! Lava ...🤦🏻‍♀️.. I can’t even . Defin trees :) Thank you !

  • @tenshikeki27

    @tenshikeki27

    4 жыл бұрын

    🤭 mudfossiluniversity has a better explanation...

  • @northernminnesotasasquatch2532

    @northernminnesotasasquatch2532

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@tenshikeki27 yep I agree

  • @MachiriReviews

    @MachiriReviews

    4 жыл бұрын

    You dropped your clown license, flat earther.

  • @peterupton2420
    @peterupton24207 жыл бұрын

    Thank you! Enjoyed the show.

  • @travissavacool6425
    @travissavacool64252 ай бұрын

    Really simple visual explanation but comparing the view from a distance to what you see standing on it. Thank you

  • @Ellensburg44
    @Ellensburg4410 жыл бұрын

    Delineater, the bedrock of central Washington is a stack of think lava flows - one on top of another. In this video, the valley is where one lava layer (with the columns) has been removed by the Ice Age Floods. But there are thousands of feet of lava rock beneath the valley...

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @dionysis8680

    @dionysis8680

    2 жыл бұрын

    everything you cant explain is lava that was sapped by ice..

  • @brad144k

    @brad144k

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@frensil9354 No, they are petrified tree stumps. The trees back in time were probably as big as in that Avatar movie. They lie about all of earth's history. Not saying this guy is...he possibly may not understand what he is observing in these photos. The cabal has chopped down God's green earth throughout time and excavating made the rivers and valleys, and canyons. All was flat land at one point in time. They mined and excavated the earth to an extreme. Any videos I could post would be instantly deleted by YT algorithms 🙄

  • @clivestainlesssteelwomble7665

    @clivestainlesssteelwomble7665

    4 ай бұрын

    Look up the Decan traps in India... The Earth has gone through sime huge periods of Vulcanicity in the past ... Basalt is basically most of the oceanic crust and the product of most constructive plate margins.

  • @markvasquez584
    @markvasquez5847 жыл бұрын

    Thank you for sharing this in youtube. I hope people will stop sharing all those video that think its a prehistoric tree.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for watching, Mark.

  • @gregoryderry857

    @gregoryderry857

    4 жыл бұрын

    They are!! Dummy

  • @JohnSmith-wx4ts
    @JohnSmith-wx4ts3 жыл бұрын

    My friend, I subscribed to to your channel 5 seconds into the video. Perfect home school addition.

  • @CloydWaldoisWedgeta
    @CloydWaldoisWedgeta9 жыл бұрын

    Amazing stuff, thanks

  • @GoogleAccount-qe1uy
    @GoogleAccount-qe1uy8 жыл бұрын

    I like your rocks brother

  • @noguruespanol

    @noguruespanol

    3 жыл бұрын

    He is High cos On The Rocks.

  • @scorrice
    @scorrice11 жыл бұрын

    Cool! Always wondered how those formed.

  • @MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi

    @MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi

    3 жыл бұрын

    Dont listen to this guy. Go search JayDreamerZ on youtube, ull have it explained to you. Time for you to wake up.

  • @Dchellberg
    @Dchellberg8 жыл бұрын

    Really cool to see what cooling can do!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    +David Chellberg Agree!

  • @valentia1752
    @valentia17523 жыл бұрын

    Two minutes of joy!

  • @KFrost-fx7dt
    @KFrost-fx7dt3 жыл бұрын

    Wait. How tall are these things? That was one hell of a lava flow!

  • @brad144k

    @brad144k

    2 жыл бұрын

    It is a petrified tree stump. They have been lying about earth's history since the beginning of time.

  • @sandyacombs
    @sandyacombs6 жыл бұрын

    Are there any controlled laboratory experiments to confirm your hypothesis?

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    Yes. Watch a columnar basalt video by physics professor in Toronto.

  • @thinkstrong280

    @thinkstrong280

    4 жыл бұрын

    fake science in this video. its organic tree compounds.

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @BlGGESTBROTHER

    @BlGGESTBROTHER

    4 жыл бұрын

    Here's a link to a video on the experiment Mr. Zentner was referring to: kzread.info/dash/bejne/lWeI0qmthb2rmsY.html

  • @swirvinbirds1971

    @swirvinbirds1971

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@thinkstrong280 Made out of basalt and not carbon. 😒

  • @OutThereLearning
    @OutThereLearning9 ай бұрын

    Great video Nick!

