Breakpoint Chlorination, Explained | Orenda Whiteboard
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Breakpoint Chlorination and Shocking, Explained
blog.orendatech.com/breakpoin...
Breakpoint chlorination is the continual process of overcoming the oxidant demand of nitrogen compounds in water, which combine with chlorine. The "breakpoint" is the threshold of chlorine that indicates combined chlorine compounds (chloramines) have been reduced as much as they can be, and a free chlorine residual can now be formed. In other words, Breakpoint chlorination is the point where chlorine levels exceed the oxidant demand, and the water begins to build a residual of free available chlorine (FAC).
According to the Wisconsin Department of Health, chlorine disinfection cannot proceed until the oxidant demand has been destroyed (dnr.wi.gov/regulations/labcert.... If that's even partially true, it's very important to understand this oxidant demand, because chorine's primary purpose is to be a sanitizer and keep our water safe.
The chemical reaction that creates Monochloramine (NH2Cl) looks like this:
2NH3 + 2HOCl → 2NH2Cl + 2H2O
Ammonia + Hypochlorous Acid yields Monochloramine + Water
Further chlorination of monochloramine creates Dichloramine (NHCl2):
2NH2Cl + 2HOCl → 2NHCl2 + 2H2O
Monochloramine + Hypochlorous Acid yields Dichloramine + Water
And of course, even further chlorination yields the most noxious of chloramines that off-gasses from pools, Nitrogen Trichloride, aka Trichloramine (NCl3):
NHCl2 + 3HOCl → NCl3 + 3H2O
Dichloramine + Hypochlorous Acid yields Trichloramine + Water
All of these reactions depend on pH and temperature.
Chloramines are weak disinfectants-which is why they are referred to as disinfectant byproducts (DBPs). In fact, many water treatment plants add chloramines to their water as a secondary disinfectant. Albeit weak and slow, chloramines first contribute to the total chlorine levels because they help with disinfection. This, however, reaches a threshold where chlorine turns on chloramines, indicated at point (B). In other words, chlorine oxidizes all contaminants, which includes chloramines after point (B) on the graph. That’s why the total chlorine level drops with the addition of more free chlorine (the X axis on the graph).
The downward trend on the graph shows chlorine starting to “win the fight” against contaminants until it oxidizes all but the combined chlorine residual. This level of chlorine residual is shown on the graph at point (C). If chlorine cannot overcome the oxidant demand, your water’s chlorine demand rises, and the ORP drops. This would look like a more prolonged downward trend toward breakpoint, because breakpoint would be at a much higher dose of chlorine. When the chlorine can meet the oxidant demand, the water has reached breakpoint chlorination.
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Thank you really loved the you explained❤
Thank you, very well explained.
@OrendaTechnologies
4 жыл бұрын
Thank you, very good compliment!
beautiful explanation! Thanks
@OrendaTechnologies
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you
Thank you so much sir
@OrendaTechnologies
Ай бұрын
You are most welcome
Amazing vdo...very helpful
@jarredmorgan437
6 жыл бұрын
Thank you for watching!
@OrendaTechnologies
4 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
👍 well explained
@OrendaTechnologies
3 жыл бұрын
Thank you 🙂
How much do you recommend adding when refilling the pool?
@OrendaTechnologies
3 жыл бұрын
Purge dose of CV-600/700 is 32 fl.oz. per 10,000 gallons.
If it’s an enzyme, what pH and temperature range is it effective/ most effective at? Also a little confused about the whole superchlorination process. What chemically happens to trichloramine when you add a lot of chlorine? What happens when it’s ‘burnt’ out?
@OrendaTechnologies
4 жыл бұрын
Great questions. For enzymes, warmer, more agitated and oxygenated water is best. Cold water slows their reaction time way down. They become effective above about 65°F. Not sure how much the pH impacts enzyme activity, but we don’t know of a difference in performance within typical pool chemistry range (7.2 - 8.2). As for superchlorination, when trichloramine is created, it will off-gas and leave the water. Other disinfection byproducts will do the same, like trihalomethanes.
What’s the name of the enzyme you add to aid in reduction of chlorine added to achieve breakpoint?
@OrendaTechnologies
4 жыл бұрын
CV-600. It removes bather waste from water, but not nitrogen compounds like ammonia. CV-600 frees up HOCl to get through the breakpoint curve more efficiently.
is it possible two have two breakpoint in our curve? is yes which one id preferable in our design
@OrendaTechnologies
4 жыл бұрын
Interesting question. Not that we know of, but be aware that this breakpoint curve is a representation of what is happening constantly. It’s happening faster where chlorine is added and slower in parts of the water that have to wait for circulation to catch up.
If all my LSI parameters are optimal, and my pool is just bottoming out on chlorine, zero combined and free chlorine, how much should I add to get it to its normal range?
@OrendaTechnologies
2 жыл бұрын
LSI and chlorination aren’t directly related. Test for metals and phosphates. Most chlorine demand is due to some sort of oxidant, and/or rapidly reproducing algae.
Question : what happen if you put chlorine in the Ponds full of shrimp combine with waste Feed and plankton ? will the breakpoint longer ?
@OrendaTechnologies
2 жыл бұрын
No idea. We do swimming pool chemistry, and are not qualified for giving advice on water containing marine life. Sorry.
What is the new formula for adding chlorine if adding cv600? How much less chlorine?
@OrendaTechnologies
3 жыл бұрын
Enzymes help with non-living organics, which helps optimize chlorine against everything else, but enzymes do not directly reduce nitrogen compounds or anything living. The idea behind them, as it pertains to breakpoint, is to have more chlorine available for this process from the beginning. The real chlorine savings is against organics.
What's the difference of tap water reaching the temperature of Chlorine boiling point? Chlorine will evaporate?
@OrendaTechnologies
3 жыл бұрын
Hmm. That’s an interesting question... we actually don’t know if chlorine evaporates or breaks down in boiling temperatures. We can look into that though.
Hello breakpoint I'm just learning so stay with me here so basically when I get my Free chlorine, # and say it reads 4.2ppm and then I get the Total chlorine # 4.1ppm so basically i wouldn't need to shock or reach a breakpoint chlorination because my free is higher than my total which tells me their is no CHLORAMINES is this correct little confused ??? , chris M , thanks 👍
@OrendaTechnologies
3 жыл бұрын
Well, technically it's impossible to have those readings. Total chlorine (TAC) MUST be ≥ free chlorine (FAC). So if you have 4.1 total and 4.2 free, your test kit is incorrect. But yes if they were equal you would not have a nitrogen load requiring a shock to reach breakpoint chlorination.
What enzyme it is?
@OrendaTechnologies
4 жыл бұрын
Ithirstyforknowledge CV-600
This explanation of breakpoint chlorination is misleading, and is better understood from the perspective of potable water treatment plant operations. The unit of the x-axis should be the ratio of chlorine to ammonia (Cl2:NH3), as these ratios are what correspond to the peak and valley along the curve. Saying that "x" concentration of chlorine yields "y" concentration of chlorine residual is way oversimplified as it's not taking into account what else is in the water
@OrendaTechnologies
3 ай бұрын
That’s good input. This comes from aquatics textbooks but I like the idea of visualizing it better. We are always looking for better ways to explain concepts and make them understandable. Good feedback, thank you