This is a fantastic look st re-imagining education, its about critical thinking, problem solving and solution based. There will be many problems the world encounters in years to come and with the advancements of technology we need to start thinking about education differently.

@innerbliss108

9 ай бұрын

Agreed. This lecture was amazing and I’m incredibly grateful. One thing that I think it important to point out is that there is a big difference in solution based learning and problem based learning. While they seem one in the same and they can be, I’ve noticed especially in politics, focusing on the problem solved nothing. We need to actively look for the solution. But the solution does lie in the problem. It is always important to focus on the positive change rather than the current problem or battle faced. For example I want to quit smoking. Instead of focusing on the problem that is smoking it is far better to focus on the solution that is whatever I am now able to spend my time doing in place of smoking that is more enjoyable and better overall. Lol decent example. I think the education system needs to adopt the entrepreneurial spirit as well. Real world application and passion! We learn best when we are playing or having fun. Edu system is backwards. Ancient Indian education system is the best

Exciting times!

Great talk!

EXCELLENT PRESENTATION!!

As forward thinking as this is, it's still not seeing a couple of things. 1) Designing training automatically puts the student behind the curve. An approved course of instruction is always late to the party, so the students might as well collaborate with the professors in the transfer and discovery of knowledge. 2) Immersion is only useful in academia. Once a person has entered the workforce, it is no longer appropriate because you can't just pull your employees out of the field to put them into full-time training.

What about the role of music, art, theatre, dance, sport, civics, in creating a rounded education for our future citizens? Or will only the voices of those who have an interest in science, engineering and technology be fostered and appreciated? Is education only about 'practical problem solving', as important as this is for our future survival? And can a lopsided education really provide the deepest answers to our questions and needs as human beings? Can it include important considerations about value, ethics, and meaning, which are more easily stimulated by study of the arts and literature? I prefer the approach of Ken Robinson, whose TED talks are among the most popular, an expert who argues that education needs to appreciate the talents, interests and abilities of all children, rather than just those who are attracted to STEM subjects.And, in case you think that this is backward thinking and irrelevant to today's society and global economy, the 'creative' thinking that such 'problem focused' education requires can only be encouraged if the brain and heart are stimulated by a healthy mix of subjects that engage all parts of our humanity. No wonder students from China and the east, who have opted for a largely science and technology based education, are now queuing up to attend western universities in order to make up for the lack of creativity and flexibility that their right brain education has caused.

@E-utube

5 жыл бұрын

Andrew French lol why u so triggered? U must be a teacher

@vsiegel

3 жыл бұрын

He is talking about things that are learned in the method of a teacher in front of a class today. Other areas are just unrelated to the talk. Theatre will be still on a stage.

@vsiegel

3 жыл бұрын

@@E-utube To the independent observer, it looks like you are triggered. That may be wrong of course. But I may be triggered by your comment.

Very good talk.

Excellent idea !!

What he said makes sense, although I feel like problem-based learning may be difficult to implement for some courses. For example, I teach undergraduate-level calculus, and one of my colleagues let students work in groups on example problems most of the time. Sometimes students just procrastinate or get stuck for a long time, which impedes her lecture progress. It would be interesting to see how we can implement problem based-learning for calculus while getting through the lecture material in a timely manner.

@katscandance

Жыл бұрын

It’s not LITERALLY “problem” based learning, where they just solve problems on a worksheet. It’s changing the entire structure of the learning course. The traditional method is “Learn a topic, repeat and memorize it, then apply that information to solve a problem”. The problem based learning method would be “Assign a problem, identify what info is needed to solve it, apply info to solve the problem”. Because with technology advancing, memorization is not as important as applying the knowledge.

@hamedhameed6563

10 ай бұрын

@@katscandance I agree with you

That is a brilliant solution to the problem of current day education.

Excellent!

@judifalcao2590

7 жыл бұрын

.

Great talk!!!

Even though Google seems to have all of the answers, we still need knowledge. It's much more difficult going through life using a cell phone to calculate every arithmetic operation you need to make. It takes a lot longer to understand the historical relevance of a situation if you don't know what previously happened that was relevant. You can't learn from case studies if you don't know much about business. With that said, of course problem-solving skills are important. But jumping all the way to real world problems, with their large numbers of variables and infinite complexities, asks an enormous amount of our students. I think that the skillful teaching of problems-solving in controlled situations (scaffolding) is the missing link. This gives them the skills they need while solving problems they can handle. Even experienced adults can't solve most real world problems.

