Can You Cast an Iron Sword?

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We always see a dramatic forging of a sword with an open faced mold in popular media such as Lord of the Rings, Game of Thrones, and more. In today's episode, we're seeing if we can make castable iron, cast an actual sword, and see how it turns out. Check it out!
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Пікірлер: 748

  • @htme
    @htme2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks again to Bespoke Post for sponsoring today's episode! Get 20% off your first monthly Bespoke Post box when you sign up at www.bespokepost.com/htme20 and use promo code HTME20 at checkout!

  • @450bigpat666

    @450bigpat666

    2 жыл бұрын

    You need 2 openings and vent holes in a sand mold otherwise air is trapped.

  • @thekak2627

    @thekak2627

    2 жыл бұрын

    After the steam engine you should move to a paddle steamer, combustion engine and stuff like that

  • @greggv8

    @greggv8

    2 жыл бұрын

    Melt a cast iron engine crankshaft. That iron takes massive twisting, compression, and tension forces without breaking.

  • @LecherousCthulhu

    @LecherousCthulhu

    2 жыл бұрын

    If you have to make cast iron anything then a cast iron hammer head sounds pretty good. How you create a handle for that, Idk, but it's probably the best option

  • @michelguevara151

    @michelguevara151

    2 жыл бұрын

    for a cast sword, it would be better to use a gladius style

  • @wickideazy
    @wickideazy2 жыл бұрын

    I've been studying melting & casting in preparation for starting up as a hobby, and I'll echo what others have said: you need an exit vent for your molds. The molten metal is hitting the trapped air and compressing it, which is stopping it from filling the mold. You're also getting a lot of steam explosions and spatter because there's too much moisture present; as BigStackD (another KZreadr you should check out if you want to look into casting) always warns his viewers, ALWAYS preheat your stirrers, skimmers, and molds to avoid this problem.

  • @MajKetchup347

    @MajKetchup347

    2 жыл бұрын

    I've been following bigstackd for a while as well, also interested in starting up a metal melting hoby. One question I still have that bugs me is how to do steel melting at home. Bigstackd always gis his steel to his bud but I'd rather be able to melt it myself. Do you know of any resources that could help get me in the right direction or is this just my wishful dreaming that isn't going to happen?

  • @wanderingcalamity360

    @wanderingcalamity360

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@MajKetchup347 Try a ribbon burner or two in a mini metal foundry. I wanna say Old Hickory Forge has a video on a ribbon burner build.

  • @skylerlehmkuhl135

    @skylerlehmkuhl135

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@MajKetchup347 One way to go about it is using electricity instead of gas. You can get carbon gouging electrodes for a stick welder; while a propane flame is only barely above the melting point of steel, an electric arc is several thousand degrees hotter and can melt it easily. Keep in mind that the air will be trying to cool your crucible, so insulate it well with firebricks or ceramic wool; if you're having trouble getting the whole thing to melt, try a smaller crucible or a higher power welder.

  • @keithklassen5320

    @keithklassen5320

    Жыл бұрын

    I was wondering, the molds they made looked quite complex and thought-thru but I couldn't see any exit vents, which is confusing cuz how do you get to the point of knowing how to properly mix sand for a mold and do lost wax without also knowing about venting?

  • @rachdarastrix5251

    @rachdarastrix5251

    Жыл бұрын

    I thought you then broke the caste then heated the iron and beat it on the anvil.

  • @masterimbecile
    @masterimbecile2 жыл бұрын

    14:00 blade smiths don’t make mistakes; they just make shorter swords.

  • @abrahamnarvaez1730

    @abrahamnarvaez1730

    2 жыл бұрын

    Why is your sword only 3 inches long Because I wanted it to be shut up

  • @duckman4928

    @duckman4928

    Жыл бұрын

    You can´t call that sword. Swords has blades, this has not blades, this is insult to all swords.

  • @jeremykiahsobyk102

    @jeremykiahsobyk102

    Жыл бұрын

    @@duckman4928 Calm down, it's not that serious. Plenty of real forging videos out there if you can't stand the sight of some guys having fun and experimenting around.

  • @cahproductions4695
    @cahproductions46952 жыл бұрын

    It looked like your casting molds didn’t have any gas spouts. Iron reacts violently with gasses that are in the air. Maybe if you added gas vents, then pumped a heavy, inert gas like argon into the mold it would work better.

  • @loganstrong5426

    @loganstrong5426

    2 жыл бұрын

    At the very least, they needed a spot for all the displaced air to go. It doesn't bubble up through molten metal as well as it does other liquids.

  • @Natulxs

    @Natulxs

    2 жыл бұрын

    @Logan Strong It looks like they were using an oil sand like petrobond which theoretically let's gasses escape pretty easily for aluminum and bronze castings at least. Maybe iron just makes way too much though.

  • @corwinweber693

    @corwinweber693

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@loganstrong5426 Yeah they needed something as simple as a vent if nothing else.

  • @jimburton5592

    @jimburton5592

    2 жыл бұрын

    He hasn't unlocked the noble gasses yet

  • @diablominero

    @diablominero

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@jimburton5592 He has unlocked soda ash or limestone and vinegar, though. Carbon dioxide is technically an active gas, but if you're not TIG welding I doubt you'd notice the difference.

  • @KewneRain
    @KewneRain Жыл бұрын

    1.) It's not hot enough, you need to get well above its melting point to ensure it flows into the mold properly 2.) the molds need to be vented in some way, the air inside them needs to go somewhere. The wet sand will hold its shape but it's not porous enough to allow natural venting 3.) the bubbling in the open molds is a result of the mold containing moisture. Even the smallest drop of moisture can result in a steam explosion that sprays molten metal all over and causes bubbles in the surface. Preheat your molds until dry whenever possible.