  • @aborne
    @aborne9 ай бұрын

    The guitar music is a nice touch. I enjoyed your video, and learned something! 🙂

  • @DesmondCreighton
    @DesmondCreighton10 жыл бұрын

    Please add blooper video of Nick Zentner dropping the hammer into the basalt columns at 2:00 , saw at a conference was hilarious.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    10 жыл бұрын

    Hey DesmondCreighton. I'm still trying to convince Tom to post it!

  • @astrokmb1

    @astrokmb1

    10 жыл бұрын

    Oh that sounds fantastic! The lighter side of science :-)

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    9 жыл бұрын

    Wore him down! Blooper video is now on You Tube.

  • @1960markN

    @1960markN

    5 жыл бұрын

    kzread.info/dash/bejne/o36L1smvo9DFndY.html

  • @mfm9716
    @mfm97166 жыл бұрын

    To everybody saying these are tree stumps.. have you ever seen trees that big growing that close from each other? Just because you don't understand something does not mean its false. Trees are not hexagonal either.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the comments.

  • @raykdreisatzgehtanders7239

    @raykdreisatzgehtanders7239

    6 жыл бұрын

    mf m The think the whole formation was a giant tree and the hexagons were the cells (which makes no sense at all).

  • @legendll1

    @legendll1

    8 ай бұрын

    Do you believe people come from Africa too Did they just sprout up.out the land one day 😂 Do you believe people evolved from apes So at one point in time we weren't wearing jackets or cooking our food And now we have to wear clothes and cook our food People will buy dumb incomplete idiotic explanation Anything that evolves to the environment acquires attributes that will help them survive in thier habit Humans are the least evolved species

  • @Corkedwolf43771

    @Corkedwolf43771

    3 ай бұрын

    It IS A TREE STUMP get over it lava does NOT FLOW up in hexagonal shape! It just doesn't

  • @stevescyphers4702
    @stevescyphers47027 жыл бұрын

    Nice work on a very interesting topic!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks you, Steve.

  • @JosePerez-ld8qg
    @JosePerez-ld8qg8 ай бұрын

    ....I don't prescribe to hero worship or fanaticism. But I do reluctantly encourage having role models. You sir, are a role model, and more!!! - a scholar and a gentleman! Thank you!

  • @a113437175
    @a1134371757 жыл бұрын

    From a laymen scratching his head. Is there an underground hexagon-shaped mold like substance that caused the hexagonal columns? I would have to assume that this photo is only 'the tip of the iceberg'. What is underneath the structure? What is the composition of multiple stone samples? What is the approx age of the stone samples? Was structure taller and it succumbed to erosion, earthquakes, etc.? There's evidence of fallen stone pieces around the structure does the sediment below the fallen pieces and around the structure match the stone composition and therefore a taller structure?

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the questions. These columns are found around the world where exceptionally thick basalt lavas flowed over the land surface. Often, the columns are just a part of the thick lava flows. The columns for commonly from the base of the flow upwards....and sometimes from the top down. In our video, the columns are the lower portion of the lava flow...and the upper portion was eroded away during the Ice Age Floods from Montana. There has been a century of careful field work by geologists to compiled all of these field observations.

  • @gannonsmith4091

    @gannonsmith4091

    7 жыл бұрын

    If you look at formations of columns in the Columbia George you can see how some are only a few feet thick in some area's and 50+ in others. These layers are sandwiched between an older flow below and a newer flow above you can see the difference that cooling time has on lava by studying these layers. Some water falls have under cut the columns even giving you a view from below.

  • @TheTamjorfam

    @TheTamjorfam

    7 жыл бұрын

    or the plant was broken into pieces and then rapidly buried in a world wide flood . think its common sense

  • @LyubomirIko

    @LyubomirIko

    6 жыл бұрын

    Nope, it is not a ancient tree.They have recreated easily the hexagonal -structure in controlled environment, so it is indeed a cooling process! www.physics.utoronto.ca/~nonlin/PNASpress/PNASpress.html

  • @DRTMaverick

    @DRTMaverick

    4 жыл бұрын

    @@TheTamjorfam what the fuck kinda shit are you smoking

  • @RobertSmith-ui9gx
    @RobertSmith-ui9gx5 жыл бұрын

    Quick and to the point. My area of expertise in biology and chemistry. I had to take a geology class to get my degrees.This was a well made video.

