Correction: `log` is a transcendental function, not a trigonometric function. (Side note: all the trig funcs are transcendental.) Transcendental means that the function cannot be described by a polynomial.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for clarifying. I had never heard of the term transcendental functions (The problem of learning my math solely to help me with my physics). I wish I could fix my videos after publishing.

@profjoshtan

2 жыл бұрын

While this is true, one can, of course, derive the logarithm using only trigonometric functions via infinite series! :)

@thomassynths

2 жыл бұрын

@@profjoshtan Sure, but the same can be said about using infinite polynomials. So to be more pedantic, the addendum is "finite polynomial". (Can also talk about coefficients needing to be a "rational" field, such as real rationals, complex rationals, etc... but simplifying here for the non-mathies.)

@thomassynths

2 жыл бұрын

@Arthur Fair enough. I've yet to read Wildbergers Rational trig, though I'm a fan of his channel.

@nasseemmuttur778

2 жыл бұрын

@Arthur , interesting to follow your debate. Am no mathematician nor physicist but just have an inerest in physics among many other subjects. I never stop learning. Greetings from Mauritius.

We had to write an essay on the first and second laws, we had thought we were finished until we watched this now we can rewrite making it a lot clearer how the ideas evolved and correctly attributing them , you're very good at getting the information across and I thank you very much for your work. I will be watching more!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

3 жыл бұрын

How do you like the video, sorry I made you do more work. I also videos on the origin of the first and second long as you might want to check them out as long as you’re changing things are ready and please tell me if I can help.

Bassi. You are just friggin' awesome. The most underrated channel on KZread.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Thanks - blushing now

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Jack, I decided to start with the life of Planck as that got the most votes AND I am going to Bologna in June to study more about Laura Bassi's life so I will probably make the video about her in July. I wrote more about it (and her) on Patreon: www.patreon.com/posts/my-next-video-is-33502544

Explaining the history just makes learning about science so interesting. Awesome!

4:42 Maxwell’s equations were derived very much from the experimental work of Michael Faraday. Faraday was a gifted experimenter, but he lacked the mathematical background (indeed, any kind of formal education) to make theoretical sense of his own empirical numbers.

@jaybingham3711

Жыл бұрын

Adding even more issues of dubious attribution to the mix as today's referenced Maxwell equations are actually Heaviside-Hertz derived equations.

I had to laugh when I heard "…but we already have a Planck's constant." Reminds me of Euler-how many things are named for or attributed to him? My favorite comment about Euler was that all of the things attributed to Euler should be named for the second person to have discovered them. Anyway, thanks for the wonderful survey of the history of the Thermodynamic Laws.

Extremely beautifully and masterfully explained by Kathy. Why Plank's equation was engraved on Boltzmann's tomb stone is one of paying respect out of indebtedness on the part of Plank, perhaps saddened by the death of a great man and teacher. Kathy you video sounded like music to my ears. Thank you.

As a student one of the subjects in my final undergraduate year was Statistical Mechanics. I was hugely impressed by the sheer brilliance of the reasoning involved. it is an intellectual tour de force. Thank you for presenting this history

Thanks for these very interesting stories. So often the historical context is missing from the teachings, which is a pity because it makes the study of science so much more colorful. It really struck me that the quantization concept emanated from kinetic gas theory, up until now I was made to believe it was only considered to explain the discrete character of spectral lines in relation to atomic theory. Your videos are so enlightening. Respect !

@jamesboulger8705

2 жыл бұрын

I worked very hard to understand the historical context because it helps tremendously if you write on these subjects.

@MrHARRYGOODNIGHT

2 жыл бұрын

The historical point of view also aids in the overall technical understanding of the subject. Kudos.