  • @noirekuroraigami2270

    @noirekuroraigami2270

    Жыл бұрын

    would tempering a cast iron sword reduce its brittleness

  • @KewneRain

    @KewneRain

    Жыл бұрын

    @@noirekuroraigami2270 no, it has too much carbon

  • @nickfenix3892
    @nickfenix38922 жыл бұрын

    When your using the sand mould system you need to have a exit for the air to leave from

  • @christopherconaway3549

    @christopherconaway3549

    2 жыл бұрын

    ya idk why nate didnt put the vent tube in

  • @hanelyp1

    @hanelyp1

    2 жыл бұрын

    In sand casting, there are pores between the sand grains that can vent gasses. Depending on various factors that may not be enough, and a vent or riser opposite the feed is needed. Vents reaching almost, but not quite, to the pattern can also help.

  • @kernnus39

    @kernnus39

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@hanelyp1 Ok but an exhaust pipe is always easier to get the air out quickly

  • @jaythewolf7216

    @jaythewolf7216

    2 жыл бұрын

    also heating the mold before using it can help a lot also. some of the splattering of liquid metal is the rapid temp changing happening. almost like how dry ice will skate around on most surfaces tell it drops the temp enough to stick to it. you want the metal to more or less stick to the mold not skate around on the surface of it.

  • @jimmywalden1615
    @jimmywalden16152 жыл бұрын

    You should crest vent holes in the mold next time it didn’t want to flow because of trapped air and keep a propane or map gas torch with you so you can preheat the mold the piping and spattering was because of the presence of water it also help to preheat the mold to ensure a good flow and it doesn’t harden to quickly

  • @outforsummer5818

    @outforsummer5818

    2 жыл бұрын

    thank youuuuuuuuuuuuu the sand has to have a small amount of moisture to keep its shape if it’s a closed cast but they alwaysssssss have to have at least one vent at the opposite end of wherever you’re pouring i so hope he sees this

  • @unlink1649

    @unlink1649

    2 жыл бұрын

    I really wished he wouldn't half ass everything like that and for once prepare a proper mold with the carbon dioxide moulding, at least clean the slag off of you molten iron and then pour into a heated mold. The mold was made of basically beach sand that he shaped by printing a crude sword into it. He then started pouring from the middle into a mold that wasn't even level. I'm just dumbfounded at how many mistakes you can make. Nothing this guy does resembles quality and it's literally the only thing he does. I bet this was his first pour as well and he didn't even test the process to find out if it was any good. He just went with it like "meh good enough". So disappointing.

  • @Oblivitan

    @Oblivitan

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@unlink1649 It's so amateurish, this series has been going on for so long now you'd expect them to either have learned by now or done a little bit of research.

  • @kannonpq

    @kannonpq

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Oblivitan They don't care about doing it good. They care about putting out a good enough video. The problem is with everything just being "good enough" over and over, it starts to look AWFUL.

  • @alexisvulfiaawenfern8112
    @alexisvulfiaawenfern81122 жыл бұрын

    I have the feeling that cast iron would be good for mass producing arrow heads.

  • @bl4cksp1d3r

    @bl4cksp1d3r

    2 жыл бұрын

    Ohh, ohhh, yeah I can see that :o

  • @elijahjamesperez8936

    @elijahjamesperez8936

    2 жыл бұрын

    The Chinese actually did that

  • @guicky_

    @guicky_

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@elijahjamesperez8936 they still do lol

  • @harleymarshall6929

    @harleymarshall6929

    2 жыл бұрын

    Or spearheads. It should work really well as a material for making a purely thrusting point

  • @Kez_DXX

    @Kez_DXX

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@elijahjamesperez8936 mass production for the win

  • @SunG34r
    @SunG34r2 жыл бұрын

    Have you heard of a puddling furnace? They used to be the predominant method of the manufacturing of steel before the bessemer process

  • @christopherconaway3549

    @christopherconaway3549

    2 жыл бұрын

    i did my captone in college on ancient chinese metallurgy, and i came across their early forms of the pudding furnace. fascinating stuff

  • @uberchipmonk2568

    @uberchipmonk2568

    2 жыл бұрын

    In ancient times, the Chinese were the first to learn to smelt pudding. The first flavor was rice.

  • @tristantheafflicted

    @tristantheafflicted

    2 жыл бұрын

    Or even the more primitive version, the finery furnace.

  • @TimPiatek
    @TimPiatek2 жыл бұрын

    With the understanding that the proper steel would require higher melting temperatures... why not try that? Would be more interesting, since I honestly don't know what to expect from a cast steel sword.

  • @kubawakuluk2443

    @kubawakuluk2443

    2 жыл бұрын

    Well, the topic of steel casting is really complex. And as far as they dont control it preciselly there could be everything. The type of alloy will be propably the most significant factor as well as cooling time and melting temperature, since the grain structure depend on this aspects. I think that casted steel sword might work if they use both the proper alloy and precise melting/casting/cooling process.

  • @herscher1297

    @herscher1297

    2 жыл бұрын

    Its not really possible to reach the meltingpoint of mild steel without modern technology (outside of a kilm) and it would react strongly with the air. The end result would be a mostly normal steel sword.

  • @bradley3549

    @bradley3549

    2 жыл бұрын

    I don't think they really covered exactly what they were using as a raw material here but it looked a lot like they were using rebar. Which is a steel and might explain part of their struggles. They were trying to cast at too low a temperature using an alloy not well suited for casting.

  • @flamethrowex

    @flamethrowex

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@herscher1297 dumb question then... i know this probably wouldn't work, but i'd love to know why: what would happen if you set up a mold filled with mild steel pellets or filings, and put that directly in a kiln? or set a crucible with an opening at the bottom above to mold so that the steel poured through as it melted?

  • @herscher1297

    @herscher1297

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@flamethrowex tbh i dont see any reason why this shouldnt work. You would need a mold able to withstand the heat. Also, if you cast steel you will need to reheat it for tempering and quenching.

  • @christopherconaway3549
    @christopherconaway35492 жыл бұрын

    hey Andy. i did my capstone on ancient Chinese metallurgy and from my research, they got the metal hot enough to melt like in nate's modern foundry, but they next poured it into a refractory basin and added silt to the molten iron. this removed the impurities and when it hardened, it was pretty much "wrought iron" without the bloom. another option you could try is loading a crucible with alternating layers of wrought iron and cast iron, then heating it in a foundry for several hours as hot as you can. this will cause the two alloys to combine into one, making medium to high carbon steel. i hope this helps

  • @bilbo_gamers6417

    @bilbo_gamers6417

    5 ай бұрын

    they were able to decarburize cast iron by adding silt? i would think you'd need to pour it out into thin stock or something and just let it naturally decarburize. how does the silt work to get rid of carbon?