  • @harrygary1052
    @harrygary10527 жыл бұрын

    Ok if some not as young learn too lol? Much of the information concerning ice age flooding wasn't readily available even a bit over a decade ago when I was in high school. Nor is most of the information discussed in these videos outside of a geology course. My wife and I yesterday completed a back and forth trek across the entire us (wa-nh) and we were both struck by the fact that no geology proved as amazing too us as the dramatic layering, upheavals, and hydrodynamic discharge so readily apparent as you travel along the gorge. Very excited to come across your videos explaining many of the very features we had been photographing and discussing earlier in the day. Some of the most awe inspiring events in geology right here where we grew up.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks much. Agree.

  • @JuanTheBone
    @JuanTheBone4 жыл бұрын

    what a wholesome channel

  • @MisterGazda
    @MisterGazda7 жыл бұрын

    Great video that I use when teaching my earth science students about columnar basalt. Fantastic visuals of the columns themselves. Thanks!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Nice to hear. Thanks.

  • @eugenegoodman2510

    @eugenegoodman2510

    6 жыл бұрын

    There is no any explanation in video about it appearence, if you think it has. Desert shrinks consists of dust, not magmas basalt(!), and dust never formed like a line when water out it - devil tower as an example of line-form a huge size! So, try to explaine again.

  • @scottyboy2400

    @scottyboy2400

    6 жыл бұрын

    So if you are a science teacher why do you teach pseudoscience" (You probably teach science fiction too.) I mean seriously! Surely you of all people know the difference correct? If so, then explain why you think this "theory"of how these were formed falls into the category of science? In case you still don't get it, please tell me how this can be proven? W A K E U P !

  • @JoeDeglman

    @JoeDeglman

    6 жыл бұрын

    These hexagonal columns are usually found near where cliffs and sediment meet water next to it. kzread.info/dash/bejne/jHyOq9hmoc6YmrA.html So this was probably caused by electrical activity with molten material from above stuck to a mound or something that stuck above the flood waters. It was cooling quickly by the water as the flood waters at the time rose, building this as the flood waters rose.

  • @rodneylee7725

    @rodneylee7725

    6 жыл бұрын

    PROVE IT is volcanic don"t be a sheeple,teach them interesting things like truth ,in a world of endless dis info.

  • @elgroxo
    @elgroxo8 жыл бұрын

    Expect a lot of views since the videogame Uncharted 4 have a lot of basalt columns

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    +elgroxo Cool. Thanks for the tip.

  • @johnharmon1403
    @johnharmon14037 жыл бұрын

    I watch and rewatch your videos time after time, and ALWAYS, i come away knowing that I have bettered myself, keep doing what you do, you truly are remarkable.

  • @mwhitby502
    @mwhitby502Ай бұрын

    Fair does mate, that was kinda weird but kinda heartwarming at the same time, wel done.

  • @nathannicolodemos1478
    @nathannicolodemos14785 жыл бұрын

    Wow this comment section is a cesspool. I'm a geology student and just wanted to know how these form lol.

  • @bradbryant3482

    @bradbryant3482

    5 жыл бұрын

    It's not unusual (unfortunately) that weirdos and strange people monitor and comment on these interesting subjects.

  • @askefantenthefool8050

    @askefantenthefool8050

    4 жыл бұрын

    Head to mudfossil university

  • @sukanyachaube4770

    @sukanyachaube4770

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm also a Geology student

  • @MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi

    @MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi

    3 жыл бұрын

    Ancient giant silica trees. Do some research. Quit you school, you will learn only bullshit there

  • @nathannicolodemos1478

    @nathannicolodemos1478

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi What is a "silica tree".

  • @yngvamonsees4268
    @yngvamonsees426810 жыл бұрын

    i was hoping he'd describe thow the collumnar basalt forms:p

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    10 жыл бұрын

    Cooling cracks from the bottom of the lava flow upwards!

  • @PerryCS2

    @PerryCS2

    8 жыл бұрын

    He did... through cooling down, it contracts, just like the drying mud forms similar shapes...

  • @cbrue1896
    @cbrue189610 жыл бұрын

    I will have to check this out sometime. I see a an earthcache being put there sometime! Thanks for the info Professor Zentner!

  • @David-ex7xy
    @David-ex7xy4 жыл бұрын

    Congratulation for keeping your hamper!

  • @cliffhappy
    @cliffhappy9 жыл бұрын

    Why are they column? Why they are contracting in 2-dimension without variation in vertical direction?

  • @PerryCS2

    @PerryCS2

    8 жыл бұрын

    If they shrunk in all directions they would still form what you see today, they may shrink in height a tad but would still form the shape you see today.

  • @dannyfisher7254

    @dannyfisher7254

    5 жыл бұрын

    I think to do with cooling from the top down and therefore horizontal strain (tension).

