Black Holes and Neutron Stars: A Merger in Space

Ғылым және технология

The first detection of colliding black holes rocked the scientific world, establishing that gravitational waves are real and that we are able to measure them. More recently, scientists have achieved the first detection of colliding neutron stars, rocking the scientific world again and inaugurating the era of multi-messenger gravitational wave astronomy. In this program, astronomers and astrophysicists discuss the implications of these colossal cosmic mergers, what they create, and how they’re changing our view of the universe.
PARTICIPANTS: Duncan Brown, Vicky Kalogera, Frans Pretorius, Jocelyn Read
MODERATOR: Mario Livio
MORE INFO ABOUT THE PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS: www.worldsciencefestival.com/...
This program is part of the BIG IDEAS SERIES, made possible with support from the JOHN TEMPLETON FOUNDATION.
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TOPICS:
- Participant Intros. 00:00
- Is the detection of gravitation waves humankind’s greatest achievement? 01:35
- The first confirmed discovery of an Einstein black hole using gravitational waves. 04:19
- What happens when neutron stars collide? 07:06
- What is a quark? 09:55
- How do pairs of black holes or neutron stars collide? 10:20
- Stellar evolution. 14:34
- What is LIGO doing, how does it work? 15:20
- What are gravitation waves and what does their detection reveal to us? 19:25
- Simulation of how gravitational waves are formed from the collision of neutron stars. 22:17
- What is the ‘chirp’ and what does it tell us? 23:40
- How can pairs of neutron stars create tides, and what does it tells about the state of matter? 27:35
- How do you determine mass and spin from observations of black holes? 32:00
- What was observed in the SWIFT experiment? 34:55
- How do you make multiple coordinated observations of stellar events like the collision of neutron stars or black holes? 36:05
PROGRAM CREDITS:
- Produced by John Plummer and Laura Dattaro
You can help add a translation for this program here: kzread.info_vide...
This program was recorded live at the 2018 World Science Festival and has been edited and condensed for KZread.

Пікірлер: 88

  • @IslandArcConsulting
    @IslandArcConsulting5 жыл бұрын

    There should be more on this topic. It is the most amazing step forward in science. Mind boggling

  • @NG-VQ37VHR
    @NG-VQ37VHR5 жыл бұрын

    I’ve been watching a few older posts lately. One thing they had in common was the moderators chosen, were obviously chosen because they knew almost nothing about the subject. I guess the thought was that it would somehow make the content seem more accessible to the laymen that may be watching. This current format is so much better though, and allows the viewers to get vastly more out of it. I didn’t fully appreciate a moderator with a complete grasp of the topic until I sat through those older videos. The content is much more fulfilling this way.

  • @maurogg9682
    @maurogg96825 жыл бұрын

    Best science channel ever! Once again, thank you so much for such a fantastic board of participants.

  • @Inertia888
    @Inertia8885 жыл бұрын

    Just that it may even be possible to push atoms into a state so dense that there is no longer any distance between the orbitals and the nucleus is bowing my mind!

  • @roblaquiere8220

    @roblaquiere8220

    5 жыл бұрын

    Not only is it possible, but it happens... a lot. Neutron stars are some of the most likely objects to appear after normal mass stars go nova (Our Sun may become a neutron star one day). The matter inside neutron stars is so intensely dense that electron orbitals cannot exist. Electrons are forced into the nucleus such that only neutrons remain (protons and electrons are transmuted into neutrons by pressure and gravity). Neutron stars do not transmute every charged particle, so inside the NDM (neutron degenerate matter) are charged particles trapped into random places. Not only that, but NDM ought to trap magnetic field lines into place as well like a super-conductor... so any magnetic fields that existed when the neutron star forms get stuck inside it as well! Ironically, these processes make neutron stars some of the most intense electromagnetic objects in the sky. NDM is a unique form of matter unlike anything we know of... A neutron star is effectively an enormous nucleus, an isotope of element zero (zero protons per nucleus) that has 10^50 neutrons in it. A single atom and it is bigger than New York City and as heavy as the Sun. I am personally highly interested in NDM, because it has the possibility to do things other exotic material cannot. We can already see that NDM in motion causes frame-dragging, gravitational waves, and other relativistic effects. Perhaps we can use NDM as a mediator between an energy source and the gravity field... allowing a ship to dump energy into the gravity field around itself to accelerate. NDM drives just might be humanities first movement technology that doesn't rely of squirting mass out your ass end to move. 1. Use a tiny clump of charged NDM, and suspend it inside a vacuum. 2. Using magnetic fields, accelerate the charged NDM such that gravity waves are emitted from it. 3. Momentum is taken away from the NDM because gravity waves carry momentum. 4. As you pump momentum away from your ship and into the gravity field, your ship accelerates in the opposite direction because momentum is a conserved quantity. 5. Accelerate as long as you can continue to pour energy into the NDM via magnets. 6. ??? 7. Profit. A charged singularity can do this as well, so pick your poison. Both types of exotic material drives would be incredibly dangerous if destroyed... NDM or singularites would be floating along with the other debris, making destroyed starships some of the most dangerous places in the universe.