  • @christopherconaway3549

    @christopherconaway3549

    4 ай бұрын

    @@bilbo_gamers6417 the information i wrote out is how the ancient chinese metallurgists described their process. given their understanding at the time, adding silt from the local river acted like adding borax to molten metal. it coagulates the dissolved gasses and slag out of the molten iron. then they would stir the iron with a freshly cut branch (specifically willow) and the glass would stick to the pole and get pulled out. afterwards, they claimed the iron was a more malleable form of iron instead of brittle cast iron. so i believe they unknowingly decarborized the iron while stirring it. all the while also taking out the slag to make the finished product more homogeneous. i hope that explains it a bit better :)

  • @lubaka8269

    @lubaka8269

    3 ай бұрын

    @@bilbo_gamers6417 Also curious how it decarburizes so leaving a comment incase of answer :P

  • @MakoRuu
    @MakoRuu Жыл бұрын

    The issue is mostly that they used rebar as the material to cast. Rebar is a mixed steel that is made from scraps and has TONS of impurities. It's only use is to reinforce concrete. A cleaner steel with a flux introduced would not only have melted at a lower temperature, but also poured more smoothly and evenly.

  • @brycehampton7649
    @brycehampton76492 жыл бұрын

    Man I’m so glad you’re with Nate from his channel and some of the king of random guy that I love to see

  • @NathanNostaw
    @NathanNostaw2 жыл бұрын

    There was a continuous reference to cast iron, but it looked like the metal stock being fed in was rebar. This makes it cast steel, dirty cast steel, but still steel. Being steel it will have much better capability to be cast, then forged and heat treated to a useable blade. The movies all show open casting, but not further working. We could assume they forged after the pour. Worth trying again, but next time with a furnace that can at least get good heat into a reasonable amount of steel.

  • @rachdarastrix5251

    @rachdarastrix5251

    Жыл бұрын

    Oddly enough in the tv scenes I've seen after they cast it and let it cool they then heat it again and let it cool then heat it again and hammer it on an anvil then dip it in water.

  • @beowulfshaeffer8444
    @beowulfshaeffer84442 жыл бұрын

    You may want to use two-piece molds and preheat them before pouring. Also, the Primitive Technology channel has a couple videos about making primitive cement from wood ash. Mixing that cement with silicate sand might get you a concrete mix heat resistant enough to keep your furnace from melting, much like the plaster and sand mixes used by TKOR, Nighthawknlight, and others.

  • @corwinweber693

    @corwinweber693

    2 жыл бұрын

    It's a nice idea, and it MIGHT work, but..... I don't know. I'm not sure whether it could handle that kind of heat or not. Maybe?

  • @beowulfshaeffer8444

    @beowulfshaeffer8444

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@corwinweber693 Yes, a bit of a risk and probably worth testing a small piece under intense heat before building a whole furnace out of the stuff, but considering that Nate's furnace didn't melt when lined with a similar mixture and was still able to melt iron, I think there's a good possibility that a primitive version would perform well.

  • @tristantheafflicted

    @tristantheafflicted

    2 жыл бұрын

    I would most likely advise against that since most cements tend to hold some water in them after curing solid, which is why you avoid modern regular cement in most high temperature applications since it'll convert to steam and blow the cement apart (even firepits). The primitive ash version *might* me ok but without a good deal of research making sure, I wouldn't risk it.

  • @beowulfshaeffer8444

    @beowulfshaeffer8444

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@tristantheafflicted You'll really need to look at The King of Random or NightHawkNLight to see what I'm talking about. Most of their soup can, oil drum, and bucket forges (and even their foundries) are lined with a cement made of plaster of paris and sand. These builds and demonstrations are documented for your viewing pleasure.

  • @anon_y_mousse

    @anon_y_mousse

    Жыл бұрын

    @@beowulfshaeffer8444 Andy could take another lesson from Primitive Technology, make a blower for the furnace and one of those ceramic redirection things, whatever they're called.

  • @Vormulac1
    @Vormulac12 жыл бұрын

    Pretty sure those film examples all state that they're steel not iron, but even so - great video!

  • @corwinweber693

    @corwinweber693

    2 жыл бұрын

    Doesn't matter. Casting iron or steel gives you a lousy result for strength. It hasn't been work hardened. When you move the metal (like hitting it with a hammer) the structure changes into a much harder one. It's why you can break copper wire by bending it back and forth a bunch of times. The copper gets harder and more brittle at the bend point until it finally breaks. Iron does the same thing, and steel being iron with a little bit of carbon in it..... it does too. At best he did a little bit of heat treating on that blade, and even then not much heat treating. The blade wasn't at the right temperature for it and he didn't immerse it in the water. Basically he just had a ground iron bar, and probably not even cast iron. Not enough carbon. (Pouring or casting the iron isn't what determines 'cast iron.' It's the carbon content. Mild steel or wrought iron doesn't have enough carbon in it to heat treat, cast iron has too much carbon in it to be useful for anything that's going to be under stress. Both can be cast if you have a hot enough furnace.)

  • @JohnyG29

    @JohnyG29

    18 күн бұрын

    Steel is made from iron.

  • @ghetorange9604
    @ghetorange96042 жыл бұрын

    They for got about the trapped air, a metal casting need two spouts or the trapped air would act like a stopper and cool of to fast

  • @NKG416
    @NKG4162 жыл бұрын

    i think you should working with expert (like the beer episode), this has so much potential but ends up half assed, sorry to say this

  • @mikeyjohnson5888
    @mikeyjohnson58882 жыл бұрын

    Theres also heat treating. With heat treating you can make certain areas softer(spine) and other harder(cutting edge).

  • @riuphane
    @riuphane2 жыл бұрын

    Both Good And Basic and NFTI!? This is amazing! Been waiting for some collabs with Nate, but bringing everyone into one video is awesome!!