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @abbyfthenewnormal3186
    @abbyfthenewnormal31866 жыл бұрын

    It amazes me that so many people are so incredibly foolish. This explains why the flat earth theory has blown up. Some people will believe anything! Show me one single cut down tree that doesn't have rings, but hexagonal columns!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    I'm great with creative thinking and against-the-grain thoughts...but the unwillingness to look at facts in the field is the deal-breaker for me.

  • @anauzura8964

    @anauzura8964

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ok, here. And sorry for the delay. You're welcome www.macmillanhighered.com/BrainHoney/Resource/6716/digital_first_content/trunk/test/hillis2e/asset/img_ch24/c24_fig15.jpg

  • @electricityofmind6300

    @electricityofmind6300

    4 жыл бұрын

    google columnar cornstarch

  • @buckshoticus1065

    @buckshoticus1065

    4 жыл бұрын

    Ana Uzura This stump HAS rings and literally no hexagonal columns.

  • @bbob5050
    @bbob50508 жыл бұрын

    I love these videos keep it up

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Billy Bob Thanks. More videos coming soon.

  • @camille5000
    @camille5000 Жыл бұрын

    thank you very much! very helpful :)

  • @deepquake9
    @deepquake93 жыл бұрын

    So this was take two after that famous hammer disappeared 😂😂😂😘

  • @Lady8D
    @Lady8D6 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for sharing these! I wish our schools did a better job teaching the scientific method, seems a lot of commentors don't quite understand how it works. Unfortunate really.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    Agree. Thanks.

  • @Lady8D

    @Lady8D

    6 жыл бұрын

    Nick Zentner I'm glad you replied, I'd forgotten to subscribe and your comment helped me realize so! 2nd time that's happened today, oí

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @shidogrey
    @shidogrey7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the video this helped explain some rocks I always wondered about on mt peak in enumclaw wa.

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @tristanchildress2844
    @tristanchildress28443 ай бұрын

    Guitars and bowties. Love it Nick lol

  • @williambryant1584
    @williambryant15847 жыл бұрын

    wow there are so many hate comments. why all the ignorance people?

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Started about a year ago.

  • @stewartmckenna3634
    @stewartmckenna36344 жыл бұрын

    There are a great pile of silly comments below, mostly not worth reading, but if you want a good primer from around 1920 then google "Factors Producing Columnar Structures in Lavas Albert V.G.James The Journal of Geology Vol 28 No.5 (Jul-Aug 1920) pp.458-469./ This more or less nails the process!

  • @MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi

    @MatthewB-Kornafel-xv6oi

    3 жыл бұрын

    Shh

  • @legendll1

    @legendll1

    8 ай бұрын

    Lmao Does he explain how circular basalt columns are formed 😅 So take a look at the circular basalt column that was found in Iran in the picture I will post below Then give me an explanation so I can laugh😂

  • @stewartmckenna3634

    @stewartmckenna3634

    8 ай бұрын

    ​@@legendll1 single column or very many alongside?no picture seen

  • @andrewbeaton3302
    @andrewbeaton33023 жыл бұрын

    Great video! Great voice!

  • @latvianminecrafter8040
    @latvianminecrafter80403 жыл бұрын

    Greetings from Latvia!

  • @WishinIwasFishin1
    @WishinIwasFishin16 жыл бұрын

    Hi Nick, love your videos and lectures. As a rock hound and somebody who loves the inner workings of our planet , I simply can't get enough of these. Reading through these comments on the other hand, makes me want to drink bleach. The guy who thinks the basalt columns are ancient trees is my personal favorite. Have you gotten any of the Alex Jones faithful asking about the hollow Earth theory yet? If you see any lizard people emerging while on one of your outings, please let us know. Don't sell us out to the men in black!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    Ha! No hollow earth stuff yet. These comment sections are interesting.

  • @harrygary1052
    @harrygary10527 жыл бұрын

    Also, holy crap are a lot of these comments complete nonsense. Childish drivel trying to use and incorrectly interpret geology to disapprove geology while ignoring verifiable evidence in favor of nonsense, and stretches of the imagination to try and prove gibberish. Boring.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Agree.

  • @raykdreisatzgehtanders7239

    @raykdreisatzgehtanders7239

    6 жыл бұрын

    Lucas Smith But... But muh holy book! You need to open your mind to WOO!

  • @samueltanh
    @samueltanh9 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for explaining. California has one too, Devil's post piles.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    9 жыл бұрын

    So true!