Great talk, Thank you

Excelente!

Excellent... well said ... 13:42

@IonorReasSpamGenerator

4 жыл бұрын

Currently impossible due to limited school resources, but with AI each student can have its own teacher which will interact with him to follow his progress of accelerated interactive learning that brings better results, nowadays such learning is possible only for rich kids which can afford have their own teachers concentrating only on them, so in fact, AI will reduce the gap between rich and poor as far as education goes, in a same but more significant manner as was already achieved by internet and cheap computing devices.

In Future, education systems, has left the idea, that Intelligence can be 'artificial', as a consequence of growing intelligence, and development. Intelligence can Never be artificial.

"Lecture is not the best utilization of time" -Damn Right!!!.

@Bagginsess

7 жыл бұрын

you just watched a lecture fyi...

@introvertedperson007

7 жыл бұрын

wow that was fast reply

@Bagginsess

7 жыл бұрын

you're right, how rude and ignorant of me to comment on an old comment

@introvertedperson007

7 жыл бұрын

okay.

@jennylee959

6 жыл бұрын

I agree in all aspect. Lecture is just a waste of time. why not do practical work and then lecture will be during practical work.

Future features are wonderful

The internet has already totally transformed education. The "sage on the stage" model of teaching has been with us for a thousand years since Oxford popularized the method in the west. But it is an expensive and unsustainable model. At major universities, your personal interaction is usually just with a TA or a study group. Knowledge is moving so fast that printed texts can't keep current. Traversing a campus everyday is a massive time sink. If AI succeeds in giving personalized feedback and teaching then the Oxford model is pretty much dead dead dead.

@waynebiro5978

7 жыл бұрын

True, and although it is already dead in a practical sense (Oxford has imploded - it now engages primarily in academically-formatted twaddle), it will remain a power-obstacle obstructing paths of innovation and progress.

@joshn2342323

5 жыл бұрын

Completely agree.

@joshn2342323

5 жыл бұрын

The innovation in education will continue its march but not from traditional universities who have a strong vested interest in making sure the "sage on the stage" model of education remains in place.

@Geoe423

2 жыл бұрын

It will be hybrid and not only AI.

Now the future feels so close

future of education is to learn to get out the way so the machines can do our jobs better

Nice one. The Future Belongs to people who can design new solutions to a given problems. :) :)

@fazeblizz5898

2 жыл бұрын

And those who can't will die from starvation

Education needs to be concerned with the application of the human mechanism so that the body can be used towards objective science. The calibration of the human mechanism that allows us to use our bodies like instruments to carry out experiments that are repeatable by all those who have calibrated their mechanisms. Art will no longer be subjective and the value of experiences and awareness can be quantified and measured.

The opposite of "sage-on-the-stage" is the "guide-by-the-side". The "sage" concept is gradually perishing. Teachers are accountable for not only the academic success of the students, but also for their ability to solve real-life problems through rational decision-making. We have too many distractors to impede learning in the conventional technology-based pedagogy. I believe that the human 'guide' by the side of the students is indispensable. The AI-driven teaching tools are still too expensive to administer in a low-budget education system.

But how can you become a top researcher without having absorbed knowledge in the way we do it today? How can you expand the boundaries of knowledge then? Only resolving problems?

@enders8412

3 жыл бұрын

when you get really good at solving problems you start to know which knowledge you need in order to solve the problem. Therefore, you just ask the google and acquire the knowledge you needed easily.

@Machin396

3 жыл бұрын

@@enders8412 That's true.

There will always be a social aspect to learning. Large scale MOOC and LMS change quickly like tech. As long you don’t tie your education to one type of tech. I don’t think he really answers that. He also forgets that critical thinking is something that will take longer for AI. Learning is also not information delivery.

I agree with everything he said...but the proposed solutions are not new, we already have problem based or design thinking classes in secondary schools :/

Watch this at 1.5x speed!

@nitochi3

3 жыл бұрын

😆

@dyuthi...8482

3 жыл бұрын

Great advice...