From watching this, I have come to appreciate for the first time why we focus on Boltzmann's H-theorem in spite of it not quite doing what many physics teachers who teach it claim it does. In classes where the H-theorem is taught, it is often argued that it proves the second law of thermodynamics. A bit of judicious searching the internet will find all sorts of debunking of that claim and, indeed, it does not *quite* do such a thing. But it is weird that it is a topic, then, in so many statistical mechanics courses. Why this weird theorem that doesn't really have much practical application beyond its cute result? Well, one possible answer struck me when watching this video. This is the work that Planck identified as being the first invocation of the logarithm in relation to statistical mechanical properties. So it is an homage to primacy rather than anything truly fundamental. This is why I like this channel. In my physics education, I was taught superficial anecdotes about a lot of this history which gave almost hagiographic accounts of discovery and scientific advancement. Kathy approaches the subject from a much more contextual approach that uncovers some of the weirdness and arbitrariness that still infects our choice for approaching physics to this day. Thank you for this channel!

This was so good. Please do Bohr's model and then Planck. But I'll probably watch all four if you do them.

Love Boltzmann ❤️❤️❤️ I’ve been obsessed with Thermodynamics for sometime now. It’s both fascinating and disturbing. Can’t get enough!!! RIP Ludwig!!! The world wasn’t ready for you in your time but your ideas are common knowledge now. More Thermodynamics pretty please. ❤️

This was pretty awesome! Great history here. I always thought Boltzmann came up with it. My respect for Planck grows even further.

@Anna_Swamy_Nageshwar

9 ай бұрын

my respect grown h times

This was my favorite video of yours so far!

Thank you! So clarifying! Your explanations shine like a sun in my mind! 🙏🙏🙏

Your work should be on the freshmen curriculum for every STEM course! I was lucky to have a physics and an optical physics instructor much like this, starting from the basics and open our eyes.

Love your videos explaining the history and especially all the interplays between the main characters. Well done and please keep it up!

Only recently discovered your videos. Been enjoying them. It's important to get the history right. Thanks

Your videos (all of them) are nothing short of fascinating, not least for the amount of work you put into finding the facts and their lineage - Thank you very much.

I find myself becoming deeply absorbed in your articles, with an ever-increasing enthusiasm. Keep it up - you are a gem.

@jgboyer

2 жыл бұрын

My sentiments exactly, Kathy is enlightening!

Your 'lectures' are absolutely delightful.

As I don't like Entropy that much, I cannot consider this episode the best of all the more than good ones you created. It's a bit too much content for a single video to me. Keep up adding your excellent work. Cheers

Your channel is great and unique!!! I just got here and i'm marveled with the context you put to scientific discovery and how people made the theories. Thanks and keep up this great work, it's not easy to find these informations. It would be good if you put your sources on the vídeo description for those willing to research on their own as well.

A video on Bohr's model would be awesome!

I have only just discovered your channel. It is awesome.

thank you. this kind of historical context makes clearer even the math of thermodynamics. great video.

Ooooh Kathy, you are spoiling us! Another fantastic entropy video - many thanks!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Anything for you Robert

Wow! I've just discovered this channel. Amazing piece of history. Amazing piece of work by Kathy. I think it is important to understand the historical context of physics, which is often disregarded, as we pursue of the fundamental laws of nature.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

2 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it

So all of those years we were wrong!! From today I will introduce students Boltzmann entropy equation is actually Planck Entropy equation. And Thanks to this channel, I learn many truth about Science!!

Love your video. Thank you for post it here.

You put so much energy into your videos.

Please make a video on Edwin Hubble and George Lamaitre and how Mr Hubble didn’t believe in the Doppler effect explanation of redshift

These videos are incredibly interesting and unique, thank you

I can't believe i've never seen your channel! I have loved videos about the history of scientific discoveries for years! This video especially was very interesting :)

Love, love, love! And your enthusiasm is also the best. I've always thought that physicists have the best sense of humor.:))

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

Жыл бұрын

I often think we have the worst sense of humor but I may know too many physicists 🤣

Awesome loved all the illustrations.

Kathy, thanks for your interesting video ! this is awesome ! you explained the history that always skip in the class...

Kathy makes physics history fun to listen and learn. Thank you

Madam you are awesome. Ive been out of university since 1999, working as an electrical engineer now. Your videos make me go back in time and question what i have learned. In a good way! Thank you for your videos...

love your videos, show them to my students. thank you

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

3 жыл бұрын

a1m1i1r1g1a1l I’m so glad. What kind of classes may I ask?

I just found your channel. Thank Thank You. Oh my this is wonderful. Alas how could anyone give these a thumbs down.