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @slayemin
    @slayemin7 жыл бұрын

    Fascinating! I have a couple questions: 1) Why are the basalt columns the size they are (in terms of diameter)? Why aren't they smaller or larger? Is there something going on with the properties / composition of the material and the relationship with its diameter? Or does it have to do with cooling rates? 2) This reminds me a lot of a Voronoi diagram. Have you guys ever tried to find the midpoints of each basalt column and gotten an average distance between midpoints? If so, are the midpoints consistent across the world with all basalt columns?

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Good questions. Physic professor Stephen Morris from Toronto has an excellent lecture on column experiments with corn starch, etc.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    It's on KZread. Thanks for watching.

  • @HyperCircle
    @HyperCircle7 жыл бұрын

    I can't believe the comments on this page. LOL. Yes columnar basalt formed from cooling lava flows. This is a fairly well known fact. There are literally hundreds of thousands of places where this can be seen. You can even use geologic mapping to see where the flows came from and roughly estimate when the flow happened. The columns form more uniformly near the bottom as it cools slowly. Fractures form as it contracts and the cracks grow upwards along the same edge. Usually near the top crudely shaped polygonal columns grow. In the middle you get a haywire of shapes. Some areas cooled slowly so you only see the columns. The columns can vary between 4 to 7 sided, but I usually see 5 and 6 sided. It cools in columns because that's how that material cracks when it cools slowly. I just don't understand why people have gotten this attitude that their guess is more educated than somebody that has actually studied using the scientific method. Yes be skeptical, science is about being skeptical. But don't come in with absurdly false facts that are borderline childish and expect us to take you seriously.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the comments. I'm doing my best to reply to all comments. Perhaps a few people will be willing to see the application of logic and careful observation.

  • @ajbuehre1018

    @ajbuehre1018

    3 жыл бұрын

    DAMN you obviously watch cnn and comply with LIES that have been perpetuated since your early school days. WAKE UP..THINK FOR YOURSELF FOR ONCE. EVERYTHING YOU WERE TAUGHT IS A LIE. APES to humans..no way..darwin was a FOOL..other living species no possible in our entire solar system...more ignorante and false teachings. im done WAKE THE HELL UP...

  • @IAmAboriginal-ov1vw

    @IAmAboriginal-ov1vw

    3 жыл бұрын

    U sound foolish as a the people u are condemning if u believe these hexagonal collumns are the end result of lava cooling...🤣🤣🤣

  • @MrTropheusguy
    @MrTropheusguy6 жыл бұрын

    lava cooling in vertical columns is almost impossible to believe, you need a vivid imagination

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @theTavis01

    @theTavis01

    2 жыл бұрын

    the lava flows and lays horizontally, then the top cools first and forms surface cracks. As the lava cools it shrinks, pulling in from the cracks, and the cracks propagate downwards with the cooling.

  • @theTavis01

    @theTavis01

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@frensil9354 no

  • @Ellensburg44
    @Ellensburg4410 жыл бұрын

    We appreciate your support on Twitter, Sarah!

  • @pollyb.4648
    @pollyb.46482 жыл бұрын

    I thought it sounded like Nick singing but I thought, no! But yes, I think so, by the last pic! What a talented guy!!

  • @fabbansuri4811
    @fabbansuri48114 жыл бұрын

    drying mud never goes hexagonal though...

  • @richardlilley6274

    @richardlilley6274

    3 жыл бұрын

    Exactly... Seems logic isn't needed for theories. Just compliance with academia Don't say what you see Just repeat what your told.. And we wonder why sociaty is on its arse.. Hummmm!

  • @truthwillsetyoufree8030
    @truthwillsetyoufree80307 жыл бұрын

    I think the hexagonal shape makes perfect sense for a pool of cooling lava. As the lava cools it contracts, thus the creation of the cracks. The hexagonal shape is the most logical result if you consider that the cracks will attempt to be as uniformly equal on all sides of the column. Certainly makes more sense than circles or triangles. The bed of lava would have cooled from the outside in, creating the initial cracks, and the outlying columns would have been less uniform and geometric, also more suspectible to weather and likely fell away as the many years passed. All that remains are the nicely formed hexagonal shaped columns that you see here. As to what makes them so long, that is merely dependant upon how deep the lava was. They arent trees. Yes, science in observation is partially educated guesses, but that is not justification to throw it out the window and come up with your own wildy outlandish theories that have absolutely no foundation in reality, and then use those theories as stepping stones to an even more ridiculous belief, such as ancient aliens or flat earth.

