Thank you to Warby Parker for sponsoring today's episode! Try 5 pairs of glasses at home for free at www.warbyparker.com/Htme. Home Try-Ons are only offered in the US.

@jammehrmann1871

2 жыл бұрын

No! I don't think I will!

@innoillust

2 жыл бұрын

Let's go

@kingmasterlord

2 жыл бұрын

I hope you know that I intend to create a database that includes both the global village construction set files and your whole page. I'm trying to make a real world crafting menu, and that starts by filling out the info panels with wiki data that leads to things like these videos. AR-IRL-UI glasses with a full list of the periodic table of elements and how each interacts with each other, as well as how to make it which is where you come in

@mylestechnological7031

2 жыл бұрын

Where is that sulfur mine at because I need some sulfur

@keijac82

2 жыл бұрын

It seems like this subject would make for a good NileRed collaboration.

You can call the fire your "dark age" or your bronze age collapse.

@donovantownshend8783

2 жыл бұрын

l can't wait for the renesance

@ChrisLeeW00

2 жыл бұрын

How to make everything includes How to recover from a natural disaster.

@jamareethornton9493

2 жыл бұрын

exactly

@Smile4theKillCam456

Жыл бұрын

@@donovantownshend8783 Renaissance

@CharChar2121

Жыл бұрын

I can't wait to see him build an engine.

"oil of vitriol" also known as "angry salad dressing" :)

@lairdcummings9092

2 жыл бұрын

Aggressive hand wash

@pandoratheclay

2 жыл бұрын

malicious water

@professorvaudevillain

2 жыл бұрын

I would think "Angry Salad Dressing" would be glacial acetic acid! Stuff is NASTY.

@UnrelatedAntonym

2 жыл бұрын

As someone who's an alchemy enthusiast and who took two years of Latin, I loved this joke. :p

@tylersmith9868

2 жыл бұрын

Sulfuric acid

Should've used distilled water, the trace minerals in regular water are slightly basic and so they'll react with some of your acid to make salts.

@user255

2 жыл бұрын

Meh, the amount of minerals is so tiny it doesn't matter.

@erikjohnson9223

2 жыл бұрын

@@user255 Depends on the source. Hard water (carbonates from limestone) is common. On the other hand, supposedly de-ionized water in a lab I know has a pH below 6.0, probably due to carbonic acid (carbon dioxide from air dissolving in the water).

@TheFloatingSheep

2 жыл бұрын

​@@user255 Drinking water, be it from a tap or other sources can have a pH of anywhere between 6.5-8.5, while distilled water has a pH of 7. Worst case scenario not using distilled water can cost you a 1.5 pH increase but then considering he also concentrated the samples and whatnot, it could add up, given it's such a small amount of acid, and a pretty weak solution of it at that.

@erikjohnson9223

2 жыл бұрын

Concentrated sulfuric acid carbonizes paper and flesh not merely because of the acidity but especially because it is extremely hygroscopic (greedy to mix with water). It will steal water from carbohydrates like cellulose, leaving the carbon behind (also generating lots of heat, which speeds up the destructive reaction). It is this more virulent than hydrochloric acid, which is equally strong as far as pH goes.

@user255

2 жыл бұрын

​@@erikjohnson9223 Even with hard water, it is completely neutralized by ~100 mg of H2SO4. That is not the culprit for low success.

My first job as a chemical engineer was as a startup process engineer for a sulfuric acid plant in an oil refinery. We burned H2S supplemented with molten sulfur, along with recycled sulfuric acid. The plant was an amazing feat of materials engineering, ranging from refractory bricks, bare steel, lead sheets, and massive fiberglass ducts. As far as industrial scale production of sulfuric acid, this was a tiny, special purpose plant, just targeted to produce sulfuric acid for use in the refinery.

@richdobbs6595

2 жыл бұрын

Thinking back 40 years on what I did as a process engineer involved in startup of a brand new plant using technology imported from our partner (Monsanto), I figure about 90% was just learning the technology - both from theory and the equipment being installed. Maybe about 5% was actual work like preparing operational materials, making sure instruments were installed and working, and about 5% training operators based on 4 years of college and stuff I had just learned myself. And learning from the operators and foreman from their years of practical experience in other units!