  • @aurelienyonrac

    @aurelienyonrac

    5 жыл бұрын

    Yes," the center is everywhere and the radius nowhere". That is how it is. How to experience that? Close your eyes. When is a sound heard? Without touching, can you feel the end of yourself? Without moving, do you even know what a foot feels like? You are everywhere and cannot perceive your limit.

  • @scottross1715

    @scottross1715

    4 жыл бұрын

    The govt described a ufo as having a neutronic engine. 🐞

  • @Imaginose
    @Imaginose5 жыл бұрын

    I'm interested in how time behaves in these mergers and how that affects the merger.

  • @aurelienyonrac

    @aurelienyonrac

    5 жыл бұрын

    at&t time warner merger ?

  • @quiet9500

    @quiet9500

    3 жыл бұрын

    First we have to explain : what is time?!

  • @-Sunny--
    @-Sunny--5 жыл бұрын

    I love youtube for this

  • @timdunk7278
    @timdunk72785 жыл бұрын

    Awesome presentation. Thank you

  • @herbertgratton8098
    @herbertgratton80983 жыл бұрын

    Good stuff, very educational. Thanks to all speakers.

  • @AnimusAstralis
    @AnimusAstralis5 жыл бұрын

    Is it wrong that I'm enjoing Vicky's accent even more than the event itself?

  • @okaythen27
    @okaythen274 жыл бұрын

    The gravitational waves are exceedingly small by the time they reach us, but how large are the waves just after they leave the merger?

  • @aurelienyonrac
    @aurelienyonrac5 жыл бұрын

    "Space-time is an active participant" more than that. There is only space-time. What looks like objects is space-time. Infinite variations of how space-time can appear.

  • @tudor9586

    @tudor9586

    5 жыл бұрын

    That's deep fella

  • @timdunk7278

    @timdunk7278

    5 жыл бұрын

    OK Einstein...

  • @kostantinosdemopoulos8907

    @kostantinosdemopoulos8907

    5 жыл бұрын

    Ummmmm... NOT... totally missed , His, and THE point/ description/ assessment/ realization... ....but ....watevs

  • @Bitchslapper316
    @Bitchslapper3165 жыл бұрын

    I like this Mario Livio

  • @tectzas
    @tectzas4 жыл бұрын

    Man, Jocelyn Read is beautiful and smart too!

  • @dadsonworldwide3238
    @dadsonworldwide32385 жыл бұрын

    Can atoms be compressed in labs similar to nutron stars do and I had hoped to hear how would a nutron star and bh collision be like? Does the bh simply peel and stretch them as it does stars or is it a actual collision exploding as to combing by or nutron stars do.

  • @aurelienyonrac

    @aurelienyonrac

    5 жыл бұрын

    Black hole + neuton star= from our perspective the neutron star gets spaghettifyed, a good part is spited out by the north and south of the black hole. The rest is integrated into the even horizon, making it grow (as it cannot deepen, it is already at it's full potential)

  • @overclock1993

    @overclock1993

    5 жыл бұрын

    The condition is so extreme which we could never reproduce an experience in lab. However, if we can get close to black hole and observe the data, we can simulate the event.

  • @ARSHDEEP-bx2sj

    @ARSHDEEP-bx2sj

    3 жыл бұрын

    We are not concious enough yett

  • @snivesz32
    @snivesz323 жыл бұрын

    Q about LIGO: If gravitational waves change spacetime which affects distance why would light not also be affected similarly? Why is a local variation in spacetime detectable?