  • @TheTamjorfam

    @TheTamjorfam

    7 жыл бұрын

    you are fucking brilliant, just kidding ! lol

  • @CubeRepublic

    @CubeRepublic

    6 жыл бұрын

    The shape is similar to voronoi patterns.

  • @rudilapa6569
    @rudilapa65698 жыл бұрын

    Nik - the basalt columns indicate a 'long' undisturbed cooling period. What are the guesstimated durations of each active flow? And then, how long does it take for the columns to start forming? Thank you!

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Rudi Lapa We may never know the answers to your questions, Rudi. These lava flows are so large compared to Hawaii. The best guesses out there: a week for the flow to cross the state, and columns forming over years as the lava cools.

  • @dongillihan3329
    @dongillihan33293 жыл бұрын

    Amazing

  • @alexpbeats5678
    @alexpbeats56788 жыл бұрын

    I don't think this is made from lava

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    Alex, careful study in the field of these columns reveal gas bubbles, tiny crystals, chemical signatures, etc all that match the Hawaii lavas erupting today. These columns are for sure made of lava rock. Thanks for watching.

  • @ToddWoodworthg3

    @ToddWoodworthg3

    6 жыл бұрын

    No way nick no match . I go with the tree theory.

  • @bounic56

    @bounic56

    6 жыл бұрын

    this is stupid.

  • @sandplanet471

    @sandplanet471

    6 жыл бұрын

    Todd Woodworth 🤣🖕

  • @bert3434

    @bert3434

    6 жыл бұрын

    can't we just recreate this in a lab on a micro scale to settle this ?

  • @danzac1857
    @danzac18574 жыл бұрын

    You guys are crazy if you think those are fossilized trees. Anybody that had any brains would know that those basaltic columns are really part of a fossilized giant beehive! ;)

  • @cowboygeologist7772
    @cowboygeologist77729 жыл бұрын

    I had been to Devil's Post Pile in California to see these. I found these in Nevada too near Lovelock when I was looking fot minerals.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    9 жыл бұрын

    Didn't know about columns near Lovelock. Thanks.

  • @billmiller4972
    @billmiller49724 жыл бұрын

    Very often one is told that those columnar basalts are the result of quick cooling. The video says it's due to slow cooling (at least I'd see 100 years as slow). So what is correct?

  • @MediocreMonday
    @MediocreMonday8 жыл бұрын

    Giant petrified tree?

  • @TheHardTruth315

    @TheHardTruth315

    8 жыл бұрын

    No. that retarded Russian is on crack. yes, i saw that video too. LOL!

  • @MediocreMonday

    @MediocreMonday

    8 жыл бұрын

    vascone315 Great video it was, in my opinion. There are some that can see though the lies.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    Careful study of these basalt columns in the field is needed by the Russian gentleman.

  • @brettsee5508

    @brettsee5508

    8 жыл бұрын

    Yep most likely. The ''scienticians'' lie about everything. The age and shape of the earth, evolution, cosmology you name it. It's a baloney factory working 24/7 and staffed by well-paid loyal workers. (Freemasons etc)

  • @TheHardTruth315

    @TheHardTruth315

    8 жыл бұрын

    Where are remains of the 25,000 foot high trees? The Skeletons of the 5 mile high beings that cut them down? The machinery? There are none. Because, its Bullshit. lmfao

  • @Emanator
    @Emanator4 жыл бұрын

    When an NPC is talking and there's an awkward pause every sentence: 0:10 - 0:15

  • @gpaez24
    @gpaez245 жыл бұрын

    Just found your channel, and I am learning so much along with my kids! Great video, thank you!

  • @godzofegypt1732

    @godzofegypt1732

    4 жыл бұрын

    It's Biological nothing to do with Geology. kzread.info/dash/bejne/oJONtc56oLPPnKQ.html

  • @rickdelagarza4ever
    @rickdelagarza4ever2 жыл бұрын

    It's a thermal geometric crystallization formation that's found in natural geological foundation, hence the "found" part. Diamonds, crystals, quarts, rubies, emeralds, sapphire, amethyst, garnet, peridots, aquamarine, citrine, tanzanite, agates, jade, zircon, spinel, alexandrite, granite, marble, and other column formations all display this natural characteristics. Geometric thermal crystallization bonding is nature's model pattern formation.

  • @kresokresic2072
    @kresokresic20727 жыл бұрын

    you go finde lava that do that film it and il agree with you

  • @Steven-zk3wh
    @Steven-zk3wh3 жыл бұрын

    It wasn't created by lava... The "columns" are cells... it used to be a giant tree. Look it up 😊 there's so much truth we don't know yet.