@scoobysnacks1793

2 жыл бұрын

Very interesting

@joshuaworley3898

2 жыл бұрын

It probably would be best to boil the iron pyrite and bubble air into it and immediately distill off the acid produced.

@Wakwise

2 жыл бұрын

as a first year chemical engineering major... this is very exciting

@richdobbs6595

2 жыл бұрын

@@Wakwise Where are you going to school? I did undergraduate at University of Minnesota and graduate at University of Colorado.

Hi, I'm an amateur chemist, so anyone corrects me if I'm wrong, but I had an idea for creating a higher yield of SO2. First, use the somewhat pure Sulfur. Sulfur burns in the air to make Sulfur dioxide, therefore if you had a container with one hole to pump air into the system and an exit hole where the SO2 is bubbled into the water. This also has the advantage of any oxygen that didn't react with the Oxygen would help convert the Sulfurous acid into Sulfuric acid. To pump the air into the apparatus you could use a bellow that can take in outside air when pressurising to burn the Sulfur.

I love the approach to the rebuilding. Narratively it makes a lot of sense. There has been no progress on this earth without set back. Still here for episode 1,000 of the series when you build your own laser cannon.

So glad you're back to regularly scheduled programming after everything that happened.

@kingmasterlord

2 жыл бұрын

My man said f*** a lab fire, f****** insurance we out here to learn how to make everything

@randomCoolGuy

2 жыл бұрын

It really makes me happy seeing such a nice guy doing what he likes and getting paid for it. Not letting life stand in his way. I wish him the best

@matrixmeme482

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah the switch was seamless

@SoRa228

2 жыл бұрын

What? What happened to him?

@kingmasterlord

2 жыл бұрын

@@SoRa228 his whole shit burned down and insurance didn't want to pay for it

Imaging the alchemists even dehydrating the CuSO4, "by the power of merlin and the element of fire you shall be white " lmao

@knuckle12356

2 жыл бұрын

Drama kids + science knowledge base = alchemists.

@CraftAero

2 жыл бұрын

* by the pow(d)er of Merlin...

Blueberry skins also produce a PH sensitive compound very similar to the purple cabbage. They also taste way better in my opinion 😉

so glad you're doing allright, hope you regain what you lost and strive for more, thank you for hanging in there for us

@garethbaus5471

2 жыл бұрын

How about a grain dust explosion?

13:40 - I don't recognise that alchemy symbol, how mysterious

6:44 - from on Andy to another, well played with the "Wilhelm Scream"!

This video contains a ton of work and effort to make. The farming, collecting, trying to make acids for over 2 or 3 years now. Thanks for sharing with us all the work you've been up to boss !

as a chemistry major I find it really cool that you can make a pH indicator out of cabbage lol

Went from Dr. Stone to breaking bad really quick

@IllustriousElucidation

2 жыл бұрын

But they made literal *drug* in Dr. Stone, though? ...sulfa drug, that is.

@mastershooter64

2 жыл бұрын

@@IllustriousElucidation I don't think you know what the word drug means, a drug is a chemical substance that produces a change in your physiology or psychology when in enters your body. so the everyday medicine people take are also called drugs, most of the time that's what people mean, but yes illegal addictive substances such as heroin and methamphetamines are also called drugs because they're a subset of what we call drugs.

Alchemists were basically the 'essential oils' people, except they had literally no access to a body of scientific work that didn't exist yet, and so made it up as they went along. Essential Oils people, on the other hand, _have_ access to this exhaustive body of work, still make it up as they go along, and remain fixed on the goals of extending one's life unnaturally and earning a hefty profit on the side. Only one of those two has succeeded so far.

@cahallo5964

2 жыл бұрын

no

@codyashcraft7983

Жыл бұрын

100 percent accurate

@DobleWhiteAndStabley

Жыл бұрын

Keep in mind 'essential oil people' is used in the same manner as 'conspiracy theories'. Basically, anyone who disagrees with a person can be called a 'conspiracy theorist' or 'essential oil person'.