  • @pauljohn5584
    @pauljohn55844 жыл бұрын

    It occurred to me that maybe the best way to describe this audio black hole "chirp" is to imagine the striking of a bell that Franz described but it reverse. I can, and do all the time, record sources with a sharp transient that has its own "ring down" time- if I reverse the whole audio waveform you get this speed up of the ring down to the transient and then nothing. That isn't the way these detectors actually measure the waves since the ring down time has information in it that these scientist study... But I think it's a good way of describing the "chirp" aspect to us lehmans.

  • @LegendVVIP
    @LegendVVIP5 жыл бұрын

    Super

  • @enlongchiou
    @enlongchiou5 жыл бұрын

    Proton is a black hole too by strong force g(p) = (m/pm)^2*g = 1,13*10^28, it's radius 8.8*10^-16(meter) equal to g(p)*(4*3.14/3)*pm/c^2.(pm, g, c, m equal to 1.67*10^-27(kg), 6.67*10^-11, 299792458(m/s), 2.17*10^-8)

  • @oortcloud8078
    @oortcloud80784 ай бұрын

    Far be it for me to correct these eminent scientists on there explanation of tidal forces, but as I don't expect any reply, then why not! When two black holes orbit each other around a barycentre. The system isn't closed, and energy is lost to the surrounding space in the form of gravitational waves. Therefore the angular momentum is not conserved. The objects move closer together and speed up, and tidal forces increase. In the Earth/Moon system, orbiting around their barycentre, is closed, the angular momentum is conserved. The rotational energy is converted into tidal energy, and lost in the form of friction on the Earth. The Earth and Moon move further apart and slow down, and the tidal forces decrease. The Earth is not pulled towards the Moon, leaving a tide on the side farthest away, as the moderator mentioned in the lecture. Thank you.

  • @hawzhinblanca
    @hawzhinblanca5 жыл бұрын

    thanks, but i'm sure most of us is okay with more scientific and deeper description from scientists

  • @erictaylor5462
    @erictaylor54625 жыл бұрын

    I imagine that telling advanced aliens that we have detected gravitational waves would be like someone from our past telling us, "We can make fire on purpose!" They would likely be that much more advanced than we are compared to the earliest apes you could say were human. Though they may be much closer to us, I can't imagine they'd be less than a couple of hundred years ahead of us. Of course a more accurate accomplishment would be, "We are pretty good at killing each other."

  • @ARSHDEEP-bx2sj

    @ARSHDEEP-bx2sj

    3 жыл бұрын

    Its all about conciousness, our ancestors where given the gift of conciousness so that they can become like themselves (Gods). Only difference in the people living on earth and a distant civilization would there perception of reality. We are not concious enough figure out the ways of the God who permeates in everything we see everything, hows does it work?? Question everything you will find the answers (thats my take from this amazingly vast universe) I have alot to say but words cant explain my perception of reality. So, next step in the humanity could be explaining anything to anyone.

  • @elijaguy
    @elijaguy2 жыл бұрын

    25:45 they had lots of fun, now they went to sleep.

  • @miroslavpekalev6319
    @miroslavpekalev63195 жыл бұрын

    So we measure g-waves cause we're in the same plane and out of the way of rotation axis - we're in a safe place. But we also witnessed collisions, being above or beneath them as radio bursts. So could we predict that sort of collision at a dangerous proximity well in advance so that we could consider our options? I'd really like to keep the atmosphere, but if not - could at least start stockpiling oxygen tanks and pressure suits. =)

  • @mangalores-x_x

    @mangalores-x_x

    5 жыл бұрын

    Those galactic calamities come at us at light speed so we are pretty much screwed.

  • @SaintJohnVideo
    @SaintJohnVideo5 жыл бұрын

    Would you please edit out the moderator and re-upload? WSF is one of my favourite channels, but the guy who keeps interrupting made this video unwatchable. The guests seem incredibly interesting and informative, and the topic is exciting, I hope to be able to watch it.

  • @mirko1989
    @mirko19895 жыл бұрын

    - what would happen if those waves had a bigger period and amplitude ? would it disturbe/destroy matter in any way , would it kill us by passing through ? What would it look like ? i guess we would not feel a thing , right ?