  • @joakes33
    @joakes332 жыл бұрын

    That's great that you did a collab with Nate I can't wait to see his video he does some really great amazing stuff

  • @willarchambault3776
    @willarchambault3776 Жыл бұрын

    The melting dirt in your primitive furnace is causing the temperature to hold through the phase change (similar to boiling water in a rice pot). Finding a higher temperature clay mixture may be a critical next step.

  • @isaacsudduth1574
    @isaacsudduth15742 жыл бұрын

    I found it pretty interesting that the cast iron sword managed to get in a few whacks into the wood. Another thing to consider when it comes to casting metal such as bronze or cast iron is a process called work hardening. Cast metals are generally fairly pliable one cooled, but after the process of work hardening which is basically repeatedly hammer them to form, the metal get consolidated and becomes much stronger. You actually see a similar process in movies where they cast the iron swords into their preform and then go through the arduous process of hammering them flat and refine the shape as well as heat treating and tempering. Maybe the next time you try your hand at casting another iron, you could apply some blade smithing techniques to see if you get better results.

  • @ArthurHerbst

    @ArthurHerbst

    Жыл бұрын

    Im pretty shure you cant workharden cast iron (so the stuff with 2+% carbon content) in any practical way. Cementit (Fe3C), the stuff that forms in abundance due to the high carbon content, is super brittle, basicly a ceramic. The metal would form cracks before any meaningfull amount of dislocations has formed. Dislocations are what hardens the steel (not consolidation, this is a commen misconception) and are induced by deforming metal. But you are right. Casting pure iron (so no carbon) or steel would lead to better results, with the former being workhardenable and the later possibly hardenable the traditional way. But they are much harder to cast since their meltingpoint is much higher...

  • @NikolisKitchen
    @NikolisKitchen2 жыл бұрын

    So glad to see you collab with Nate. I discovered this channel when you did an episode of TKOR with Grant trying to make clear glass!

  • @jcourtes
    @jcourtes2 жыл бұрын

    Glad you are continuing forward, love the videos as always!

  • @volkswagenb9406
    @volkswagenb94062 жыл бұрын

    7:40 I wonder if he preheated his mold? Oh. Oh no.

  • @damien667
    @damien6672 жыл бұрын

    Great to see Nate! Hope y'all work together again

  • @52Ford
    @52Ford2 жыл бұрын

    I really appreciate the effort, but I was shouting at the screen when I saw y'all trying to pour cast iron into unvented molds. With the cobb mold, I would have burned off the 3D print (lost PLA method) and poured the iron while the mold was still hot. Since you already have to model it up in CAD, oversize your print by about 1% to account for shrinkage as the molten cast iron cools down. How's the new shop build going?

  • @bthefrost0
    @bthefrost02 жыл бұрын

    awesome to see you working with Nate, between you channel and his they're my favorite channels for home diy projects

  • @ironhead2008
    @ironhead20082 жыл бұрын

    Honestly? Cast iron might be more appropriate for a spearpoint or arrow point, IOW something semi disposable.

  • @kiandoinart
    @kiandoinart2 жыл бұрын

    I suggest making your own bricks at this point. You've gotten far enough with technology to actually do it and the bricks will be able to sustain a higher temperature for the forge.

  • @bl4cksp1d3r

    @bl4cksp1d3r

    2 жыл бұрын

    They already made bricks. This wasn't his forge

  • @kiandoinart

    @kiandoinart

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@bl4cksp1d3r Ok, so was this just for collab then?

  • @bl4cksp1d3r

    @bl4cksp1d3r

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@kiandoinart I'm pretty sure it's the collab partner who built it / builds it and uses it regularly, he said himself it started small and just... grew over time lol

  • @AntimatterGizmo
    @AntimatterGizmo2 жыл бұрын

    Perfect thumbnail throwback to the video I saw for weeks and didn't click but was so so so glad I did

  • @blackoak4978
    @blackoak49782 жыл бұрын

    I'd love to see the results of forging the cast iron sword. It should shed a lot of carbon during the forging process. Personally I always considered the open faced molds to be for sword BLANKS, so cast then forged

  • @sanityormadness

    @sanityormadness

    2 жыл бұрын

    This was my thought too.

  • @rgbgamingfridge

    @rgbgamingfridge

    Жыл бұрын

    how do you forge cast iron? isnt it too brittle?

  • @tristantheafflicted
    @tristantheafflicted2 жыл бұрын

    I'm not sure what route you're going to take for steelmaking, whether you're going to go with refining iron blooms to steel (via secondary furnaces and/or selection of your pieces by carbon content and then pattern welding etc) or if you're going to jump straight to crucible steel. However you could consider the less commonly known methods of decarburizing cast iron into steel which pre-date the bessemer process, which are the puddling furnace and it's more primitive predecessor the finery furnace (which is essentially just a hole in the ground). Both of these basically work by stirring cast iron so that oxygen can get into it to burn away excess carbon, leaving steel or iron after. These methods are not seen much in pop-culture, since finery furnaces were mainly used in asia (and in fact there isn't much evidence of bloom steel ever being used in China), and didn't make their way over to europe until at least the 13th century. As a result I haven't seen many videos of these processes online so it could be cool to have one of the only videos on the process, especially since all our modern processes are based on these (which is particularly good for the whole "making your way to modern technolgies" theme)

  • @resurgam_b7
    @resurgam_b72 жыл бұрын

    Awesome video, I'm going to have this video on tap for any future "BuT I kNoW tHeY dEfInItElY dId CaSt IrOn SwOrDs." conversation that I have :D A minor correction: Cast iron =/= iron that was cast. Cast iron is a specific material, iron that was cast can be any kind of iron that you melted and poured into a mold. The act of casting doesn't necessarily result in a higher carbon content. It can, and for your primitive furnace attempt probably would have, but that would have been a function of the heating with charcoal, not the melting itself. The reason you don't want to cast a sword is because of the poor grain structure that results from the process. You also wouldn't want to forge a sword from the material cast iron either though, because of the high carbon content which you mentioned in the video. The end result of both would likely be the same, a brittle sword, but the mechanisms by which they became brittle would be different.