@cvspvr

Жыл бұрын

i'd say both of them have succeeded. the essential oils people are motivated by profit and there're plenty of gullible schmucks out there

You might also consider trying to make a Nickel-iron battery; you've made potash before, so the main trick would be making nickel and iron plates in the right shape. Optimal designs involve nickel plating on steel (for conductivity and durability) but I'm sure a more primitive design is possible.

There's a book out there called Caveman Chemistry written by a college chem teacher. A lot of your projects he was able to recreate including making sulfuric acid. Great read and teaches a little alchemy along the way

Your iron contamination is preventing sulfuric acid formation. You are making more iron sulfate. Your yield will improve greatly by adding potassium nitrate to the copper sulfate or sulfur. You really need quartz or porcelain for the heating chamber. Alternative you can use lead and ceramic with lead being used for the 'chamber' to contain the SO2 as it is not very soluble in water and allowing it to oxidize in the vapor phase.

@user255

2 жыл бұрын

CuSO4 decomposes into SO3, so KNO3 doesn't help with it. Otherwise I fully agree.

@vali_bg5234

Жыл бұрын

@@user255 Doesn't SO3 decompose at 600'C and CuSO4 decompose at 650'C, so the SO3 would decompose into SO2 and O2 pretty much immediately?

@user255

Жыл бұрын

@@vali_bg5234 I haven't checked the temperatures you give, but it is quite irrelevant, since all the KNO3 does is provide oxygen to the reaction.

Interesting that alchemists were accidentally attempting atomic sciences, before we had a handle on chemical sciences. I wonder if transuranic elements were the 'Philosopher's Stone(s)' they were so desperately seeking.

@ryans3074

2 жыл бұрын

Interesting theory

@mastershooter64

2 жыл бұрын

Lol why? transuranic elements would just give them cancer. In my opinion the philosopher's stone is a particle accelerator lmao because it can literally turn lead into gold well at the rate of a few million atoms per second (which is extremely slow) but still it does!

Huh. I had heard that the invention of "gunpowder" was an accident by a cook. They where using salt peter, which really is used in some recipes, ended up with some charcoal in it, and accidentally spilled sulfur in the mix, or something like that. This seems "plausible", since a lot of weird things where "tried" in foods, and we even still use sulfur as a preservative (and anti-oxidant) today in foods.

@antiboyscout

2 жыл бұрын

salt peter as a term historically could refer to the chemical OR rocksalt, when it comes to cooking or preserving it's often the latter

@patrickelliott2169

2 жыл бұрын

@@Embassy_of_Jupiter I am aware. Its the main one used for corned beef (and is what gives that its unique flavor).

@A_piece_of_broccoli

2 жыл бұрын

salt peter is literally just potassium nitrate, which is a food preservative, and also a very explosive substance sold as fertilizer. when you realize the uses of one compound are great for more than just food, you tend to use it for everything lol.

@coryman125

2 жыл бұрын

@@A_piece_of_broccoli Is it explosive on its own? I thought it's just a good oxidiser that can be used to make explosive mixtures

@legolasdf1

2 жыл бұрын

Wasn't gunpowder first discovered with something mixed with substances from bat poop?

Glad to see you guys back! I hope the recovery the fire is going as well as it can. My daughter is going to be excited when i tell her there is a new video. Your work is her favorite part of both history and science. She learns things about both and has fun, and your videos always lead to countless questions about the subject matter.

The pyrite in water is viable for producing large amounts of sulfuric acid: the only limit is how much pyrite you can grind. To speed up the reaction you can keep it at a permanent low boil, with a water recycling condenser on top so you don't have to keep adding water to the bowl every few hours.

My lab instincts were screaming when I saw him holding that open topped beaker with no gloves or any protective gear whatsoever.

Dat Wilhelm scream on the cabbage execution tho. . . xD

The search for the philosopher´s stone also lead to the discovery of the first ever high explosive- gold fulminate. It actually 'turns' into gold after detonation, as the contained gold is dispersed in elemental form with the explosion´s gases.

@petevenuti7355

6 ай бұрын

Plasmonic purple smoke 😜

Accidentally creating the most useful tool for killing when trying to make an elixir of life is so ironic.

what i rather assume happend was someone somewhere did have a large container containing sulfiric water and the water did mainly dry out and suddenly the rest felt burning/wrong and that got them thinking. But with many things in the past we will never know for certain.