  • @overclock1993

    @overclock1993

    5 жыл бұрын

    It would have not enough energy. The physical material in the universe only took 20% of the universe. The rest is dark material and dark energy.

  • @253abd
    @253abd4 жыл бұрын

    Would like twice if i could, 1 for knowledge and humo!

  • @brianmattsson3263
    @brianmattsson32635 жыл бұрын

    i har 20 procnt ret og de 15 er pga. Albert kan i ikke selv finde på noget ?

  • @ahmetmutlu348
    @ahmetmutlu3482 жыл бұрын

    But the problem is merging black holes indicate some standard physics compatible characteristics of black holes... They move the merge... Standard Newtonian matter dynamics i mean ....🙈

  • @chakreshsingh
    @chakreshsingh5 жыл бұрын

    Can someone please help me understand.. "why" does matter deform the space-time fabric? Why does the Sun form a dent?

  • @blakevisor7643

    @blakevisor7643

    5 жыл бұрын

    You think you're asking a simple question, but basically you're inquiring into the exact nature of gravity and it's relation with energy. A simple answer is the since mass equals energy (E = mc2), the concentration of energy causes space-time to become inhomogenous (i.e) curved or distorted. This doesn't occur only via the action of mass, any energy (even the so-called mass-less photon) exerts gravitational force by distorting space-time. WHY it does so, is an explanation that requires a working quantum theory of gravity, which we don't as of yet, have. We just know that it DOES behave that way, the WHY can only be expressed in an equation which explains the how gravity behaves on a quantum level.

  • @chakreshsingh

    @chakreshsingh

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@blakevisor7643 Thanks a lot.

  • @danzuck8936
    @danzuck89365 жыл бұрын

    Black holes can have charge. Or else their spin would produce no magnetic field.

  • @naimulhaq9626
    @naimulhaq96265 жыл бұрын

    Rather than just detecting gravitational waves and recording the chirp, physicists are not interested in obtaining information regarding to the black holes themselves or neutron stars or its magnetic field or what happens to a BH when it collides with a neutron star or vice versa etc. Physicists even do not know how to decipher the chirp or what information can be retrieved from the collision.

  • @mangalores-x_x

    @mangalores-x_x

    5 жыл бұрын

    That's okay because I cannot decipher the meaning of your sentence. What are you even trying to say? Blind guess answer: You are wrong.

  • @smashu2
    @smashu25 жыл бұрын

    The black hole does not emmit any sound the sound is made up using the frequency of the gravitational wave.

  • @Inertia888

    @Inertia888

    5 жыл бұрын

    tell me if I explain this correctly. sound is a wave propagating through the air, whereas gravitational waves propagate through space-time.

  • @carlwilson1779

    @carlwilson1779

    4 жыл бұрын

    Sound carnt travel in space

  • @grahamhurlstone-jones5664
    @grahamhurlstone-jones56642 жыл бұрын

    Got more for you guys to show how accurate we are......Legacy of the LIGO Lunacy

  • @factsheet4930
    @factsheet49305 жыл бұрын

    I hoped to learn something I didn't know yet, but sadly no :(

  • @ARSHDEEP-bx2sj

    @ARSHDEEP-bx2sj

    3 жыл бұрын

    teach me everything

  • @jameso1447
    @jameso14473 жыл бұрын

    If space-time is rippling/stretching, then the light waves traveling across that space would also be stretched and LIGO would not work. Their model is wrong. What is changing is the speed of light. The length of the tunnel does not change.

  • @loyertamara
    @loyertamara5 жыл бұрын

    ....moving on.

  • @remyobanor2944
    @remyobanor29444 жыл бұрын

    Isn't a black hole and a neutron star just 1 and the same?? A black hole is just a very huge massive neutron star.... A neutron star so massive.. so big.. (low rotation/spin speed due to its size, but insane gravity) that light around it gets warped and sucked in.. creating a visual illusion of a black hole for a distant observer. Or... a neutron star... soooooo small (3 times the mass of a star. Which would make the neutron star spin so fast... resulting in the visual illusion we known as the blackhole. To me a blackhole is the absence of light. Something is not even letting light escape from it. And influences the light around its body, causing a visual disturbance. To me a neutron star has the potential to have these properties.