Wow! From Spain, all my respect and gratitude. I always thought that the historical development of knowledge is an essential ingredient towards its comprehension. Your videos are amazing 👏👏👏👏

@jesussanchezherrero5659

Жыл бұрын

Yo también

I love your videos soooo much! Great information and charming enthusiasm!!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Codeman T thanks.

This is so cool to hear. Like someone else said below, we learn all the science out of its original context. Really really interesting to learn the dynamic personal interplay that resulted in the seeming magic of modern physics.

Back after a PBS vid. Go get ‘’em Gal! Your narrative surpasses the pros! Thanks for being awesome!

This is a great video!!! Thank you for sharing your knowledge! :D

Really great delivery that I greatly enjoyed ... more please 👍🙏👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

3 жыл бұрын

You got it!

Thanks a lot for posting this wonderful clip

The real joy you bring is not dependent on anything you say… you are electricity… I enjoy so much your grasp of truth

I love you Kathy. Curious of your references, sources.

Great story telling! Thank you!

your channel is brilliant!

best physics channel on youtube. Rare passion for thermodynamics right here

Awesome ! Please keep making stuff like this ♥️

this channel is just awesome!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

Fascinating!... as always! Finally found the source of why Quantum Mechanics was created!

I really enjoy your videos. As a metallurgist these names and formula were my bread and butter at school but I never knew the history behind them. Thank you and please keep up the good word.

@vibratingstring

2 жыл бұрын

Exactly! Gibbs-Duhem equation, Boltzmann's constant, Carnot-Clausius theorem, Curie temperature, Debye tempurature, Maxwell-Boltzmann equation...Nernst heat theorem, Neumann-Kopp rule, Taylor's theorem, Schottky defect, Wulff plot...Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus---alll of them have stories--and many more!

Ty for a great series

I can clearly see the passion you have for physics... Keep up the good work Do some episodes on classical mechanics

Wonderful video Kathy!

Enlightning story on Boltzmann's constant. Thanks.

Been on KZread since 2007 and never bothered to subscribe to anyone but holy smokes, that was awesome! Do them all, I'll watch them all. Fantastic explanation of a side I'd never known before (read Louisa Gilder's Age of Entanglement, which picks up more or less where you leave off here). Fantastic! Thanks

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

3 жыл бұрын

Wow what a lovely compliment (and I guess I need to check out the Age of Enlightenment book)

50 years ago I was taught college physics by the sequence kinematics, dynamics, electromagnetics, and finally a little quantum theory pulled more or less out of thin air. Thermodynamics was taught as a minor theory of gasses and heat engines. Today I believe thermodynamics is far more fundamental and I wish I had studied it in more depth. Modern hot topics like black holes and theories of the universe rely heavily on thermodynamic principles. Incidentally the main reason Planck calculations were so accurate is that precise optical measurement devices were developed at the time for the new electrical lighting industry.

That was an incredible and mesmerizing video! Thank you, Prof. and... What is that beautiful painting on the wall?

I’m so glad you don’t shy away from a little math.

Absolutely delightful. Thank you very much for your thorough and comprehensive research. I'm currently self studying Statistical mechanics and the relationship between quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics often confused me (mainly because of the intercalation of them, I was unsure if what ideas and/or experimental results inspired the respective equations). Although this is not a university Lecture and you didn't explain the maths, trust me that you really helped me a lot in my studies.

OMG! My new favorite KZread channel!

Bohr. Tho, I'd love to see Gibbs to have this taken to the modern era. He also influences the development of radio which might help with your upcoming vid on TV. Cheers! Great work :)

Wow very well explained!

