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COASTAL LAND FORMS
A coast refers to the land bordering the sea. A coastline is a boundary between the land and the sea. Various coastal processes such as wave action and sea-level changes have been responsible for various coastal landforms in East Africa.
WAVE ACTION: Waves are ripples/oscillations which appear on water bodies when disturbed. Waves either move
towards the coast or away from the coast.
Swash: this is the forward movement of waves towards the coast and it leads to deposition of sand and shingle (mixture of smallish flat stones and sand).
Back wash: this is the back movement of waves away from the coast into the lake or ocean and it leads to erosion of the coastline.
There are two causes of waves;
a) Wind blowing over a water body.
b) Catastrophic events like Vulcanicity and earthquakes.
N.B: Waves on water are responsible for the formation of several features at the coast which are grouped into wave erosion and wave de positional features.
WAVE EROSION
Waves are able to erode rocks through various processes and these include;
Hydraulic action: water enters a rock and the air in the cracks of the rocks may be compressed by the breaking
waves causing the rocks to fracture hence leading to wave erosion.
Attrition: this is where sea waves hurl/throw pebbles and rock boulders against the rock face of a cliff thereby
eroding it.
Solution: some rocks near the coast are soluble e.g. limestone, and where the coastal line is made up of such a
rock, it would be eroded by chemical reaction of water.
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