  • @dolorlux4612

    @dolorlux4612

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're silly!

  • @mattrichey9501

    @mattrichey9501

    2 жыл бұрын

    You're Correct sir.... In the Jurassic period trees were MONSTROUS!! just like the creatures living... Pterodactyl live in the trees, probably thousands Global population. Do you see any trees, flocks of Pterodactyl could roost in? Life lived by a different scale. Question is.. WHO CUT THEM DOWN !!!

  • @mtlnu

    @mtlnu

    2 жыл бұрын

    BINGO!!!!

  • @dolorlux4612

    @dolorlux4612

    2 жыл бұрын

    If there was a spec of evidence of this, geologists, evolutionary biologists, and scientists alike would be all over it. You're just a conspiracy theorist with a lack of understanding in scientific fundamentals.

  • @dolorlux4612

    @dolorlux4612

    2 жыл бұрын

    Let me be clear, the difference between an educated theory and a conspiracy is one is refined through scrutiny and the other doesn't like to be scrutinized at all for fear of collapse. Learn the difference.

  • @scotimages
    @scotimages8 жыл бұрын

    Nick, one thing that really interested me about your video is that the scale of the pattern is much largr than at Giant,s Causeway. Any thoughts about this?

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Steve Campbell I've been reading about this, Steve. In general, the thicker the lava flow, the wider the columns. There's a great lecture online by Stephen Morris from Toronto on Columnar Jointing patterns in basalt. It includes the history of Giant's Causeway. Thanks for your question.

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @captainrogerdodger144
    @captainrogerdodger1442 жыл бұрын

    Imagine your phone accidentally dropped through those cracks😂

  • @Loveyou-bb9bg
    @Loveyou-bb9bg4 жыл бұрын

    The mountains were alive! :-)

  • @mtlnu

    @mtlnu

    2 жыл бұрын

    YES! YES! YES!!! The ones that snapped during the great flood are now our "mountains!"

  • @1keinic1
    @1keinic14 жыл бұрын

    Looks like some people just don’t get the concept of basalt flowing upward through cracks in the earth and then piling up over the landscape. Oh well. Maybe a well done CGI video of the process might help them understand. But then again some will be intrinsically opposed to the idea, most commonly based on the stifling closed minded beliefs that their religion imposes on them. They will only find or support “scientific” evidence that supports what they have already been lead to believe. Curiously enough, it is easier for some to believe certain concepts through a demand in the belief of a written word of a higher power. VERY unscientific. A true scientist does not form hypotheses and theories based on preconceived notions of absolute dictation with no variance allowed by the word of a non corporeal mythical supreme being that has never been proven to exist. A true scientist constantly questions their own methods, and asks for the input of totally independent sources in pursuit of absolute truth.

  • @pb-bx8sv
    @pb-bx8sv3 жыл бұрын

    Very nice

  • @kylepease5436
    @kylepease543610 жыл бұрын

    Did you make it out that way? I've been to the Goose Lakes, but the columns are not nearly as solid as the ones here. There are a couple pictures on google earth near black lake showing solid columns as well. Thanks! -Kyle

  • @verpen8108
    @verpen81084 жыл бұрын

    Minecraft Nether update?

  • @garyedmore8355
    @garyedmore83558 жыл бұрын

    you use the word 'probably' often...where does that fit in with fact...we want facts not probabilities.

  • @nuike49

    @nuike49

    8 жыл бұрын

    Would you rather he lied and said this was 100% known fact? This is called intellectual honesty.

  • @garyedmore8355

    @garyedmore8355

    8 жыл бұрын

    Just facts

  • @nuike49

    @nuike49

    8 жыл бұрын

    So if someone says black is white, you will believe it as long as the word "probably" is not used?

  • @garyedmore8355

    @garyedmore8355

    8 жыл бұрын

    Believing is the enemy of truth...you are making assumptions of how i tick.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    8 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the comments, Gary. Uncertainty remains regarding the formation of these beautiful columns...mainly since there is not a modern parallel anywhere on Earth today. We shared the dimensions of these columns (facts) and then attempted to summarize the current attempts to explain them (interpretation). I agree...the interpretations might change in the future as new data is collected....along with new experimentation. Thanks for watching.

  • @ByYourOwnLogic101
    @ByYourOwnLogic101 Жыл бұрын

    I like you put the effort in at 1:21 to get that angle

  • @Ellensburg44
    @Ellensburg4410 жыл бұрын

    No GPS for you, Chris, but those columns are on public land near Black Lake - west of Othello. Columbia Wildlife Refuge. Really cool spot shown to me by Tom Foster (creator of 2 Minute Geology)!