I truly love this channel and I love that even with years of work lost your still going. It’s very inspiring.

If you have sulfuric acid, you can use it to make other acids. sulfuric acid + Table salt = Hydrochloric acid. sulfuric acid + sodium or potassium nitrate = Nitric acid. Etc.

@pandoratheclay

2 жыл бұрын

then you mix both to get some of the gold out of stuff

@mikeg4972

2 жыл бұрын

@@pandoratheclay Good point, Aqua Regia.

@Slowly_Going_Mad

2 жыл бұрын

Maybe that's where they got the misconception of turning lead into gold.

I'm glad he is back

Thanks man. I enjoyed this episode. I like how committed this guy is to this channel.

So happy to see a new video! Thank you!

So happy you're back to making videos

Good to see one of your videos again. Thanks for being consistent

I clicked on this thinking it was a “how it’s made” video but this works just the same

glad to see ya back and at it man

Glad you’re back up and running. You gotta do a workshop/lab tour.

absolutely love your videos bro, especially these chemistry related ones

Thanks Andy, Hope you are doing okay after that whole ordeal!!! Glad to see a new video!

Good job on rebuilding and this is a fantastic idea and video.

This guy is a real life Skyrim character he’s leveled in everything

So glad your back

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid is a pretty big step up chemistry-wise.

Awesome video, dude. Always a pleasure.

Awesome work Andy, way to stay tough and continue making awesome content in spite of the challenges you have faced :)

Great to see the witty editing and sound effects are back! Great video!

Good to see you again

Another great video. Hope everything is going well after the fire. Luckily I recognize the city in the background and know all the nice people in your state will help.

12:50 - I bet early alchemists burnt the crap out of themselves (or their "assistants") all the time.

I remember reading "oil of vitriol" in one of Theodore grays book, classic.

"sulfer dust explosion" wow, thats a new horrifying way I learned that I don't wanna die from

@Iodine_53

2 жыл бұрын

but wouldn't it be also very badass to die in a huge blue flamey explosion!

Great to see you guys back. Can’t wait to see gunpowder and potentially cannons too.

Hey man, glad to see you're on your feet

Thank you for sticking to it!! We all love to see you back at it

Welcome back andy! hope you can recover soon and get the channel back up and running :D

How have I never seen this channel before? Instantly subbed. I'm gunna need this stone age knowledge soon.

Great video! Glad to see ya back! I wonder if your set up was not efficient due to the lack of oxygen? Maybe a small vent whole in the side with a small amount of air pushed though would help increase yields? Not sure though.

For some reason this video will do better than previous ones.

I worked in an acid factory for 3 years man that was a diffrent day at the office. great video 2x👍

damn ive been watching since like 20k subs and this is next level.

Great video!👍♥️

Who knew red cabbage would do that, amazing.These are the things i watch for.Great episode.

Gotta admire what your doing here -- playing the long game -- some science experiments take a long time, and this video looks like it's been years in the making and had some truly awful setbacks. Thankyou for your great science communication.

Happy Halloween

This is cool!

Great video

You can also use the juice from blue pea flowers, blackcurrant or blue berries to extract the anthocyanins as a universal pH indicator, especially if you can't find red cabbage juice in your area.

Welcome back!

Pretty cool video. Just one annotation for the concentration scale in the second to last chapter: pH doesn't work below 0. The scale is really only useful for 0-14. For anything higher than 1M solutions you should probably use g/L or mol/L

@onetom2222

2 жыл бұрын

I was wondering about that, the highest commercial pH i can find is 0. Can you give contect on why pH doesn't make any sense below 0? I get the concentration increases by a magnitude with each step, so why wouldn't it extend to negative numbers?

@IllustriousElucidation

2 жыл бұрын

@@onetom2222 Chemist here, making "Dr. Stone Chemistry Explanation" video in my channel. I think it's because for the instruments like pH meter, 0-14 is the linear zone where pH and voltage are linear to each other. Beyond that, the graph is not linear, screwing up the measurement even if negative pH is theoretically possible.

good luck cant wait to see the camera working.