This was a terrific video! Thank you Kathy! I vote for Bassi too.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it. Now I don't know what I would prefer to win as I want to make all 4 videos next. Hrmm.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

I decided to start with the life of Planck as that got the most votes AND I am going to Bologna in June to study more about Laura Bassi's life so I will probably make the video about her in July. I wrote more about it (and her) on Patreon: www.patreon.com/posts/my-next-video-is-33502544 (you don't have to be a Patron to read the page)

I’m reading Schrödinger’s What is Life and this really helps the background

Very nice explanation, thank you for the video. I'd like to add that the reason the scientific establishment in Vienna (not Germany) didn't like the idea of molecules was that they were influenced by the instrumentalist philosophy of Ernst Mach. For them, the unobservable entities proposed in scientific theories (e.g. molecules) were just "useful instruments" to explain sensorial phenomena and said nothing about reality itself. Thus, they opposed the treatment of molecules as real entities and didn't accept any further formulations on them, such as Boltzmann's. All of this also had a political aspect, as the newborn Austrian bourgeoisie knew it had to incentivize science to be able to compete with the rest of Europe but at the same time feared the atheist and atomist materialism of socialdemocrats, which threatened their power. Instrumentalism was for them a perfect solution.

@KevinOrePflucker

2 жыл бұрын

For instance, the alderman who you mention honored Boltzmann's grave, Julius Tandler, was a social democrat.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for that amazing analysis. I know nothing about philosophy but it is fascinating how philosophy and politics can alter science.

@vibratingstring

2 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics If you haven't already done it, there is all that craziness of the French Revolution--and greats on both sides. The great Laviosier died by the Guillotine!

@rayoflight62

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. If you note, all the current of neo-positivists headed by Wittgenstein declared that the entire realm of reality was exclusively based on what could be perceived, and made one big cauldron of tought - only theories. As a philosopher, I consider the neo - positivism a form of obscurantism, which placed a toll -albeit limited - on the progress of science and philosophy.

@rayoflight62

2 жыл бұрын

Guess why. As a scientist and representative of the Government, he determined that tobacco, to give the best smoking experience, had to be added 4% water. He was formally executed for selling adultered goods to the populace.

Madam you are incredible!! I am loving all your videos, please before history of physics melts away, continue what you do please

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much I’m not worried about the history melting away as much as me melting but thanks for the nice comment

@climbeverest

2 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics please I am loving Dirac and the start of positron, if you find more, please, also debroglie, planck, anyone who lived on the cusp 19-20th century, after 50s I think physics became so complicated, thanks!

Another excellent video.

I always thought that Television was invented by the Scottish engineer John Logie Baird, but Farnsworth did make it practical by being all electric instead of being a mostly mechanical device. Anyhow I vote for Laura Bassi, just because I've never heard their name before. Great video as always, thank you.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Count Dracula you are right. Technically Baird invented the first television and Farnsworth invented the fist all electric television and I should have said it that way (but the “television” invented by Baird is a far cry from what we think of as televisions whereas Farnsworth’s vision was pretty far reaching and advanced).

Great video as always, Kathy. Please do all the videos you mentioned. The order is not important, just their stories.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Will do Tim. Don't know how long it will take me but I will definitely make all 4 videos.

I don't mind your arms moving all over. At first it bothered me I must confess. Now I couldn't care less. The content and its delivery (pace, style, graphhics, etc) are absolutely captivating. Seriously, I don't mind. It's a part of the package that's totally fine with me.

I am a history addict, and this is like crack. Best stuff I've ever heard!.

Now try explaining Boltzmann's H-theorem, which (under certain assumptions of randomness) shows that a function H (related to entropy, as Planck agreed) always increases for a collection of molecules undergoing collisions. I understand it was controversial since it appeared at first to be based only on Newton's laws for collisions, which are time reversible, yet it gave an irreversible law. One of Lorentz's students, c1900, wrote a paper on this, trying to explain, for hard sphere collision dynamics, where the irreversibility comes from. As I remember it, that paper looked at how tiny changes in the initial conditions led to large changes in the outcome of collisions.

@footshot13

Жыл бұрын

Oh, the contributions of the female species. Through your efforts to highlight those fundamentals the bulbs would not be as bright and ( I too have no dog in the race.)But thanx the subject is enjoyable, and you make it so. William Dupree

Do all of them . Really interesting thanks

Wooooow. I loved it! Amazing video!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much!!

Fantastic work on scientific history. You should actually write a book on all your insights of the scientific history. You just made me realize that Planck is an even greater scientist than i thought. It is also easier to understand why he came to the conclusion: "Science advances one funeral at the time"

Wow. wow, wow, a great video again !