  • @rauchwolke9922
    @rauchwolke99224 жыл бұрын

    This is from titan tree,Mudfossil stone !

  • @BlGGESTBROTHER

    @BlGGESTBROTHER

    4 жыл бұрын

    Wait, you seriously think these are the petrified remains of animals and giant godmen?

  • @frankescobedo5593
    @frankescobedo55935 жыл бұрын

    They did not form, that was something organic that turned to stone

  • @joeleoleo

    @joeleoleo

    3 жыл бұрын

    Igneous trees? Clearly you’re an idiot who’s never been to Eastern Washington and has no understanding of igneous rock yet feels entitled to have an opinion.

  • @cbrue1896
    @cbrue189611 жыл бұрын

    Where is this formation at? Near Othello is a pretty large area. I would like to visit this location sometime. Do you have some GPS coordinates for this location? The Frenchman Coulee Roza Flow Colonnade is another awesome area for basalt formations.

  • @francoiseperlaux2458
    @francoiseperlaux24584 жыл бұрын

    Très joli paysage, comme la chaussée des géants en Irlande...

  • @mjb1831
    @mjb18316 жыл бұрын

    Lava flow does not form octagonal shapes! Disinformation video

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    It's a lava flow, not a pre flood ancient mineral pathways for translocation.

  • @stewartmckenna3634

    @stewartmckenna3634

    4 жыл бұрын

    No But a large volume of liquid basalt magma cooling at the top first ( think cool night sky above and hot lava flow below) starts to crack or craze at the surface. Just like drying mud shrinks as it loses water. The cooling solidified basalt contracts and then fractures at the surface. The fractures then propagate downwards into the bed of rock mass as the magma slowly cools ( think tens or hundreds of years). Often the columns fragment laterally as well as they shrink vertically.

  • @frensil9354

    @frensil9354

    4 жыл бұрын

    These are tendons, of giant petrified creatures! youtube: MFU(mudfossil university channel)

  • @godzofegypt1732

    @godzofegypt1732

    4 жыл бұрын

    Biology looks amazing. kzread.info/dash/bejne/oJONtc56oLPPnKQ.html

  • @j2stoud129
    @j2stoud1297 жыл бұрын

    it's not lava. it was a living life form that was cut down before the flood of Noah..

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    But Jerome, if you visited these columns and inspected them closely on the inside, you would see rock and minerals identical to the lavas erupting in Hawaii today.

  • @j2stoud129

    @j2stoud129

    7 жыл бұрын

    Nick Zentner show me the data side by side of your results from the Devils tower to the Hawaii's Lava ridges and rock. All these places around the world that have these types of hexagonal shapes are and we're living structures.They are different. Unless lava rock transforms into a different kind of rock. There is no way Lava reacts to settling like you say it does..and now you have been to Mars and can tell us that it's true and it's over on a planet you have never been too and on top of that, it not a planet . Mars is a wandering star of the Firmament built by the most high in Heaven..people reading this. Trust your eyes and question and demand truth in "real" data and not someone that is going to lead you wrong with probability and so called theoreadical science.

  • @dangerboy808

    @dangerboy808

    7 жыл бұрын

    Jerome Stoudt your right im from hawaii and in no way does lava settle like these columns

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    7 жыл бұрын

    No one is saying there are columns in Hawaii. Those lava flows are very thin compared to the very thick lavas of eastern Washington.

  • @j2stoud129

    @j2stoud129

    7 жыл бұрын

    Hell is truth realized to late!! thanks for verifying!

  • @marialeabalmediano9451
    @marialeabalmediano94512 жыл бұрын

    if i was a student, you would be my most favorite professor

  • @tolson57
    @tolson576 жыл бұрын

    Nick, Not that size matters, but, what causes the size difference in basalt columns? I see in your video that those columns are about 2 to 3 feet in diameter where as the columns at Devils Post Pile are about a foot and Devils Tower are 12 feet and larger. I have seen some in the Columbia river gorge that looked to be 6 inch's. Is it the cooling rate? The deeper the bed, the slower the cooling, the larger the columns? Realize Devils Tower is not a bed but a throat so it was buried and cooled even slower.

  • @Ellensburg44

    @Ellensburg44

    6 жыл бұрын

    Ongoing research by many. Still unclear. Probably cooling rate vs thickness...but not constant from place to place. Good question. Thanks.