  • @timkerstetter8454

    @timkerstetter8454

    3 жыл бұрын

    No , black holes are imploded stars , but they usually are nuetron stars that become the black holes instead of reaching super nova . Did I explain that right.

  • @KplusU
    @KplusU5 жыл бұрын

    Oh Jocelyn Read, so hottt!

  • @Sir0mosh0Alot

    @Sir0mosh0Alot

    5 жыл бұрын

    my thoughts exactly! 😎

  • @TheRudraCool
    @TheRudraCool5 жыл бұрын

    Aliens : LoL. We can produce them.

  • @overclock1993

    @overclock1993

    5 жыл бұрын

    They would say "Oh! This is a scientist exercise for our 5 years old kid. Well done human! You do your homework." Hahahaha.

  • @AFTKASA
    @AFTKASAАй бұрын

    🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉

  • @localrachel
    @localrachel Жыл бұрын

    FFS.... how many more years do we have to wiat until they actually realise that everything is a field: light is a field (illumination travels on this!), magnetism is a field, gravity is a field....

  • @olaola-sv5qq
    @olaola-sv5qq3 жыл бұрын

    Basically so what they are saying is that they can now detect when someone came into this universe. From another universe...That's a bit impressive I must say.

  • @Incognito-vc9wj
    @Incognito-vc9wj4 жыл бұрын

    I don’t like that the host lectures the audience and interrupts the guests. I understand he’s clarifying points for those who may have difficulty following, but he should ask the guests to clarify these points.

  • @susanchaffee1194

    @susanchaffee1194

    3 жыл бұрын

    I agree! Unwatchable. It’s like moderator has to show off his smarts to these young bright experts.

  • @tuantuan6509

    @tuantuan6509

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@susanchaffee1194 yep, he could make the 'show' alone haha instead of inviting them uselessly. pity

  • @bolinar6434
    @bolinar64345 жыл бұрын

    these are ok video but that pre claping is just bad.

  • @dominikgatarek8955
    @dominikgatarek89555 жыл бұрын

    Grandpa is trying too hard.

  • @aurelienyonrac
    @aurelienyonrac5 жыл бұрын

    7:00 "black holes punch a hole thought the fabric of space-time" There in no through. Like there is no before the big bang. Like there is no smaller than the plank scale. From our point of view it is just emptiness, void.

  • @nihlify

    @nihlify

    5 жыл бұрын

    Not true

  • @Inertia888

    @Inertia888

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@nihlify I understand a black hole to be the stretching of space-time to an infinitesimal point. do you have a different description?

  • @aurelienyonrac

    @aurelienyonrac

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@nihlify thank you, there is room for you. Please elaborate.

  • @aurelienyonrac

    @aurelienyonrac

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@urbannomad1797 what you say is deeper than you think. " I don't know" is wisdom. It is detachment From the world of form, objects. It is a deep realization, the universe cannot be known because that would be an other thought happening in the universe. Instead it can be experienced. Then yes every point is the center of the universe. You are one if the center of the universe. The big bang started 13.7 billion years ago, when did it stopped? It never did. This present moment is the big bang of 13.7 billion years in the future. Breath into the world, breath into yourself. Breath until the world and yourself are revealed to be one. Then enjoy breathing more just like the universe is inflating.

  • @aurelienyonrac

    @aurelienyonrac

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@urbannomad1797 ha ha ha ! Yes, we are alone in our thoughts. Together in the unknown.

  • @Jyotikumari-hq1ut
    @Jyotikumari-hq1ut5 жыл бұрын

    Hahahahahahahahahaha. Trash

  • @user-de5cl8vg8m
    @user-de5cl8vg8m5 жыл бұрын

    There is too much false theory here for any of this to be taken seriously. L. Dove Arbiter - Advanced Universal Law

  • @mikefugate1367
    @mikefugate13674 жыл бұрын

    OMG the girl with the legs and glasses , OMG ..... SO HOT

  • @rayertman
    @rayertman5 жыл бұрын

    This is worse than a late night infomercial. This must be a joke.

  • @spacegothgirl
    @spacegothgirl5 жыл бұрын

    This host needs to stop. Can't even finish this talk, it's just too cringy.

  • @tinabates542
    @tinabates5425 жыл бұрын

    All lies science wants more money

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