Thanks Kathy. Greetings from Colombia.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Camilo Rivera you are welcome. Cheers from San Francisco

Bohr's model :)

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Video after Planck's life. Will try to do both ASAP

P.S.: I LOVE the outtakes !!!

Well presented amiga.

How interesting! Thanks.

1. Theorist. 2. Experimenter. 3. Mathematician. Try to be all three when calling yourself a scientist. Never imagined history could be used to learn anything. An underrated discipline.

Great videos. As a grad student, we would take courses in Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics without any of the historical background. It's very interesting to see the evolution of these ideas and how people were thinking about things. As an idea for a future video, I'd love to know how Newtonian mechanics progressed into Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. We use the later extensively, but I'm not at all sure of how they were formulated. They seem to pop up out of nowhere in Mechanics courses like magic.

I want to hear you tell all of these stories! But if I have to choose, let's hear Bohr's Model. Your explanations of the history really gives my chemistry class the context it's missing to understand it.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

I will get to all of them eventually - promise.

I thought entropy was a word from long ago being repurposed but I looked and sure enough its first use was in 1867. Clausius wins an award for a cool name. We get to say this word all the time now.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

3 жыл бұрын

Clausius wins for a lot of things. Grossly underrated scientist IMHO. (not really a humble opinion to be honest)

@varahamihiragopu6667

3 жыл бұрын

​@@Kathy_Loves_Physics We call them Newton's three laws of motion, even though the first law was known long before Newton. The laws of thermodynamics should properly be name Clausius' Laws. But perhaps his luck is similar to that of Antoine Lavoisier, after whom the Law of conservation of mass was originally named, but later removed

I vote for Farnsworth, but that's just because the subject of TV interests me more than physics lol. Please make all and in the order you like. Great work and thanks!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it. Will take me a little while (like 3 to 6 videos) but I am going to get to Farnsworth soon(ish)

I had to take statistical thermodynamics as an undergrad. It was one of the last courses I took long after I had studied thermodynamics from a non-statistical or classical point of view. The professor was really good and made what could've been a horribly confusing topic somewhat comprehensible. I always marveled at that class because despite its name, the class devoted a big chunk discussing quantum mechanics (we basically derived Schrodinger's Equation from statistical thermodynamics). So, in a bizarre twist, even though I was not a physics major, I have had at least an intro to quantum mechanics. And for what it is worth, that class was much easier than my class on electromagnetism. Anyway, perhaps it was explained (I don't recall though), but now I understand the link between statistical thermodynamics and quantum mechanics and Planck's role. Max Planck's name was mentioned all throughout that course, and I grew to marvel just how brilliant that man must have been. I still have my notes and textbook from that class (even though it has been decades) because many of the derivations we did were quite literally works of art. I too have struggled to understand entropy. I know this comment is way late, but I think a follow up to this video that includes Claude Shannon's thoughts on entropy is definitely in order.

This is clear, accurate and informative.. well done. Not spoilt by the shadow of faulty reasoning brought into the subject of entropy by naturalists confusing it to push their philosophy. (nonsense like entropy is not disorder or information is entropy) Although she uses the Wikipedia which is totally confused about the definition of entropy and the second law the quotes used are all ok except one tiny detail. (it confines macrostates to gases only)

Thanks! Love the history. I remember his name but I love those ideas, I didn’t know they were his.

@pstark4

2 жыл бұрын

I wrote a joke opinion, thinking that youtube counts comments, ei opinions and polemics make you money. Shame all that wind is wasted in reddit when It could support content creators.

How interesting you make Physics, almost makes me wany to pick up where i left off 60 years ago!

a wow presentation

You're doing amazing work. I really appreciate how much effort you're putting in these videos. As for the next topic I would prefer Bohr's theory, but other's ideas seem fine too.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics

4 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it.

Hilarious! And very entertaining! :) Physics suddenly start to make so much sense to me! The argument about probability distributions & entropy having to be finite, thus requiring energy to be discrete, is so enlightening! Before today I've only heard "Planck just had to quantize energy to fit the data", which now feels so misleading and ignorant as for the fundamentals and understanding!