Good to see you again.

@theblackbaron4119

2 жыл бұрын

What are you, some shop NPC from any RPG. What kind of dialogue opener was that.

If you are in a wet habitat and have trouble growing cabbage, elderberry juice is also a pH indicator. I often see Sambucus canadensis around the edges of swamps. (I tried foraging it, didn't like the taste so added lemon juice, and cleaned spills with a baking soda scouring paste, so got to see the various color states.). Of course, cabbage is reasonably cheap in grocery stores, which is not the case with elderberry anything.

One thing to make the process much faster would be to force air through the heated CuO3S, forcing the sulfur vapors through the water. Perhaps with a bellows of some sort? As it is I suspect a lot of the product remains in the reaction chamber without ever having any contact with the water, and even the product that makes it over only has the surface to react with, which would also slow it down. Great job on the episode!

@ 03:22 he says hydraulic acid, he's meant to say Hydrochloric

@ThermalCubes

2 жыл бұрын

Searched for this

tyvm

That red cabbage trick is awesome!

Loved the willhelm scream

I am so glad the camera survived👏

Notable. We are capable of transmutation. It’s what happens when you break apart atoms and particles. They reform into other elements and particles. The issue of course is that the return for the energy expended is not at all worth the elements you make. So lead to gold was possible, but also pretty wasteful.

@SilvaDreams

2 жыл бұрын

Well you have to think that gold in nature was formed in the heart of dying stars, notably larger ones as iron was too but it is the most common metallic element.

6:41 the way he picked that cabbage was scaringly similar to breaking someone's neck.

You can also use paper soaked in turmeric slurry and let dry to have a make-shift Ph tester.

i find it funny that i got my warby parker trial glasses in the mail then immediately watched the ad in this video

"johnny was a chemists son but johnny is no more, for what thought was H2O was H2SO4"

@gresmaster2279

2 жыл бұрын

Johnny is a puddle by now

I love how he keeps making sure he has his hat.

6:43 that Cabbage neck snap lol!

Fun fact: The most acidic “superacid” produced to date has an pH equivalent (known as the Hammett value, as conventional ways to determine acidity by H3O+ starts breaking down as you go into the negatives) of -21 to -23 (Fluoroantimonic acid) Additional fun fact: Number two on that list is named “magic acid” with H = -19.2

2:54 I’m literally doing this exact reaction in my O-chem lab on Monday

I love that you are making acid that takes years to make, it’s just a cool thing to think about.

how cool. I always wondered how people discovered acids.

funny thing bout that harry potter clip it was called the sorcerers stone in the states while the uk got the philosophers stone. thank you for everythin you do ^^

One of the best things about alchemy is it’s nature as an ancient form of metaphysical self-improvement with many of the “cryptic terms” being symbolic of things meant to make you more in tune with and able to learn about what could only be explained as higher-dimensional beings such as the soul of me & you. The philosophical side of alchemy saw the philosophers stone as the purification of the soul through spiritual practices & ritual usually non-religious so it had to be encoded to not be killed while doing it, and they even called the proto-chemists “puffers” as they would be at the billows for weeks trying to make gold when the reality was an encoded message.

@adebleswordfish

2 жыл бұрын

When it comes to ancient methods we underestimate the ability of ancient alchemists when it comes to actual chemistry, and they most likely used them in ways that would be very similar to modern ways too such as dyes, pigments, maybe explosives for mining as it would be in those environments naturally and possibly drugs. Oddly I also think it’d be possible they would use it for Baghdad batteries to make blimps and airships during times like the conquest of Alexander the Great and others earlier too.

Is this an old video or new video ? I'm rooting for you to bounce back

Ehhhhh! Time for good ol Sulfurina!!!! Get your silver dowsing spear ready!

Oh the handling of concentrated sulfuric acid without gloves or goggles! Because NileRed isn't here to scold you, I will.

HTME had its own Fire of the Library of Alexandria incedent, but I think Andy has bounced back better than humanity did.

You make it everyday. Now give my award

That wilhelm scream when he harvested the cabbage, lol!

its nice that everything isnt completely diyed in this video, makes it kinda like a codys lab video.