  • @matthewread8473
    @matthewread84732 жыл бұрын

    I feel like a cast iron spearhead would would really well. Since the stabbing would be a compression force vs the force of slashing with a sword that made it snap

  • @christopherconaway3549

    @christopherconaway3549

    2 жыл бұрын

    as long as they dont pry with it. if the spear head is too long the flexing force of impact and pulling it out might snap it. but i do agree with you on this point about a cast iron spear head

  • @Punkysimpa
    @Punkysimpa2 жыл бұрын

    I would love to see more woodworking projects, maybe a wood lathe??

  • @YggdrasilSDT

    @YggdrasilSDT

    2 жыл бұрын

    Grandpa amu has a home-made pedal and belt powered lathe video.

  • @RealJW901
    @RealJW901 Жыл бұрын

    My mom used to make jewelry with cast gold and silver. The molds were always heated in the kiln to a temperature close to the mountain metal. This kept the metal flowing into the most delicate nooks and crannies of the mold. The mold was made with wax. Hope this helps

  • @mercurywoodrose
    @mercurywoodrose2 жыл бұрын

    you HAVE to watch the australian film "the navigator" from the 80s. medieval men searching for help with the plague travel through time to present day, to CAST A CROSS. VERY cool portrayal of open face casting

  • @NathanS__
    @NathanS__2 жыл бұрын

    I don't think any of the movies are using "cast iron" they're using iron/steel that's cast. Modern steel mills use molten steel cast all the time. Plus all the films show them forging the swords next, they don't go from mold to battle immediately.

  • @matthewmcnamee2864

    @matthewmcnamee2864

    2 жыл бұрын

    Most costume swords are cast because it doesn't need to be strong alot bend and stuff forged things are better

  • @dustinstiner3057

    @dustinstiner3057

    2 жыл бұрын

    You can't forge cast iron

  • @NathanS__

    @NathanS__

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@dustinstiner3057 like I said. There's a difference between "cast iron" and iron that's poured molten into a mold.

  • @dustinstiner3057

    @dustinstiner3057

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@NathanS__ iron that is poured into a mold is by definition cast iron and not something you want to be hitting on an anvil. Iron ingots that blacksmiths used were not cast for a region.

  • @dustinstiner3057

    @dustinstiner3057

    2 жыл бұрын

    @neer muse the ingots which blacksmiths would have used back in the Middle Ages and before would not have been cast for a number of reasons. The first and largest reason is that casting metal is a very difficult process and is much harder to do accurately. The quality in casts, especially in ferrous metals, can vary wildly from one part of the cast to the other. There is also a problem with voids when it comes to casting, a void in the middle of an ingot would make it near useless. The material which blacksmiths used (in general blacksmiths purchased their material from merchants since they didn't have the facilities to make it it themselves) would come in the form of bars of stock which were made in large smelting facilities by the way of working and consolidating masses of ore into a cohesive chunk in a similar method by which one would process bloomery.

  • @pauljs75
    @pauljs75 Жыл бұрын

    An interesting related line of research may be a wind-fanned forge. Seems there are locations in Europe that used either coastal ledges or bluffs or slopes on the side of a valley that take advantage of natural wind conditions to fan the firing of the furnaces. There would be scoop-like structures built that would channel the prevailing wind that hits a rock face into one of the lower chambers where the firing was done. It may be one of the possible ways they got stuff like crucible steel, as it would take much less human effort to sustain higher temperatures. Not sure how you'd recreate that, since having an effective setup seemed to be highly location dependent with a consistent and somewhat sustained dry wind. As far as casting a more steel-like iron... Might be some hybrid processes? An initial casting and then hammering out while red hot. (Some aspects of forging, but perhaps not as intensive? It would help with voids/cracking, but less actual forming of the material.) The main thing to make something like that strong would be the tempering/annealing process.

  • @MobMentality12345
    @MobMentality123452 жыл бұрын

    Glad to see Nate here too! Cool collaboration

  • @bilbo_gamers6417
    @bilbo_gamers64175 ай бұрын

    amazing to see lost pla casting with cob!!! i wanted to do research about something like this, but it's mostly impractical to try and reinvent the wheel of ceramic shell casting, so there isn't much readily available info on it. you guys did great on this. casting iron in a homemade cupola is no mean feat!!! i think the only other cool thing you could consider is casting thin plate, heating it up, and allowing it to decarburize, as a source of cheap decent-quality wrought iron for tools and stuff. if you made it really thin and heated up below burning temperature, all the carbon and phosphorus and sulfur would burn off, and then folding it a few times would squeeze out most of the silicon impurities. if you add this essentially pure iron to a crucible with some pig iron in a controlled way, and allowed it to dissolve together in a cupola, you could make really nice modern quality steel. or potentially even make a rod-shaped crucible to make your own high quality steel that was cast round stock, with no forging needed (though this would be more difficult).

  • @kienanvella
    @kienanvella2 жыл бұрын

    Well, that was fun seeing Nate make a surprise appearance!

  • @How_to_do_everything_
    @How_to_do_everything_7 ай бұрын

    Ive been a og fan and i forgot the name of your channel because my phone broke like 5 months ago and i got a new one and thw whole of last week ive been trying to find your channel until i searched up how to everything youtube thaught that was close enough and brought me to your channel thank god ❤✨

  • @princessapplestrach6327
    @princessapplestrach63272 жыл бұрын

    I want to make a joke with ''Amen gas'' and holy farts but I will abstain

  • @SideBit
    @SideBit Жыл бұрын

    I always love these forging and smelting videos. Baffles me to think how HARD this was in the past. No wonder it took 2 million years (counting non-homo sapiens) to go from stone to steel.

  • @GoodandBasic
    @GoodandBasic2 жыл бұрын

    Frying the bacon on the sword 😁😁😁. This was a fun project!

  • @mynameismatt2010
    @mynameismatt20102 жыл бұрын

    You need to preheat your molds. They should be at around 1100 F when you pull the metal out for pouring. This is especially important for a geometry like a frying pan in the way you're casting it because the metal has to flow over a lot of surface area to fill a small volume, giving the mold plenty of time to freeze the metal in its tracks and stop the pour.