@haeryungmoon7250

3 жыл бұрын

111

@jamesmaisiri6814

7 ай бұрын

Thanks

Love the topic, but it's quite paradoxical to criticise lectures as a form of instruction giving a lecture. TED talks should be shaped according to the content. I know there's a time limit but I think he should have made it more interactive applying the knowledge as the topic suggests IMHO. If TED talks are to promote innovation, why not be innovative in the process?

@graywolf182

7 жыл бұрын

TED talks aren't lectures that are meant to teach, it's just people expressing their ideas. You are not supposed to learn them by heart and pass an exam later. Also, the point is not that instructions are useless in education, it's that no one needs to memorize tomes of theory when you have the sum of human knowledge at your fingertips, all you need is the ability to understand it and apply it in practice to solve real world problems. But the paradigm hasn't changed despite that, and universities keep forcing students to cram useless facts into their heads. And even in companies like Google (very ironically) the interviews are more like exams, where no one cares how well you can come up with solutions and develop projects, if you can't recite every design pattern and every algorithm for every known data structure they aren't going to hire you.

@JandroLara

7 жыл бұрын

Are you sure about Google? Quite surprised actually. They're behind the most innovative teaching systems like Singularity University: su.org I was just suggesting to make more lively TED talks, even though they're not supposed to teach, they do. In fact, I learn a lot from them. And my perspective was just based on my creative thinking. I would be a lot more interesting to make it bidirectional. Get everyone involved is much more interesting, productive, collaborative and creative. I can't help it, I reckon. I think I would break the rule hehehe

@graywolf182

7 жыл бұрын

Pretty sure, you can find some devs rejected by them complaining about it twitter.com/mxcl/status/608682016205344768 And you have to realize that most corporations are huge hypocrites and will fund think tanks that promote some ideology with which they don't agree if that's good for their public image. I really doubt any major business figure believes a word Kurzweil says.

ephemeralisation of Buckminster Fuller

The abuse of the term "AI" is why I've come up with a more specific term: "FIAI" - which stands for "Fully-Independent Artificial Intelligence" - which is what most people envision when they see 'AI', rather than the limited predetermined systems that wrongly commandeer the moniker. By fully independent AI, I mean entities that ask moral questions before they make decisions (and take subsequent actions) - entities on par with us. Not directly related, but he also fails to ask, "Why bother?" (meaning his arguments are philosophically vapid, meaning they will be disregarded, and hence are at risk of being ignored and failing). Just to note, he does not address AI in this video (so having it in the video title is misleading), but a 'real-world problem-solving' approach to learning. He is on to something when he says future jobs will be non-routine problem-solving endeavors (but again, without a mindframe that contains an ultimate value and related ultimate goal to life, it makes such problem-solving a clueless endeavor, leaving any good that it does in peril, due to the ongoing cluelessness). Note how he says future economic growth will be based on technology (rather than the true driver - philosophy) - in other words, a blind faith in problem solving (and Hitler (to use a high-profile example) demonstrated the flaw in the blind faith of science and technology) (isn't it good to learn from history). So he mentions occupations such as engineers and scientists, but fails to mention philosophers (mainly because they continue to fail us - enter me), who are the real drivers of industry (and hence economies). If you, for example, take my life-guiding philosophy of 'The Great Struggle', and its more immediate goal of securing higher consciousness in a harsh and deadly universe, then you have the philosophical guidance for industrial (and scientific and engineering) endeavors, rather than the trite philosophies (money, power, fame) that currently drive mankind in their blind ignorance of their cosmic peril. He is on the wrong path with 'students applying their knowledge' - since the students have insufficient knowledge - their applications will be pointless, hence uninspiring. Rather, begin at kindergarten and have the kids address real-world issues, to get them in that frame of mind early. The kids will discover what they need to know to solve problems, and they will have a taste of managing mental tools such as information, generalizations, classifications, and assumptions, all of which play a part, especially in inexact endeavors, such as with social problems... and it turns out that this is exactly what Stanford University is doing (now the question is how they are going about it - are they emphasizing having the students realize the various things they need to know to solve real-world problems?). Unfortunately, with the Stanford program, students are working on 'solutions for profit' - in which they are being exploited, rather than on general humanity problems (and without an enlightened mindframe, such as the one I offered above). "Problem-Based Learning" ( 11:22 ) - yes, that is what I was referring to - the theory being that giving the kids an immediate, real-world 'purpose' for learning will stimulate their desire to learn everything needed to solve that problem. They will, in fact, go home thinking about that problem (because humans, even kids, love to solve problems). It is the old "learn by doing" (though I myself have had no problem learning by theory, where the piece of knowledge (gained through knowledge transfer, which the speaker is against) may be applied to many diverse (and unforeseen) future problems). Nice concept ( 13:28 ) where the outcome is not graded, but rather the application of knowledge. As for the disdained 'knowledge transfer' of current educations systems, the problem there is in enlightening the student as to the variety of problems that each bit of transferred knowledge can be subsequently applied to (not to mention unforeseen problems), giving the student some inspiring broader/more far-ranging 'purpose' other than animal survival (which should be a given in today's world) or vain/trite local/immediate concerns such as impressing someone (usually who does not rate it) (and again we are getting into philosophy). Good that he mentions that we do not have to be afraid of new technology (sadly, it needs to be said), but rather look at it as a potential tool in solving more problems - though he is 'preaching to the choir' if he is addressing technology students - he needs to address liberal arts students, who have wilder, more uninformed imaginations toward technology (cyborgs taking over the world, anyone?) (we need look no further than Hollywood).

