#IJAMBORYAHINDURAUBUZIMA
Chinua Achebe yari umwanditsi w’ umuhanga mu nkuru ndende n’imivugo, ni umugabo wamenyekanye cyane na nubu akaba akiri mu mitwe y’abantu, yavutse tariki ya 16, ugushingo, 1930. avukira mu gace kitwa Igbo mu mujyi wa Ogidi, aho hari mu gace k’Amajyepfo ashyira Uburasirazuba bwa Nigeria gusa yatabarutse tariki ya 21 Gicurasi 2013.
Uyu mugabo akimara kuvuka, Isaiah Okafo Achebe (se) na Aenechi Iloegbunama aribo babyeyi be, bamwise Chinua Lumungu bisobanuye (Imana irandwanirira), bakurikizaho Achebe, yarezwe n’ababyeyi be mu gace ka Igbo.
Mu w’ 1936, Chinua Achebe yatangiye amashuri muri st Philips’ central school.
Yatangiye ari umuhanga cyane. Umwarimu umwe wabigishaga, yakundaga kumutaramaho mu ishuri ko ari we wenyine ufite umukono mwiza mu ishuri ryose. Kandi ko afite urwego rw’imisomere ruhambaye.
Ku myaka 12, Achebe yataye umuryango we ajya kuba kwa mukuru we John muri Nekede.
Hari muri km 4 uvuye muri Owerri. Muri iki cyaro niho mukuru we yigishaga.
Kuva mu bwana bwe, uyu mugabo yari umunyamatsiko cyane kandi akagira umurava.
Yakundaga gusoma ibitabo bitandukanye. Twavuga nka: Book T. Washington’s up from Slavery (1901).
Cyavugaga k’umunyamerika w’umucakara.
Nkuko itaranto ye yayigaragaje cyane mu bijyanye no kwandika inkuru ndende n’imivugo, n’ubundi akiri n’umwana yakundaga gusoma inkuru ndende zigiye zitandukanye.
Gusoma ibitabo byaramufashije kugeza ubwo yabonye amanota amwemerera kujya kwiga muri kaminuza y’Ibadan, ajya kwiga ibijyanye n’ubuganga, gusa yagezeyo arabihindura ahubwo yiga ishami rijyanye n’ubuvanganzo bw’icyongereza.
Ishami yize muri kaminuza, ryizwemo ibindi birangirire mu kwandika inkuru ndende nka: Wole Soyinka, nawe ni umwanditsi w’Umunyafurika wamenyekanye cyane mu kwandika imivugo n’amakinamico, John Pepper Clark, n’umunyamivugo Christopher Okigbo, hakaza n’uwitwa Elechi Amadi wamenyekanye cyane ku nkuru ndende yandite yitwa “The concubine”, “Inshoreke”. We yigaga ishami ry’ibijyanye n’ amasiyansi mu w’ 1950.
Chinua Achebe yanditse inkuru ndende zigiye zitandukanye. Muri izo nkuru twavuga nka: “Ibintu byadogereye, Things Fall Apart (1958)”, “Ntibyoroshye, No Longer at Ease (1960)”, “Umwambi w’Imana, Arrow of God (1964)”, (Umuntu w’abantu, A Man of the People (1966)”. Inkuru ze, yazandikaga mu rurimi rw’icyongereza.
Mu 1967, ubwo agace ka Biafra kashakaga kwitandukanya na Nigeria, Achebe yabaye uwambere wafashije ako gace mu guharanira ubwigenge bwako.
Nyuma yaho yaje no kuba umuvugizi wako gace nk’igihugu gishya.
Ntibyatinze, mu w’ 1970, leta ya Nigeria yongeye kwigarurira ako gace.
Achebe yagiye mu mashyaka atandukanye, gusa ntibyatinze, yaje kuyavamo bitewe n’ikimwaro yaterwaga na ruswa yabonaga mu bayobozi kandi akabona ntacyo yabikoraho.
Yabaye muri leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika imyaka myinshi.
Yaje gukora impanuka yanamusigiye ubumuga bwa pararize.
Ubu bumuga bwatumye ajya agendera mu igare ry’ababana n’ubumuga.
Inkuru ze yandikaga, zibandaga cyane k’umuco gakondo wa Igbo, ingaruka z’ubukirisito n’iteshwagaciro ry’indangagaciro zo mu gice cy’Uburengerazuba bwa Afurika nyuma y’ubukoroni.
Mu 1933, Chinua Achebe yakoreye (NBS).
Byamufashije kwinjira mu itara nto ye neza kuko yakoraga mu gisata cy’ibijyanye no kwandika no kuvuga.
Byanatumye mu mwaka w’ 1956, ikinyamakuru cya BBC kimuhamagara ngo aze agikorere.
Ubwo inkuru ndende ye ya mbere yise “Byadogereye” yarimo ibica hirya no hino ku isi, nibwo nawe yurizwaga mu ntera akorera NBS.
Yahise yimukira muri Enugu ku bw’akazi. Ahageze, yahuye n’umugore w’itwaga Christia Chimwe Okili. Barakoranye kugeza ubwo ku itarii ya 10, ugushyingo, 1961 baje gushyingiranwa
Umuryango wabo wibarutse abana batatu. Imfura yari umukobwa witwaga, Chinelo. Agakurikirwa n’umuhungu witwaga, Ikechukwu. Hagaheruka undi muhungu w’itwaga Chidi.
Uyu mugabo yabaye ikirangirire ku isi hose bitewe nibyo yakoze harimo nko kwandika inkuru ndende zigiye zitandukanye n’imivugo.
Kandi yabaye n’umwe mu banditsi bagiye bakomera ku muco wa kinyafurika mu bitabo banditse.