  • @andyvue2418
    @andyvue24182 жыл бұрын

    Love your historic wepons and your videos

  • @robertsmith4681
    @robertsmith46812 жыл бұрын

    Question becomes how hard would it be to get rid of some of that extra carbon thru a secondary process and turn this material into useful steel ? In such a context casting it initially make sense.

  • @Herr_Scheissemann

    @Herr_Scheissemann

    2 жыл бұрын

    Ilya from baltimore knives and swords (back when he was still working for man at arms) made crucible steel from cast iron and some iron to make quite an awesome viking sword. I'd love to see andy take a shot at it, at least making the crucible steel part..

  • @microwave221

    @microwave221

    2 жыл бұрын

    A sword wouldn't be terrible to get the carbon out of, since it's got such a thing cross section and high surface area. Carbon will naturally diffuse out of iron at a high enough temperature, similar to case hardening in reverse. Early blister steel was made in this way, keeping cast iron ingots in a carbon deficient atmosphere at a high heat for hours or days. It's generally more efficient to start with a wrought iron and add carbon than to start with cast and take it out, but it's definitely doable

  • @Herr_Scheissemann

    @Herr_Scheissemann

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@microwave221 I thought the scale is decarburization. So it's possible to decarb steel without it disintegrate into pieces? Wouldn't it be only surface decarb?

  • @microwave221

    @microwave221

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@Herr_Scheissemann I've been under the impression that scale is an oxide, but I've never really looked into it. Metal does oxidize faster at the relevant temperatures regardless, so the sword would likely fall apart by the time it lost enough carbon to be steel unless the atmosphere was controlled to some extent. Carbon will entirely diffuse into or out of the entire bit of metal given enough time, Clickspring does a great demonstration of this in his video on case hardening. It does start at the surface, but will gradually work it's way down to the core

  • @jakedingwall7688
    @jakedingwall76882 жыл бұрын

    I love watching this because you are great at telling your audience about human history.

  • @thalastianjorus
    @thalastianjorus2 жыл бұрын

    As a Smith, both in name and profession _(if only my mother had known),_ can I just say that it IS possible to cast a steel sword that is really quite nice, functional, and of decent quality? Not _good_ quality, but decent. It is by no means the most ideal. You need a decent carbon steel, not overly high content - say 1095 or similar _(do not use high nickel stainless - yes there are reasons),_ nickel, and a few other ingredients. Think of this as scrap steel reclamation as is done in a steel foundry to make stainless stock... same process. This is not EASY, especially if you lack the proper kilns that can reach the required temperatures, and a waste of time and material. Once cast, just as flat stock is cast in a foundry, and you add your profile by hand and hammer - not grinding as has become such a common short cut in blade smithing. This working of the steel will be correcting the grain structure, especially along the cutting edge, such that when you quench the blade the spine will still be relatively soft - the blade hardened. Precisely as you'd like. _Disclaimer: Simply because you CAN do this, it is workable, and it will make a fully functional blade of semi-decent quality - this is much HARDER than simply forging the blade. You will also burn a bit of your steel, and the rest. MUCH harder. In summation: harder to do by an order of magnitude, wasteful, and you end up with a worse blade than even a lazily forged blade. Stick to smelting steel back into stock, and forging like normal._ _PS that'd be one ugly blade profile for any kind of iron._

  • @frankcourtney6413

    @frankcourtney6413

    2 жыл бұрын

    Go to love that nominative determinism in action - I'm sure Mum would be proud!

  • @corwinweber693

    @corwinweber693

    2 жыл бұрын

    Ok, but what you're describing here..... you are actually talking about a forged blade. It's just casting into the rough shape first so that you don't have to go from a thick rectangular billet to a blade. You're still work hardening the steel, at least the edges anyway.

  • @gannas42
    @gannas422 жыл бұрын

    I believe the fictional depictions generally cast then forge the casting. Also you should preheat/burn out your molds to drive out the moisture and reduce mold disintegration before casting.

  • @toddellner5283

    @toddellner5283

    2 жыл бұрын

    Which would be a great way to leave splinters of cast iron on your anvil

  • @gannas42

    @gannas42

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@toddellner5283 Yeah I imagine it is quite a light show as well

  • @michaelolynyk4319
    @michaelolynyk4319 Жыл бұрын

    If this has not been brought up already, In defense of the Lord of the Rings sword casting scene at the beginning, the weapons and warfare book explains that the resultant swords are meant to be mass produced for Saruman's Uruk-Kai. There was a hook at the end, meant to help dismount riders from horses, which was helpful against rohan who focused on mounted troops. Only one side was sharped, making them more like cleavers, and made them quick to produce. The swords were meant to fulfill what was needed and no more. They were cheap quickly made swords, again described in the weapons and warfare book as being basically raw metal ingots with handles.

  • @joshneandertallclark1978
    @joshneandertallclark19782 жыл бұрын

    With a high temp metal, would you be able to mix out the air bubbles in the iron prior to casting (kinda like epoxy), or is it a second physical reaction while the cast iron is cooling,making any mixing a moot point?

  • @damianousley8833
    @damianousley8833 Жыл бұрын

    They appeared to not be putting vent holes in the mould. So the air can be displaced and allow hot melt metal to completely fill the cavity of the mould.

  • @bramweinreder2346
    @bramweinreder2346 Жыл бұрын

    Fun fact: historical swords used to break all the time due to poor edge alignment. Even modern reproduction swords made for HEMA break occasionally, which means that either we got stronger or don't understand sword fighting very well... There's no reason you couldn't still quench and temper your blade, which would make much difference. You could also finish it easier with more traditional techniques after tempering. But even then you'd have a sword that's made from an inherently brittle material. Maybe if you reheated it in a coke forge before quenching, but idk. Bronze is inherently softer, but did usually get work hardened by hammering the bevels. That's a different technique than grinding but does the same job, but also has other benefits that also kinda apply to other metals, in a way that the material gets more consolidated near the business end.