@zerge69

6 жыл бұрын

Wayne Biro theres already a term: general artificial intelligence

@muhammad24able

6 жыл бұрын

you mean strong AI vs weak AI?

@vsiegel

3 жыл бұрын

With FIAI, I think you mean conscious AI (or AGI - Artificial General Intelligence)

This model has been developed in great depth by Donald Schon. I have two comments to make about the presentation. First, the dualism of learning content for memory vs. knowledge for use is untenable. Knowledge for use is indeed the Centerpoint, and universities have to shift to that paradigm. But using knowing always means that there is off-the-shelf knowledge ready at hand. Second, not all learning situations requiring knowledge use CAN be simulations - or what Schon calls "practica." Consider practice teaching. If it offers any lessons for the teacher, there have to be real students. If there are real students, then the practice teaching has real-world consequences and is not just a "practicum." Also, if the work is really simulated, as in city design by way of Sim city and the like, then it can be highly miseducative. Real life is ... well, real. Humans are hugely complex systems and cannot be causally mapped or reduced to algorithms. This is a great talk. The importance of PBL and immersion are difficult to overstate and lost completely absent from contemporary secondary and tertiary education. But educational theory has gone beyond it, conceptually speaking, in these two ways

Interesting. Projecting the future. But more of a near-term future. Even his supposed future jobs will be going away shortly thereafter as AI continues to grow and learn.

@lynguist

6 жыл бұрын

this has been stated rather clearly at other tedx talks related to this topic. i cant for the life of me understand how someone apparently so involved in the field can be unable to see this cold fact! everyone knowing i BEG YOU, enlighten me! give me redemption! i gave up my job in it-systems-administration watching software being installed, that made my job so easy or rather one dimensional, that i can clearly see its going to be irrelevant very soon. then i became intrigued by programming. i thought: hey, therein lies a fountain, an endless reservoir of problems needing solutions, therefor money, there lies a good solid job, that sounds good to build a future upon. until i began to realize that programming itself is not at all safe from becoming automated and done by GAI itself. even improving upon itself. and even till that will be reality, there are hundred thousands of highly skilled "cheap" (by no means meant in an offending manner) software developers and they are not inhabitants of "my" hemisphere. so why should learning be such an important matter in the future anyways? what should we learn right now? programming for the next 10-15 years and then what? i seriously appreciate any opinion on this (my) struggle

Chat gpt 7:48 😂

What about students that are lacking motivation? What about students with special needs? Many students shut down when faced with the type of problem-solving based learning the speaker describes. Often, in this type of learning situation, the 1 or 2 motivated students in a group end up doing the work. Not everyone learns in the same way, and it appears that some in the tech fields are falling into the same trap of pushing a singular education model that, while different from students sitting with their little desks all in a row, will not address the diverse needs of many. Many students do not know how to be self-directed learners, and many students do not have supportive home environments when it comes to education. Many students have had gaps in education, lack basic skills, or are behind grade level. We need to have multiple approaches to instruction, and we need to be better at identifying the best approach for each student. This is the only way we won't be creating more inequality.