  • @gaverage2218
    @gaverage2218 Жыл бұрын

    16:37 "It will keel" Doug Marciada approves 😂

  • @hakarthemage
    @hakarthemage2 жыл бұрын

    Fair warning with your plans for a steam engine, it took a lot of effort to get metallurgy to the point where the boilers could withstand the pressure enough to not explode.

  • @alexsnow3319
    @alexsnow33192 жыл бұрын

    The thing that most fantasy shows don't include is the amount of enchantment that goes into legendary and mythic weapons. Enchanted materials, enchanted fire, enchantments on the tools, the shop, the smith, and prayers to many gods.

  • @whtiequillBj
    @whtiequillBj2 жыл бұрын

    Do you have the numbers for the tensile strength of the cast iron you had vs the forged iron sword? also how did you get though the whole video and not use the term tensile strength?

  • @colinmartin9797
    @colinmartin97972 жыл бұрын

    I have that bespoke post box - the real surprise in there was the pancake mix. It was AMAZING.

  • @triple7988
    @triple7988 Жыл бұрын

    Have you considered casting then forging the the casting to close any voids and strengthen the grain structure?

  • @Artifying
    @Artifying2 жыл бұрын

    You might have this in the pipeline but I would love to see a video on ancient jewelry like refining precious metals and cutting stones.

  • @uberchipmonk2568
    @uberchipmonk25682 жыл бұрын

    Based on other KZread videos iv watched, your sand molds did not have holes for air to escape, and possibly the sand needed packed better.

  • @Hubertoser

    @Hubertoser

    2 жыл бұрын

    And you can't melt junks of metal big as that, in your mud furnace, you have to make small flakes, and even then...

  • @Slikx666
    @Slikx6662 жыл бұрын

    It's always nice to see other KZreadrs joining in. Shame that the casts didn't work, but that's archaeology. 😀👍

  • @danielporter8481
    @danielporter8481 Жыл бұрын

    Yes, a whistle vent in casting is essential. Green sand is 6 parts sand and one part clay with just enough water to make a fist ball. Water in molten metal will explode, dry your tools. This should be stressed for safety. A caste sword is the beginning process. next it needs to be heated and hammered to compress the steel into a uniform structure, forged, tempered etc.

  • @mandarin1257
    @mandarin12572 жыл бұрын

    Beautiful, metallurgy is just so exciting!

  • @davidstout7846
    @davidstout7846 Жыл бұрын

    The Metal bars we used are industrialized casting, and that is how it's made. melting and mixing the cast iron and making it a bar, so it can be shaped and forged into a sword. Before the industrial revolution era, they were casting all forms of metal to make it into something.

  • @nickdavis5420
    @nickdavis54202 жыл бұрын

    It’s weird you can absolutely forge a bronze sword . Now if you can make good heat you can cast iron without changing the mix too make it brittle it would just need too up the heat . They pour steel now all the time too drop forge .

  • @LittleDergon
    @LittleDergon2 жыл бұрын

    Would love to see the slow Mo guys do this as get a super slow shot of the break

  • @Tarik360
    @Tarik360 Жыл бұрын

    It's cool to see these guys try this even though other KZreadrs have said you can not cast an iron sword and they even said on the start that it will be brittle!

  • @luckygen1001

    @luckygen1001

    Жыл бұрын

    If ductile iron was cast then the resulting casting would bend.

  • @dra6o0n
    @dra6o0n2 жыл бұрын

    If this technique was used for war in medieval times, you'd make spearheads and arrows with them. Flexibility is required in order for weapons to maintain their form so to speak, otherwise the weapon would need to be super heavy in order to remain durable.

  • @Gabrulo_knifemaking
    @Gabrulo_knifemaking2 жыл бұрын

    For all those that say what they could have done wrong and to try differently, it isn't about how you pour cast iron, is the cast iron itself the problem. It is too brittle, for blades you need a steel that is hard enough to retain an edge but flexible enough to absorb hits. Cast iron is just very hard and not flexible enough, is like glass. There is a reason why blades for centuries have been forged. The pouring thing is just an idiot thing for the movies since it looks "cool" (even if i think a blacksmith smashing hot steel looks cooler). I'm a little mad about this thing cause since i make knives a lot of people asked me if i pour molten steel to make knives... and thats only hollywood's fault if people don't know how bladesmithing works

  • @Thesamjam5
    @Thesamjam52 жыл бұрын

    Something to add to make a skilelt that big maybe requires a bit more molten iron perhaps to fully fill it, I'd look back at some documents on how the process was done back then

  • @lamnad
    @lamnad2 жыл бұрын

    I have wondered what the result would be if you cast the general shape and then forged out the distal taper and bevels. Would it really be that much different than starting with a rectangular bar?

  • @jarrodsfight4204
    @jarrodsfight4204 Жыл бұрын

    Question, in all the movies you mention, after casting, they reheat and forge several times over, do you think this process could be part of the difference between a good sward and your sward?

  • @kernnus39
    @kernnus392 жыл бұрын

    I can point out some points about why the pan didn't work, First point I didn't see any holes for air to escape in the mold, second point, The metal has cooled down too quickly, perhaps heating to a higher temperature will make it liquid longer.

  • @markperryman797
    @markperryman797 Жыл бұрын

    I'm trying to make a forge pot solid cast iron I'm gonna put a foam mold in cement so it can't fall in on itself but my problem is melting it I welded a steel forge pot but the welds are breaking how should I go at melting the cast iron my steel forge pot is not really big and hits critical heat after 2 hours

  • @robertshort9487
    @robertshort94872 жыл бұрын

    if you need to mass produce swords, and can melt iron, then casting swordish shaped billets for later finishing makes a lot of sense.

  • @matthewmcnamee2864

    @matthewmcnamee2864

    2 жыл бұрын

    Th problem is with the structure they would need to do the same ammount of work for those

  • @robertshort9487

    @robertshort9487

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@matthewmcnamee2864 they would need far less work. And would still be far better than arming people with sticks.

  • @matthewmcnamee2864

    @matthewmcnamee2864

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@robertshort9487 it depends on the armor and stick a bo staff can do alot of dammage compared to something that continously breaks on contact with another weapon just look at the vid infront of you the grain structure is random adding weakness vs forging where it's stretched along the sword so for the sword shaped billets they would need to fold and restretch it which would work like a normal sword and that case might aswell start with a bar it's why the cast iron sword broke and the forged one didn't

  • @maximilianniedernhauser1950
    @maximilianniedernhauser1950 Жыл бұрын

    there is also steelcasting (stahlguss) it is more difficult than casting castiron but you should also give it a shot

  • @v1nceinamericayt
    @v1nceinamericayt2 жыл бұрын

    Hi

  • @masoncouch7595

    @masoncouch7595

    2 жыл бұрын

    Hey

  • @owgdj

    @owgdj

    2 жыл бұрын

    He is first praise be

  • @ethansloan9652
    @ethansloan96522 жыл бұрын

    im so glad you're back on your feet

  • @theFLCLguy
    @theFLCLguy2 жыл бұрын

    Forbidden episodes, "How to make babies." "How to make cyanide gas." "How to cook your neighbors dog." "How to make yellow cake out of uranium." "How to build a trap for neighborhood pets."

  • @Blutwind

    @Blutwind

    2 жыл бұрын

    Sounds like a mix of NileRed and MarkRobert Videos

  • @matthiasschatzer8641
    @matthiasschatzer86412 жыл бұрын

    But for like spearheads, wich dont bend much, would it be almost the same as forged ones?

  • @steamerpowered
    @steamerpowered2 жыл бұрын

    Looks like you need to up the clay content in your greensand. That will help with keeping the mold from collapsing as you pour.

  • @leighchristopherson2455
    @leighchristopherson24552 жыл бұрын

    By reheating the casting hot enough you can cause it to decarburize. This is literally burning the carbon out of it. You heat it until it is so hot it is emitting a shower of sparks, this is the carbon burning out. This might leave you with a steel skin over a cast core. You could take it even further and try forging after decarb, this may cause carbon migration, a process where the material seeks homogeneity. If you experiment enough, I think it may be possible to use casting as a step in a process.

  • @patri0t1776
    @patri0t17762 жыл бұрын

    K, I wanna help, and I'd like to see you revisit this "cast iron" sword, but this is going to sound very critical and I don't mean it that way so please forgive me on this. No.1: It's more likely closer to cast steel, not cast iron (Cuz semantics, and almost incorrect semantics at that lol;check out the differences of carbon content in cast iron vs cast steel. It's very counterintuitive lol). No.2 Cast steel swords were always hammer forged afterwards (and it was actually shown in those movies referenced) to increase tensile and compressive strength. No.3: they were typically cast in open wood flasks that were carbonized (ie:burned/ charred) to add a protection layer against the high heat. I don't know as though sand was used for that type of casting, icbw. No.4: there were no risers nor vents in your closed flasks which is probably one of the reasons you had trouble pouring those. In addition to heat. No.5: the sand/clay flasks could have been pre-heated to help with flow and premature cooling. No.6: insulation insulation insulation. This is likely the main reason you couldn't reach temps appropriate for your pour in the traditional clay kiln/foundry. Revisit this and I'm sure you'll have better success. Great vids, love them; and glad to see you bouncing back after the fire loss. Good luck!

  • @lmkcrazy
    @lmkcrazy2 жыл бұрын

    Air escape holes need to be added to ur molds and potentially extra spouts to make it easier to poar and fill in.

  • @BartJBols
    @BartJBols2 жыл бұрын

    Loved the 'naughty dough' joke

  • @Cristopher.C
    @Cristopher.C Жыл бұрын

    So! Can You Cast an Iron Sword? Well, First things first: Let's 3D print a frying pan! :D

  • @yasa108
    @yasa108 Жыл бұрын

    how do you make the mold out of whatmateriarl

  • @TheMrasil
    @TheMrasil2 жыл бұрын

    got a question,,, kinda just popped in my head but,, if the sword dosen't work would a cast iron ax work,, i mean it wouldn't have the same weak points as a sword so would it be possible,, would you get to cast a modern ax head or would it have to be like casting the bronze ax head's or would it not evan really work at all,,,

  • @KainYusanagi
    @KainYusanagi2 жыл бұрын

    Three problems: Your molds are cold, so the iron is cooling down way too quickly and solidifying in strands (that's what's creating the spongy masses), and secondly, there are no gas spouts for a fully encased mold (this has consistantly been a problem with your molds over the years, from what I've seen). Thirdly, there's a reason that they pour into an open mold... and then forge it further, basically just using it as initial bar stock that is partially formed (or in fantasy stories, magic is involved); they know that a raw cast iron blank is crap.

  • @jasons5916

    @jasons5916

    2 жыл бұрын

    I think the fantasy sword casting problem is that the molds look like the sword they are making and not much changes after it is cast. I don't think there would be a problem pouring a long bar of an alloy normally used for swords and then machining it down to the sword you want. A lot of blades today are just cut and ground from bar stock with no forging required.

  • @KainYusanagi

    @KainYusanagi

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@jasons5916 As I said, with fantasy, magic's involved, so we can't treat it like it's a mundane casting.

  • @triple7988
    @triple7988 Жыл бұрын

    You can improvise an electric arc furnace with stick welding equipment, graphite electrodes and an inert cover gas inside and old propane tank that has been cut in half. The top being the lid and the bottom having a conductive plate/bucket suitable for holding molten material. I should mention this should be well sealed with as little oxygen as possible. It may also help to install windows using welding helmet lenses.

  • @drnotof6124
    @drnotof61242 жыл бұрын

    Nice episode

  • @korpse6rinder
    @korpse6rinder2 жыл бұрын

    What do you think would happen if you heat and beat the sword into shape after you had cast it? Or even just a few good heat treatments. You might want to clear coat it or season it, if you want it to last.

  • @townsville69
    @townsville69 Жыл бұрын

    Love a good bit of historical science.

  • @TonusStoneshield
    @TonusStoneshield2 жыл бұрын

    In the future I suggest annealing it after you cast it, it'll help the coarse grain structure rearrange into something less likely to shatter.