@joshn2342323

5 жыл бұрын

The curriculum could be adapted for special needs students. Also the technology the video is talking about is basically called "AI assisted project based learning"...which essentially means the learning is done via projects but the student always has this AI that it can run to if the student is lost. The AI will help the student to learn the material, similar to how a human tutor would mentor the student. Also in terms of knowledge gaps....there is a educational concept called knowledge mapping. If a student is deficient in an area then the AI should be able to figure this out and then it will teach the student this information. This is the same process a human teacher/tutor is using. How do you figure out the student is deficient in some concept...you ask them questions or test them and then you see...they don't know that material so you give them materials to learn. The AI assisted system does the exact same thing. It is not difficult to develop. Sure, the AI-based educational model is not a solution for every student but I would strongly advise against looking at the few outliers as your basis for dismissing the entire field of research in this area. AI assisted educational systems will absolutely be revolutionary in education for the vast majority of people, both in the developed and developing countries. As the world progresses into a AI-based economy, we can no longer afford to have obsolete educational models of the past holding us back. We need more humans performing high-level jobs, not menial manual labor jobs.

Wow

@akumar383

4 жыл бұрын

Yes ITS wow

He looks like mr.Finch (Micheal Emerson) :D

I thought the video is about using AI in education. It turned out that the talk about developing education to make graduates ready for the age of AI.

And now AlphaGoZero😱

A.G.I and biotechnology is the future

More centralized control

search for the video "German Programmer Bashes the Deep Learning Trend" training an average DL network alrdy consumes energy equivalent to something like 5 cars CO2 lifetime + fabrication costs. and much more in the video

At one point he says : It will always be work for somebody who can solve real problems . And what about the rest ?

8:55 We do not need to figure out a way, necessarily. People like this exist already, they are called teachers. What needs to happen is a mandatory educational teaching component in every graduate program. Individuals that are not doing a degree in an education department should be required to take some courses that teach pedagogy and teaching practices since the inception of education. Then they might do a better job than 100% teacher talk time. After getting a degree in teaching, I became a little annoyed that I paid for undergraduate education where lecturing is the normal practice for "teaching". Lecturer's that stand in front of a class & talk, and have no interactive classroom engagement need to be replaced or up-skilled.

Only if the solutions are cheep it will work. They will probably not be cheep and free, and then you need the most briliant people, the ones that invent new relevant math.

Well, someone today starting an advanced degree that may take 6 to 8 years will be out of work. Simulations, calculations, and using datum to solve "real world" problems will be antiquated. You have a better chance of carving out a niche teaching frisbee tricks. AI wont be able to do that for at least 15 years.

Why would the government want to fund education beyond the basics, if A.I can outperform any human? For the majority no work, no independent income a life on welfare.

@talkaufman8044

5 жыл бұрын

A.I. will never be able to replace human creativity which is why he is saying that problem solving and creating solutions will be the main focuses of future education.

@derjemand1021

4 жыл бұрын

HUMANS MADE AI

problem solving teachings? school that teaches thinking? haha, in our education system? ..... HAHHAHAHA

Lol, let's talk about the lack of value in lectures though a lecture!

@Wildlifeonwheels

4 жыл бұрын

It's the exception that proves the rule.

We are doom or Lucky. 😃😫😵😵

First bad point is peak knowlege, that is when they can replace need for new people with AI!

Bla bla bla get to the point, 5 minutes nothing new said.

Makes too many unexamined assumptions, and shows his lack of simple premises ( knowledge) in regard to education !

We must change the old practice it's a waste of time to do repetitive cycle education system we must ride in the flow of future destiny how? Singularity our children can achieve incredible intelligence thur AI implants chips so they can focus in Actual Training Orientation maybe we can shortcut the educational programs in very short time so they can Work in the early Age of 12 and build there own Future Destiny.

@ravekingbitchmaster3205

7 жыл бұрын

Demonchang Atentar Sounds like a wonderful childhood :-(

@waynebiro5978

7 жыл бұрын

Implant chips are not only sci-fi, but the wrong vision. We already have 'implant chips' - we just need to access them when we need them (they are called The Internet).

I didn't understand how people could qualify for jobs based on their ability to use knowledge. No examples were given and how is it different from now? AI gathering all the knowledge so we just sit back and use it? sounds ridiculous

Lets get this right, full AI will mean no moore buisnes models, so if there can bearly be any moore companys, how can there be employes.

if computers are programed to teach, but computers can only be as good as their programming and fallible humans are doing the programming, then the machina will only be as good as their programmers. see the problem? show me a computer and programming that doesn't need updated every 24 hours and well we can finally put Android, apple, and hallelujah, Microsoft out to pasture. oops too much money at stake. oh well it was a nice Fantasy. AI. absolutely improbable.

With all the homeless people why are we giving jobs to robots?

TED is goin down the hill, omg soooo many noobs

@waynebiro5978

7 жыл бұрын

Local TED Talks are the worst.

All these guys and ladies are doing is mostly chewing and re-chewing the same concepts over and over again....Very seldom you learn anything new: one lecture (or article) suffices to know all what is around with regards to AI (not to mention AI applied to education....). As well, contradictions and sieve-alike logics seem not to affect the confidence of these new generation of Ciceros....so long for AI as a serious matter.....

This guy is such a terrible speaker, like seriously, he's exaggerating the insignificant things for minutes before getting to a boring point he presents as profound, this is unlistenable

I don't agree at all. Knowledge is transferred from human to human because the goal is to learn how to live in a human society. Technology is just a tool, and everybody needs to learn how to use it first. Only an experienced human can teach. Solving real-life problems in a simulated environment (oxymoron!) is NOT learning real life, it's learning a simulation. Think about it, humans do art, ethics, laws, lectures, love, etc. for their own sake, not because technology needs or permits it.

@richardf911

7 жыл бұрын

Nonsense. Simulations are used constantly for teaching/learning many complex and important skills. Airline piloting is just one of many ...

@marcopolo3001

7 жыл бұрын

Nope

@xSTstSTx

7 жыл бұрын

+Milos Malinic You Greek bro?

@waynebiro5978

7 жыл бұрын

Sorry, but the goal is not to learn how to live in a human society, the goal should be to perpetually engage in the Great Struggle (living forever and knowing everything - both rendered impossible given eternity and infinity, hence the 'great' since it is rendered perpetual), and, as an intermediate goal, securing higher consciousness in a harsh and deadly universe (so what I'm saying is, elevate your mind - you have it in the gutter, especially where you repeat the tired (and clueless) clichéd "doing it for your own sake" which, given my enlightened reasoning above, you can now see is not only clueless, but foolish and suicidal.

@fromdarkk

6 жыл бұрын

Milos Malinic you under estimate the AI

A waste of 14 minutes and 51 seconds

I highly doubt all women will lose their jobs, and when will we have AI fishing and crab / lobster vessels with all robot workers thereon? Can robots write poetry? I don't want to EVER travel on a flying saucer where none of the crew knows what is going on, only some AI-assisted Borg wannabe born recently or the self-programming HAL 2135 computer consciousness. I imagine even the Russians and Chinese already know how to do area wide AI nullification that takes out every AI device no matter the size or function or shielding. Any aliens, Pleiadians for example, likely have Multiple Ultra-Advanced Methods of such sophistication that we have no likely defense for the next 1000 years. We do not even know what the capabilities of aliens on levels 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are, let alone their machinery. These aliens may have powers such that they require no machinery. And their science would be so vastly developed beyond ours, they could have numerous defenses quite simple to them and totally unknown to us. We see the developers here are rather brash and have little regard for earth humans. The aliens are already en garde and know the probabilities are we'll be even less careful with them. It appears to me they are quite worried already, ample evidence of that. Mostly about our arrogance and lack of care for planets and peoples. They see the immense damages we have inflicted upon our own environment. Why aren't you solving problems here? By saving the planet and the people of the world from destruction by what has already been done? What value is AI when there is no clean air and water? I've heard some nearby civilizations have ruined themselves with AI and are trying to find a way to recover. Many here do not want to lose the ability to think, whether or not they are favored problem solving employees. As for my feeble intuition, I say that before an AI Nothing knows everything your industry will collapse. You have been working for money, not for good results for humanity and giving your tech to foremost evil groups. Do you understand what their plans have been over the last 30 to 40 years? There have been severe AI problems cosmically, long before us. The technophiles destroyed Atlantis, and you may be interested to know have already nearly destroyed earth, American technophiles. Some of them are transhumanist technophiles. All of this will be very interesting now to 2044. Many unforeseen events will occur.

Does this guy have a PhD in education? No, he does not.